Comparison of the plaque regrowth inhibition effects of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil or coconut oil using 4-day plaque regrowth study model: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the plaque-inhibiting effects of oil pulling therapy with sesame oil or coconut oil using 4-day plaque regrowth study model. METHODS: This clinical observer-masked, randomized, crossover designed study involved 24 participants. The participants received professional prophylaxis in the preparatory period and after that subjects started to use the allocated mouthrinse (coconut oil or sesame oil). On day 5, periodontal clinical parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), stain index (SI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Subjects underwent a 14-day wash out period and then used the other mouthrinse for 4 days. RESULTS: Oil pulling therapy with coconut oil or sesame oil exhibited similar plaque regrowth inhibition (PI = 1.60 ± 0.28 and 1.49 ± 0.22, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively) and tooth staining (SI = 0.20 ± 0.11 and 0.21 ± 0.09, for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively.) In addition, GI and BOP were similar in both groups (GI = 0.61 ± 0.19 and 0.69 ± 0.16; BOP = 0.09 ± 0.24 and 0.03 ± 0.03 for oil pulling with coconut oil and sesame oil, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Oil pulling therapy with coconut or sesame oil showed similar results in terms of plaque regrowth inhibition and tooth staining. According to the present results, both coconut oil and sesame oil can be used for oil pulling therapy with the aim of plaque regrowth inhibition.

Peri-implant crevicular fluid and serum levels of soluble ST2 in peri-implant diseases: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Soluble ST2 (sST2) is a current biomarker of cardiovascular disease. It is used to predict susceptibility to cardiovascular diseases and to analyze their prognosis. Serum sST2 level increases in inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. However, the level of sST2 in peri-implant diseases and crevicular fluid has not been investigated yet. Thus, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to analyze the level of sST2 in peri-implant health and diseases. METHODS: Sixty-nine participants were divided into 3 groups as peri-implant health (PH), peri-implant mucositis (PM), and peri-implantitis (P-I). Peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) and serum samples were collected from each participant. The levels of sST2 and IL-6 in PICF and sST2, IL-6, and CRP in serum were compared between the groups. Pocket depth (PD), modified bleeding index (mBI), modified plaque index (mPI), keratinized mucosa index (KTW), and gingival/mucosal recession (REC) were recorded as clinical parameters. Biomarkers in the serum and PICF were analyzed by ELISA kit. RESULTS: Sixty-nine patients were included in the study. The differences in the following parameters were statistically significant between groups: age (p = .009), implant function time (p = .027), PD (p < .001), mBI (p < .001), mPI (p < .001), and KTW (p = .043). The PICF volume of P-I and PM groups were statistically higher than PH (p < .001). The amount of sST2 in P-I and PM groups were higher than PH (p = .043). Serum CRP was higher in the P-I group than in other groups (p = .034). There were no significant differences in serum sST2 (p = .247) and IL-6 (p = .110) levels between groups. CONCLUSION: The PICF levels of sST2 were significantly higher in PM and P-I groups compared to the healthy group. However, no significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of serum sST2 level.

Efficacy of oil pulling therapy with coconut oil on four-day supragingival plaque growth: A randomized crossover clinical trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the plaque-inhibiting effects of oil pulling using 4- day plaque regrowth study model compared to 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) containing mouthrinse. DESIGN: The study was an observer-masked, randomized, cross-over design clinical trial, involving 29 volunteers to compare 0.2% CHX and oil pulling therapy in a 4- day plaque regrowth model. After the preparatory period, in which the subjects received professional prophylaxis, the subjects commenced rinsing with their allocated rinsed. On day 5 plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), stain index (SI), bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded from the subjects. Each participant underwent a 14- day wash out period and then used the other mouthrinse for four days. RESULTS: Oil pulling therapy presented similar inhibitory activity on plaque regrowth compared with CHX (PI = 1.67 ±â€¯0.24, 1.61 ±â€¯0.20, respectively) with less staining (SI = 0.21 ±â€¯0.13, 0.47 ±â€¯0.27, respectively). In addition, GI and BOP was similar in both groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Oil pulling with coconut oil seems to have similar plaque inhibition activity as CHX. In addition it caused less tooth staining than CHX. These findings suggest that oil pulling therapy may be an alternative to CHX rinse.

Evaluating the Effects of a Topical Preparation with Dexpanthenol, Silbiol, Undecylenic Acid, and Lidocaine on Palatal Mucosa Wound Healing in a Rat Model

Background: Postoperative complications occur after periodontal plastic surgeries, but an ideal treatment to overcome them has not been found yet. Aims: To evaluate the effects of topically applied Oral-norm gel on the healing of excisional wounds. Study Design: Animal experiment. Methods: Excisional wounds with a diameter of 3 mm were made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 63 Sprague Dawley rats. Seven animals were sacrificed at time 0. The remaining rats were divided into two groups: a test group in which the topical Oral-norm gel was applied three times a day and a control group in which nothing was applied. Seven animals in each group were sacrificed at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days. Mean wound surface area was measured photographically, while wound healing and width were evaluated microscopically. Results: The mean wound surface area decreased significantly after 3 days in both groups (p<0.001). Between days 3 and 7, the mean wound surface area decreased from 6.62 (2.85) to 0.83 (1.62) mm2 in the control group and 5.07 (0.88) to 1.42 (1.67) mm2 in the test group. The wound width decreased significantly on day 7 in both groups (p<0.001), with no further changes by day 14. Both groups had a significant increase in inflammation and vascularization on day 3 (p<0.001), with a reduction thereafter. No significant differences in macroscopic and microscopic measurements were observed between the groups at any time point (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Oral-norm gel has no positive healing effects in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Immunohistochemical analysis of CD45RO+ T cells and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in cyclosporin A-induced rat gingival tissue.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD45RO(+) T cells, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced rat overgrown gingival tissue during an 8-week period. METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 250 g were used in this study. Mandibular first molars were ligated with 3-0 silk suture. The rats received daily doses of 0.09% NaCl (control group) or 10 mg/kg body weight of CsA (test group) by intraperitoneal injections. Five rats from the control group and 10 rats from the test group were sacrificed at each experimental period (2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks after the beginning of CsA treatment). The specimens were examined immunohistochemically. RESULTS: CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD45RO(+) T cells, and VEGF expression were more prevalent in the CsA-treated group than in the control group (P <0.05). VEGF was significantly correlated with CD4(+) T cells, CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, and CD45RO(+) cells (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, we conclude that VEGF, a major regulator of angiogenesis, and CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD45RO(+) memory T cells play a key role in CsA-induced gingival overgrowth.

Investigation of matrix metalloproteinase-1--1607 1G/2G polymorphism in a Turkish population with periodontitis.

AIM: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) is a proteolytic enzyme that degrades extracellular matrix and plays a fundamental role during destruction of periodontal tissues. The aim of this study was to examine the association between MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G polymorphism and chronic periodontitis susceptibility in a Turkish population. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 180 subjects were enrolled in this study. All the subjects received a periodontal examination including full-mouth clinical attachment loss measurements, probing depths, plaque index scores, gingival index scores and radiographic bone loss ratios. Three groups formed according to periodontal conditions were healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups. MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G gene promoter polymorphism was genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: Analysis of the polymorphism showed no differences in distribution of the MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G polymorphism among healthy, moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis groups (p>0.05). When the groups were further stratified by smoking status, we found no significant differences in genotype distributions, allele frequencies and carriage rates among any groups either (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results, no significant association is found for the MMP-1 -1607 1G/2G polymorphism with susceptibility to periodontitis. Moreover, smoking status did not seem to affect this result.

A 1- to 12-year clinical evaluation of 106 endosseous implants supporting fixed and removable prostheses.

The purpose of this article is to report on the long-term clinical evaluation of patients treated with dental implants. A total of 106 implants were placed in 34 patients and restored with fixed partial dentures and overdentures. The 12-year cumulative implant survival and success rates were 95.2% and 90.2%, respectively. Probing depths around mandibular implants were significantly lower than those around maxillary implants (P < .05). The cumulative implant success rate in nonsmokers was 97.7%, but this dropped to 75.81% in smokers. Also, patients rehabilitated with implant-supported overdentures had more peri-implant tissue inflammation than patients with fixed prostheses.

Interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and neutrophil elastase activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid.

The aim of this study was to determine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels and neutrophil elastase (NE) activity in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of smoker and nonsmoker patients, and to investigate their relationships with clinical parameters. A total of 42 endosseous root-form dental implants of 14 patients were clinically examined by modified Plaque index (PI), modified Gingival index (GI) and probing depth (PD). Smoking habits of the patients were recorded. PICF of implants were collected by Periopaper strips and IL-1beta, TNF-alpha levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NE was analyzed with a neutrophil specific chromogenic substrate, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. The cytokine and enzyme levels in PICF were expressed as total amount/activity and as concentrations. NE activity in PICF significantly correlated with GI and PD, and IL-1beta levels with GI and PICF volume (P < 0.05). The correlations were stronger when the PICF levels were expressed as total IL-1beta amount and as total NE activity. The implants with inflamed gingiva (GI > 1) had higher levels of IL-1beta and NE activity than implants with noninflamed or slightly inflamed gingiva (GI 3 mm) was greater than the implants with shallow pockets (PD