Identification of High-Affinity Small Molecule Targeting IDH2 for the Clinical Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is symbolized by an increase in the number of myeloid cells in the bone marrow and an arrest in their maturation, frequently resulting in hematopoietic insufficiency (granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, or anemia) with or without leukocytosis either by a predominance of immature forms or a loss of normal hematopoiesis. IDH2 gene encodes for isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme which is involved in the TCA cycle domino effect and converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate. In the U.S, the annual incidence of AML progressively increases with age to a peak of 12.6 per 100,000 adults of 65 years or older. Mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (arginine 132) have been demonstrated to be recurrent gene alterations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) by forming 2-Hydroxy alpha ketoglutarate which, instead of participating in TCA cycle, accumulates to form AML. The current study approaches by molecular docking and virtual screening to elucidate inhibitor with superior affinity against IDH2 and achieve a pharmacological profile. To obtain the best established drug Molegro Virtual Docker algorithm was executed. The compound AG-221 (Pub CID 71299339) having the high affinity score was subjected to similarity search to retrieve the drugs with similar properties. The virtual screened compound SCHEMBL16391748 (PubChem CID-117816179) shows high affinity for the protein. Comparative study and ADMET study for both the above compounds resulted in equivalent chemical properties. Virtual screened compound SCHEMBL16391748 (PubChem CID-117816179) shows the lowest re-rank score. These drugs are identified as high potential IDH2 inhibitors and can halt AML when validated through further In vitro screening.

An In Silico Investigation of Potential EGFR Inhibitors for the Clinical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer possesses the third highest diagnostic rate and is the second leading cause of cancer death in the USA as reported by NIH. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane protein, participates in PLC gamma-1, RAS-RAF-MEK-MAPKs, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, Akt pathways and plays a key role in normal functioning of cell division, cell differentiation, apoptosis and migration. This protein is found to be overexpressed in more than 60% of the colorectal cancers. Overexpressed EGFR advances the tumorigenic properties through cell cycle dysregulation and activates signaling pathways linked to cancer such as WNT/ß-catenin, transforming growth factor ß (TGF-ß) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K). Inhibiting the overexpressed EGFR protein has been proposed for the treatment and many inhibitors have been reported suppressing the activity of EGFR. However, patients in malignant state of cancer show resistance to those inhibitors, which open a wide space to research for the discovery of novel inhibitors. The present study employed Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening to find novel inhibitors with high affinity against EGFR. Molecular docking of existing inhibitors resulted in the compound titled as BGB-283 (PubChem CID-89670174) having the highest score, which was subjected to similarity search to retrieve the drugs with similar structure. The virtual screening concluded a compound SCHEMBL18435602 (PubChem CID-126517400) which revealed a better affinity with the target protein. A comparative study of both the compounds showed equivalent pharmacokinetic properties. These identified drugs have a high potential to act as EGFR inhibitors and can show promising results in the research of colorectal cancer.

Structure-Based Virtual Screening for the Identification of High Affinity Compounds as Potent VEGFR2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

INTRODUCTION: Renal Cell Carcinoma is a common type of renal cancer-causing deaths worldwide which is characterized by sustained angiogenesis. VEGF and its receptors play a major role in physiologic and pathologic angiogenesis, which is marked in tumour progression and metastasis development. Induction of VEGF genes occur due to hypoxic condition induced by tumour growth after a critical size in cancerous cell. Signal transduction networks originated by VEGFA/VEGFR2, (a notable ligand-receptor complex in the VEGF system) leads to major angiogenesis events ranging from endothelial cell proliferation, to new vessel formation, Furthermore, differential expression of VEGF-VEGFR mRNA also found in different types of RCC. AIM: The aim of present study is to inhibit the VEGFR2 protein by the action of certain inhibitors and then to search an efficient inhibitor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 23 potential inhibitors were searched and used to target the protein using the concept of molecular docking. Among 23 inhibitors, CHEMBL346631 shows best affinity with the target protein and was used for high throughput virtual screening to find similar compounds. The compound obtained from virtual screeningSCHEMBL469307, shows much more better affinity with VEGFR2 than CHEMBL346631. CONCLUSION: Relative study for both the compounds showed a minor difference in relevant properties. The compound SCHEMBL469307 have a high potential to inhibit the VGFR2 protein and can be backed for future studies in Renal Cell Carcinoma.