Evaluation of mutagenic activity of platinum complexes in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster.

Cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin are some of the most often used alkylating chemotherapeutic agents. In view of the paucity of data on the genotoxicity of oxaliplatin, this study compares the mutagenic activity of cisplatin (0.006, 0.012, 0.025, 0.05 mM), carboplatin (0.1, 0.2, 0,5, 1.0 mM), and oxaliplatin (0.1, 0.2, 0,5, 1.0 mM) using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. Standard and high-bioactivation crosses of the drosophilid were used, which present basal and high levels of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) metabolization enzymes, respectively. All concentrations of cisplatin and carboplatin induced lesions in genetic material in both crosses, while oxaliplatin was mutagenic only to high bioactivation flies treated with 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mM of the compound. No significant differences were observed between genotoxicity values of cisplatin and carboplatin. However, CYP450 enzymes may have affected the mutagenic action of oxaliplatin. Carboplatin induced mainly mutation events, while cisplatin triggered mostly mutation and recombination events when low and high doses were used. Most events induced by oxaliplatin were generated by somatic recombination. Important differences were observed in genotoxic potential of platinum chemotherapeutic compounds, possibly due to the origin and type of the lesions induced in DNA and the repair mechanisms involved.

Concordância dos resultados do sistema BD Phoenix com provas bioquímicas manuais na identificação de enterobactérias em amostras clínicas / Agreement of results of the BD Phoenix system and manual biochemical tests in the identification of Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples

Enterobactérias pertencem a um grupo grande e heterogêneo de bacilos Gram-negativos cujo habitat natural é o cólon de humanos e animais, sendo microrganismos amplamente distribuídos na natureza. Devido a essas características são frequentemente responsáveis por infecções hospitalares. O principal objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a concordância entre as provas bioquímicas manuais e o sistema automatizado BD Phoenix 100 na identificação de enterobactérias, a partir da análise de registros de pacientes hospitalizados. Métodos: No período de agosto de 2011 a abril de 2012, foram realizados 303 exames no Laboratório Exame de Análises Clinicas pelos métodos manual e automatizado, os quais foram submetidos a análise dos dados. Resultados: Do total, 27,7% foram positivos para enterobactérias. Os microrganismos mais frequentes isolados foram a Klebsiella pneumoniae (36,9%) e Escherichia coli (29,8%). O estudo apresentou uma alta concordância entre os métodos, principalmente na identificação dos gêneros, caso em que a concordância chegou a 97% dos registros. Na identificação das espécies, as bactérias dos gêneros Klebsiella spp. e Serratia spp. não tiveram suas espécies identificadas pelo método manual em sete dos registros observados, sendo identificadas somente pela automação. Da mesma forma, algumas amostras de Escherichia coli não foram detectadas pelo método manual, que as identificou como indeterminadas em quatro dos registros analisados. Conclusão: Verificou-se uma boa concordância entre os métodos na identificação das principais enterobactérias isoladas de amostras clínicas...

Enterobacteriaceae are microorganisms that are widely distributed in nature and belong to a large and heterogeneous group of Gram-negative bacilli whose natural habitat is the colon of human beings and animals and are. Because of these characteristics they are often responsible for hospital infections. The main objective of this study was to assess the agreement between manual biochemical tests and the BD Phoenix 100 automated system in the identification of the Enterobacteriaceae, based on an analysis of hospitalized patients’ records. Methods: In the period between August 2011 and April 2012, 303 tests were made at Laboratório Exame de Análises Clinicas by the manual and automated methods, which were subjected to analysis. Results: Results revealed that 27.7% of the tests were positive for Enterobacteriaceae. The most commonly isolated microorganisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (36.9%) and Escherichia coli (29.8%). The study showed a high agreement between the methods, especially in the identification of genders, in which case agreement reached 97% of records. When it comes to identifying the species, seven samples of Klebsiella spp. and Serratia spp. bacteria had their species identified only by the automated method and not by the manual method. Similarly, some samples of Escherichia coli, were not detected by the manual, which identified them as indeterminate in four of the records analyzed. Conclusions: There was a good agreement between both methods in identifying the major Enterobacteriaceae isolated from clinical samples...