RESUMO
Obesity is a complex metabolic illness that is interrelated to a plethora of complications that predispose to avoidable morbidity and mortality. The considerable impact of obesity has invited various therapies ranging from lifestyle advice, pharmacotherapy, endoscopic bariatric therapy and ultimately surgery. Intragastric balloons are space-occupying therapies that aim to increase satiety through mechanical and neuroendocrine mechanisms. Their prevalence is owed to their ease of administration and general safety. However, long term data concerning safety and efficacy is scarce when considering the various types of balloons in use. In this review, we discuss the intragastric balloon comprehensively in terms of efficacy, safety, limitations and future direction.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Malignant breast adenomyoepithelioma (AME) is a rare subtype of breast cancer. AME is mostly a benign disease that uncommonly undergoes malignant transformation. PRESENTATION OF CASE: Here we present a case of a young, previously healthy female who initially presented with a painless breast lump. The patient underwent wide local excision for atypical cells with squamous metaplasia by core biopsy, but final histopathology showed AME with carcinoma. Thus, a mastectomy and a sentinel lymph node biopsy was undertaken. The patient had an uneventful recovery and no recurrence after the second surgery. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Malignant transformation of adenomyoepithelioma is reported in a small number of cases. Benign AME may be treated with wide local excision as recurrence is rare locally. Whereas malignant AME tends to be treated with simple mastectomy with or without lymph node biopsy.