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1.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37999656

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Positron emission tomography (PET) has demonstrated utility for diagnostic and prognostic assessment of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) but has not been evaluated in the first year after transplant. OBJECTIVES: The authors sought to evaluate CAV at 1 year by PET myocardial blood flow (MBF) quantification. METHODS: Adults at 2 institutions enrolled between January 2018 and March 2021 underwent prospective 3-month (baseline) and 12-month (follow-up) post-transplant PET, endomyocardial biopsy, and intravascular ultrasound examination. Epicardial CAV was assessed by intravascular ultrasound percent intimal volume (PIV) and microvascular CAV by endomyocardial biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 136 PET studies from 74 patients were analyzed. At 12 months, median PIV increased 5.6% (95% CI: 3.6%-7.1%) with no change in microvascular CAV incidence (baseline: 31% vs follow-up: 38%; P = 0.406) and persistent microvascular disease in 13% of patients. Median capillary density increased 30 capillaries/mm2 (95% CI: -6 to 79 capillaries/mm2). PET myocardial flow reserve (2.5 ± 0.7 vs 2.9 ± 0.8; P = 0.001) and stress MBF (2.7 ± 0.6 vs 2.9 ± 0.6; P = 0.008) increased, and coronary vascular resistance (CVR) (49 ± 13 vs 47 ± 11; P = 0.214) was unchanged. At 12 months, PET and PIV had modest correlation (stress MBF: r = -0.35; CVR: r = 0.33), with lower stress MBF and higher CVR across increasing PIV tertiles (all P < 0.05). Receiver-operating characteristic curves for CAV defined by upper-tertile PIV showed areas under the curve of 0.74 for stress MBF and 0.73 for CVR. CONCLUSIONS: The 1-year post-transplant PET MBF is associated with epicardial CAV, supporting potential use for early noninvasive CAV assessment. (Early Post Transplant Cardiac Allograft Vasculopahty [ECAV]; NCT03217786).

2.
CJC Open ; 4(5): 479-487, 2022 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35187463

RESUMO

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has reduced access to endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) rejection surveillance in heart transplant (HT) recipients. This study is the first in Canada to assess the role for noninvasive rejection surveillance in personalizing titration of immunosuppression and patient satisfaction post-HT. Methods: In this mixed-methods prospective cohort study, adult HT recipients more than 6 months from HT had their routine EMBs replaced by noninvasive rejection surveillance with gene expression profiling (GEP) and donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) testing. Demographics, outcomes of noninvasive surveillance score, hospital admissions, patient satisfaction, and health status on the medical outcomes study 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) were collected and analyzed, using t tests and χ2 tests. Thematic qualitative analysis was performed for open-ended responses. Results: Among 90 patients, 31 (33%) were enrolled. A total of 36 combined GEP/dd-cfDNA tests were performed; 22 (61%) had negative results for both, 10 (27%) had positive GEP/negative dd-cfDNA results, 4 (11%) had negative GEP/positive dd-cfDNA results, and 0 were positive on both. All patients with a positive dd-cfDNA result (range: 0.19%-0.81%) underwent EMB with no significant cellular or antibody-mediated rejection. A total of 15 cases (42%) had immunosuppression reduction, and this increased to 55% in patients with negative concordant testing. Overall, patients' reported satisfaction was 90%, and on thematic analysis they were more satisfied, with less anxiety, during the noninvasive testing experience. Conclusions: Noninvasive rejection surveillance was associated with the ability to lower immunosuppression, increase satisfaction, and reduce anxiety in HT recipients, minimizing exposure for patients and providers during a global pandemic.


Contexte: La pandémie de COVID-19 a réduit l'accès à la biopsie endomyocardique pour surveiller le risque de rejet après une greffe du cœur. Cette étude est la première à être menée au Canada pour évaluer le rôle de la surveillance non invasive du risque de rejet en personnalisant le titrage de l'immunosuppression et la satisfaction du patient après la greffe cardiaque. Méthodologie: Dans le cadre de cette étude de cohorte prospective à méthodes mixtes, des adultes ayant reçu une greffe cardiaque depuis plus de six mois ont vu leurs biopsies endomyocardiques régulières remplacées par une surveillance non invasive du risque de rejet qui consiste à établir le profil de l'expression génique et à analyser l'ADN acellulaire dérivé du donneur. Les données démographiques, les résultats du score de surveillance non invasive, les admissions à l'hôpital, la satisfaction des patients et l'état de santé tirés du questionnaire SF-12 (questionnaire abrégé sur la santé comprenant 12 items) de l'étude sur les issues médicales ont été colligés et analysés au moyen des tests T et des tests χ2. Les réponses ouvertes ont fait l'objet d'une analyse qualitative thématique. Résultats: Parmi 90 patients, 31 (33 %) ont été recrutés. Au total, 36 tests combinés de profilages de l'expression génique et d'ADN acellulaire dérivé du donneur ont été réalisés; les résultats ont été négatifs pour les deux tests dans 22 cas (61 %), positifs pour le profilage de l'expression génique et négatifs pour l'ADN acellulaire dans 10 cas (27 %), négatifs pour le profilage de l'expression génique et positifs pour l'ADN acellulaire dans quatre cas (11 %) et aucun cas n'a donné de résultats positifs pour les deux types de tests. Tous les patients qui ont donné des résultats positifs à l'analyse de l'ADN acellulaire dérivé du donneur (fourchette : 0,19 % à 0,81 %) ont subi une biopsie endomyocardique n'ayant révélé aucun rejet cellulaire ou à médiation par anticorps important. Au total, 15 cas (42 %) affichaient une immunosuppression réduite, proportion qui a grimpé à 55 % chez les patients dont les tests de concordance ont donné des résultats négatifs. Dans l'ensemble, le niveau de satisfaction rapporté par les patients était de 90 % et, à l'analyse thématique, ils étaient plus satisfaits et moins anxieux pendant les tests non invasifs. Conclusions: La surveillance non invasive du risque de rejet a été associée à la capacité de diminuer l'immunosuppression, d'augmenter la satisfaction et de réduire l'anxiété chez les patients qui ont reçu une greffe cardiaque, en plus de réduire l'exposition des patients et du personnel médical dans le contexte d'une pandémie.

3.
CJC Open ; 3(2): 201-203, 2021 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33644734

RESUMO

Patients with restrictive cardiomyopathy due to Fabry disease are often deemed ineligible for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support due to the risk of suction events with a small LV cavity. We describe the first case series of LVAD support for Fabry disease. LVAD therapy can improve survival, quality of life, and provide clinical stability to start enzyme replacement therapy. Precautions at the time of surgery include rapid treatment of fever to avoid Fabry crises, involvement of a multidisciplinary team, and early initiation of rehabilitation. We describe LVAD support for both bridging and destination therapy.


Les patients qui ont une cardiomyopathie restrictive due à la maladie de Fabry sont souvent considérés non admissibles aux dispositifs d'assistance ventriculaire gauche (DAVG) en raison du risque de succion lié à la petite cavité VG. Nous décrivons la première série de cas liée aux DAVG en présence de la maladie de Fabry. La thérapie par DAVG peut contribuer à l'amélioration de la survie, de la qualité de vie et offrir une stabilité clinique pour débuter l'enzymothérapie de substitution. Parmi les précautions à prendre au moment de l'intervention chirurgicale figurent le traitement rapide de la fièvre pour éviter les crises de Fabry, la participation de l'équipe multidisciplinaire et la mise en place précoce de la réadaptation. Nous décrivons l'utilisation du DAVG à titre de pont jusqu'à la transplantation et à titre de thérapie définitive.

4.
J Card Fail ; 23(11): 786-793, 2017 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28648852

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Conversations about goals of care in hospital are important to patients who have advanced heart failure (HF). METHODS: We conducted a multicenter survey of cardiology nurses, fellows, and cardiologists at 8 Canadian teaching hospitals. The primary outcome was the importance of barriers to goals-of-care discussions in hospital (1 = extremely unimportant; 7 = extremely important). We also elicited perspectives on roles of different practitioners in having these conversations. RESULTS: Questionnaires were returned by 770/1024 (75.2%) eligible clinicians. The most important perceived barriers were: family members' and patients' difficulty in accepting a poor prognosis (mean [SD] score 5.9 [1.1] and 5.7 [1.2], respectively), family members' and patients' lack of understanding about the limitations and harms of life-sustaining treatments (5.8 [1.1] and 5.7 [1.2], respectively), and lack of agreement among family members about goals of care (5.8 [1.2]). Interprofessional team members were viewed as having different but important roles in goals-of-care discussions. CONCLUSIONS: Cardiology clinicians perceive family and patient-related factors as the most important barriers to goals-of-care discussions in hospital. Many members of the interprofessional team were viewed as having important roles in addressing goals of care. These findings can inform the design of future interventions to improve communication about goals of care in advanced HF.


Assuntos
Cardiologia/métodos , Barreiras de Comunicação , Insuficiência Cardíaca/terapia , Hospitais de Ensino/métodos , Planejamento de Assistência ao Paciente , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adulto , Canadá/epidemiologia , Cardiologistas/psicologia , Feminino , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos/psicologia , Projetos Piloto , Assistência Terminal/métodos , Assistência Terminal/psicologia
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