Familial hypercholesterolemia in Mexico: Initial insights from the national registry.

BACKGROUND: Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) remains underdiagnosed and undertreated. OBJECTIVE: Report the results of the first years (2017-2019) of the Mexican FH registry. METHODS: There are 60 investigators, representing 28 federal states, participating in the registry. The variables included are in accordance with the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS) FH recommendations. RESULTS: To date, 709 patients have been registered, only 336 patients with complete data fields are presented. The mean age is 50 (36-62) years and the average time since diagnosis is 4 (IQR: 2-16) years. Genetic testing is recorded in 26.9%. Tendon xanthomas are present in 43.2%. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 11.3% and that of premature CAD is 9.8%. Index cases, male gender, hypertension and smoking were associated with premature CAD. The median lipoprotein (a) level is 30.5 (IQR 10.8-80.7) mg/dl. Statins and co-administration with ezetimibe were recorded in 88.1% and 35.7% respectively. A combined treatment target (50% reduction in LDL-C and an LDL-C <100 mg/dl) was achieved by 13.7%. Associated factors were index case (OR 3.6, 95%CI 1.69-8.73, P = .002), combination therapy (OR 2.4, 95%CI 1.23-4.90, P = .011), type 2 diabetes (OR 2.8, 95%CI 1.03-7.59, P = .036) and age (OR 1.023, 95%CI 1.01-1.05, P = .033). CONCLUSION: The results confirm late diagnosis, a lower than expected prevalence and risk of ASCVD, a higher than expected prevalence of type 2 diabetes and undertreatment, with relatively few patients reaching goals. Recommendations include, the use of combination lipid lowering therapy, control of comorbid conditions and more frequent genetic testing in the future.

Feasibility of single catheter intervention for multivessel coronary artery disease using transradial approach / Viabilidad de la intervención con un solo catéter para la enfermedad de la arteria coronaria con múltiples vasos mediante abordaje transradial

Abstract Objective: The objective of the study was to describe the feasibility of single catheter intervention using the transradial approach for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: The transradial approach for PCIs has fewer vascular events and complications and lower mortality rate. However, complications can result from forearm artery tortuosity, a longer learning curve and artery spasm that can complicate, delay and impede coronary artery interventions. The latter is usually exacerbated by the changing and manipulation of catheters. Methods: We performed a study using a single catheter on patients undergoing coronary assessment and treatment. Procedural outcomes including success, procedural time, bleeding, access site complications, and contrast used were all analyzed. Results: We included 327 patients, of whom 70% were male. The mean age was 63.3 ± 11.1 years, mean height was 165.9 ± 7.7 cm, mean weight was 73.3 ± 11.3 kg, and mean body index was 26.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2. Contrast use averaged 158.5 ± 60.5 ml. Three vessels were treated in 3% of all cases, two vessels in 32%, and one vessel in 65%. Procedural success was achieved in 94.5% of the cases. A second catheter was required in 9 cases (2.7%), and crossover to the femoral approach was performed in 9 cases (2.7%) due to a lack of support, artery spasm, difficult anatomy, or the need for a larger catheter. Three complications were related to access, including a Class 2 hematoma that was treated conservatively with no further complications. Conclusions: Our study showed that using a single catheter to perform both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures has a higher success rate, lower spasm incidence, and fewer complications than reported in literature.

Resumen Objetivo: Describir la factibilidad del uso de un solo catéter en el intervencionismo coronario percutáneo por vía transradial. Antecedentes: El abordaje transradial en las intervenciones coronarias ha mostrado menores eventos cardiovasculares y complicaciones, y menor mortalidad. Sin embargo, algunos eventos adversos pueden resultar por trotuosidad de las arterias del brazo, curva de aprendizaje más larga o espasmo arterial que puede complicar, retardar o impedir la intervención coronaria. Ésta última es usualmente exacerbada por el intercambio de catéteres o la manipulación de los mismos. Métodos: Realizamos un studio utilizando un solo catéter en pacientes sometidos a coronariografía e intervención coronaria. Los desenlaces del procedimiento incluyendo éxito, tiempo de procedimiento, sangrado, complicaciones en el sitio de acceso y uso de medio de contraste fueron analizados. Resultados: Incluimos 327 pacientes, 70% de los cuales fueron varones. La edad promedio fue de 63.3 ± 11.1 años, la estatura promedio fue de 165.9 ± 7.7 cm, peso promedio de 73.3 ± 11.3 kg y el índice de masa corporal promedio de 26.5 ± 3.5 kg/m2. El contraste utilizado promedio fue 158.5 ± 60.5 ml. El total de vasos tratados fue de tres en 3% de los casos, dos en 32% de los casos y uno en 65%. El éxito del procedimiento fue logrado en 94.5% de los pacientes No obstante, un Segundo catéter fue requerido en 9 intervenciones (2.7%), y cambio en la vía de acceso fue realizado en 9 casos (2.7%) por falta de apoyo, espasmo arterial, anatomía dificil o necesidad de un catéter de mayor lumen. Tres complicaciones asociadas al sitio de acceso incluyendo un hematoma clase 2 fueron registradas el cual se trató conservadoramente. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio mostró que el uso de un catéter único para realizar tanto procedimientos diagnósticos como terapéuticos tiene una tasa de éxito mayor, con menor incidencia de espasmo y complicaciones reportadas en la literatura.