Clostridium paraputrificum bacteremia in a 64-year-old woman with colon carcinoma.

Here we report a case of bacteremia caused by Clostridium paraputrificum in a 64-year-old woman with colon carcinoma and gastrointestinal disease. Using the new EUCAST 2022 clinical breakpoints for Clostridium perfringens, the isolate was susceptible to metronidazole and vancomycin, but resistant to benzylpenicillin, meropenem, and clindamycin. Thus, treatment with metronidazole should be considered in all patients with Clostridium bacteremia until antibiotic susceptibility is determined to minimize the risk of treatment failure.

Bartonella Endocarditis in Spain: Case Reports of 21 Cases.

Blood culture negative endocarditis (BCNE) is frequent in infective endocarditis (IE). One of the causes of BCNE is fastidious microorganisms, such as Bartonella spp. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiologic, clinical characteristics, management and outcomes of patients with Bartonella IE from the "Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis-Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis infecciosa en España (GAMES)"cohort. Here we presented 21 cases of Bartonella IE. This represents 0.3% of a total of 5590 cases and 2% of the BCNE from the GAMES cohort. 62% were due to Bartonella henselae and 38% to Bartonella quintana. Cardiac failure was the main presenting form (61.5% in B. hensalae, 87.5% in B. quintana IE) and the aortic valve was affected in 85% of the cases (76% in B. henselae, 100% in B. quintana IE). Typical signs such as fever were recorded in less than 40% of patients. Echocardiography showed vegetations in 92% and 100% of the patients with B. henselae and B. quintana, respectively. Culture was positive only in one patient and the remaining were diagnosed by serology and PCR. PCR was the most useful tool allowing for diagnosis in 16 patients (100% of the studied valves). Serology, at titers recommended by guidelines, only coincided with PCR in 52.4%. Antimicrobial therapy, in different combinations, was used in all cases. Surgery was performed in 76% of the patients. No in-hospital mortality was observed. One-year mortality was 9.4%. This article remarks the importance for investigating the presence of Bartonella infection as causative agent in all BCNE since the diagnosis needs specific microbiological tools and patients could benefit of a specific treatment.

The evolution of pediatric heart retransplantation over three decades: An analysis from the PHTS.

BACKGROUND: Retransplantation is rare and associated with worse survival and more morbidity. The study aim is to describe an updated cohort of pediatric retransplants, determine if there has been an era effect on outcomes, and understand if identified trends are explained by changes in patient selection. METHODS: Pediatric Heart Transplant Society database analysis of retransplantation patients <18 years of age (Era 1: 1993-2001, Era 2: 2002-2010, Era 3: 2011-2018). Multivariate analysis identified risk factors for graft loss. Multiphase parametric hazard modeling was used to depict era and risk factor effect. RESULTS: Survival was lower (p < .0001) for retransplant (n = 222) compared to primary transplant (n = 6548) (median 9.3 vs 20.2 years). Median survival increased from Era 1 to 2 (4.8 vs 9.3 years; p < .0001) with no incremental change in Era 3. Era 2 and 3 retransplants had a longer inter-transplant interval (p < .0001), were less frequently for early graft failure (p = .0004) or acute rejection (p = .007), more frequently from a ventricular assist device (p = .0014), and less frequently from extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (p = .0024). Predictors of graft loss included Era 1 (HR 10.55, p = .001), congenital heart disease (HR 4.42, p = .01), inter-transplant interval <1 year (HR 5.34, p = .002), and mechanical support (ventricular assist device HR 7.47, p = .0042; extracorporeal membrane oxygenation HR 10.09, p < .0001). For each 1-year increase in inter-transplant interval, graft loss risk decreased by 1.15 (p = .0002). Retransplantation was associated with more rejection, infection, and allograft vasculopathy. CONCLUSIONS: Graft survival has improved in pediatric retransplants making it a viable option in select patients. Retransplantation should be avoided in the setting of early graft failure especially requiring mechanical support.

Composición química de la miel de abeja y su relación con los beneficios a la salud

RESUMEN En la actualidad existe un incremento en la tendencia al consumo de alimentos saludables. Uno de ellos es la miel de abeja, reconocida desde la antigüedad por sus propiedades medicinales. Resulta importante profundizar en la información relativa a la composición química de la miel y cómo la misma influye en sus propiedades biológicas. Para ello se realizó esta revisión, que ofrece información y análisis de las características fisicoquímicas de la miel, sus componentes bioactivos y los mecanismos de acción. Fueron utilizados valores de los estándares de calidad y de otros componentes, como vitaminas, minerales, enzimas, ácidos orgánicos, proteínas, flavonoides y ácidos fenólicos con alta actividad antioxidante. Se resumen aspectos principales de las características funcionales de la miel, que le aportan su potencial biológico, energético, antioxidante, antiséptico y modulador de la respuesta inmune, para la acción contra determinadas enfermedades y, fundamentalmente, en la actividad preventiva. Elementos de esta naturaleza brindan información que puede ser utilizada en la promoción de una buena salud y en el desarrollo de nuevas investigaciones.

ABSTRACT Currently there is an increase in the tendency of the healthy food consumption. One of them is bee honey, recognized since ancient times for its medicinal properties. It is important to deepen in information regarding to chemical composition of honey and how it influences on its biological properties. For that was carried out this review that offers information and analyzes physicochemical characteristics of bee honey, its bioactive components and action mechanisms. Values of quality standards and of other components, as vitamins, minerals, enzymes, organic acids, proteins, flavonoids and phenolic acids with high antioxidant activity were used. Main aspects of the honey functional characteristics are summarized. They give it their biological, energetic, antioxidant, antiseptic and immune response modulating potential for the action against certain diseases and, mainly, in the preventive activity. Elements of this nature provide information that can be used in the promotion of good health and in the development of new research.

Prevalencia y mortalidad por diabetes en Cuba, decenio 2010-2019 / Prevalence and mortality from diabetes in Cuba during the 2010-2019 decade

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus es una afección grave y crónica que ocurre cuando los niveles de glucosa en la sangre de una persona son altos, porque su cuerpo no puede producir insulina o su cantidad es insuficiente. Constituye un importante e independiente factor de riesgo, para las enfermedades cardiovasculares y otros daños. Objetivo: Describir la prevalencia y mortalidad por diabetes en Cuba, en el decenio 2010- 2019. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio ecológico, descriptivo, sobre la diabetes mellitus en Cuba. Se tuvieron en cuenta, la dispensarización, las tasas de mortalidad brutas por la enfermedad, en el decenio 2010- 2019. Los anuarios estadísticos publicados por la Dirección de Registros Médicos y Estadísticas de Salud, del Ministerio de Salud Pública de esos años, fueron la fuente de información. Resultados: La prevalencia de diabetes en Cuba en el decenio, ha tenido tendencia al incremento de 4,04 por ciento en 2010, a 6,67 por ciento en 2019. Fue más frecuente en las personas del sexo femenino. Las tasas brutas de mortalidad, disminuyeron en ese período de 23,9 a 20,6 por 100 000 habitantes. Conclusiones: Las tasas de prevalencia anuales de diabetes reportadas en Cuba, resultaron mayores en el sexo femenino. En el decenio, la prevalencia general de diabetes mostró un incremento, en tanto que la tendencia de la mortalidad bruta por esta enfermedad, fue al descenso. Murieron más mujeres que hombres(AU)

Introduction: Diabetes is a serious and chronic condition that occurs when a person's blood glucose levels are high because the body cannot produce insulin or its amount is insufficient. It is an important and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other damages. Objective: To describe the prevalence and mortality from diabetes in Cuba during the decade 2010-2019. Material and Methods: A descriptive ecological study on diabetes in Cuba was carried out. Dispensarization and gross mortality rates due to the disease in the 2010-2019 decade were taken into account. The statistical yearbooks published by the Directorate of Medical Records and Health Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health those years were used as a source of information. Results: The prevalence of diabetes in Cuba in the decade tended to increase from 4,04 percent in 2010, to 6,67 percent in 2019. It was more frequent in women. Crude mortality rates decreased in that period from 23,9 to 20,6 per 100 000 inhabitants. Conclusions: The annual prevalence rates of diabetes reported in Cuba were higher in females. In the decade, the general prevalence of diabetes showed an increase, while the trend in gross mortality from this disease was related to the decrease. Women were more likely to die than men(AU)

Caracterización de la prevalencia y mortalidad por hipertensión arterial en Cuba, decenio 2009- 2018 / Characterization of prevalence and mortality from arterial hypertension in Cuba, 2009-2018 decade

Introducción: la presión arterial elevada, fue el principal factor asociado con mortalidad prematura, tras causar casi 10 millones de muertes y más de 200 millones de años de vida ajustados por discapacidad en el mundo y el que más muertes, de causa cardiovascular, origina. Es una enfermedad silenciosa, raramente causa síntomas en las primeras etapas, por lo general, no se diagnostica oportunamente. Objetivo: caracterizar la prevalencia y mortalidad por hipertensión arterial en Cuba, en el decenio 2009- 2018. Material y métodos: se realizó un estudio ecológico, sobre la hipertensión arterial en Cuba. Se tuvieron en cuenta, la dispensarización, las tasas de mortalidad brutas por las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio, del corazón y las hipertensivas en el decenio 2009- 2018. Los anuarios estadísticos publicados por la Dirección Nacional de Estadísticas, del Ministerio de Salud Pública de esos años fueron la fuente de información. Resultados: la prevalencia total de la hipertensión arterial en Cuba presentó un ligero aumento en el decenio. Fue más frecuente en las personas del sexo femenino. Las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades hipertensivas exhibieron una tendencia al incremento. Conclusiones: las tasas de prevalencia de hipertensión arterial reportadas en Cuba en el primer nivel de atención de salud estuvieron en el rango intermedio entre las cifras mundiales y la región de las Américas. En el decenio su prevalencia general mostró un ligero incremento, en tanto que la mortalidad por enfermedades hipertensivas casi se duplicó, lo que sugiere la necesidad de optimizar la pesquisa activa de hipertensión arterial(AU)

Introduction: High blood pressure was the main factor associated with premature mortality, causing almost 10 million deaths and more than 200 million disability-adjusted life years in the world, also being the factor that causes the majority of deaths due to cardiovascular causes. It is a silent disease that rarely causes symptoms in early stages of the disease. It is usually not diagnosed promptly. Objective: To characterize the prevalence and mortality due to arterial hypertension in Cuba in the decade 2009-2018. Material and methods: An ecological study was carried out on arterial hypertension in Cuba. Dispensarization, gross mortality rates due to diseases of the circulatory system, heart diseases and hypertensive diseases were taken into account in the decade 2009-2018. The source of information was made up by the statistical yearbooks corresponding to those years published by the National Directorate of Statistics of the Ministry of Public Health. Results: The total prevalence of arterial hypertension in Cuba presented a slight increase in the decade. It was more frequent in the female sex. Mortality rates from hypertensive diseases exhibited an increasing trend. Conclusions: The prevalence rates of arterial hypertension reported in Cuba in the first level of health care were in the intermediate range between the world figures and the region of the Americas. In the decade, its general prevalence showed a slight increase, while mortality from hypertensive diseases almost doubled, which suggests the need to optimize the active screening for arterial hypertension(AU)

Caracterización de la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares: Cuba, 2009-2018 / Characterization of mortality from cardiovascular diseases: Cuba, 2009-2018

RESUMEN Fundamento: un tercio del total de muertes que ocurren en el mundo, por enfermedades no transmisibles, se deben a las enfermedades cardiovasculares que constituyen la primera causa de muerte a nivel mundial y en Cuba. Objetivo: caracterizar la mortalidad por enfermedades cardiovasculares en Cuba ocurridas en el período 2009-2018. Métodos: se realizó un estudio ecológico. Se utilizaron los anuarios estadísticos, publicados por el Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuba y la Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades (CIE-10). Se consideraron las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades del corazón y su comportamiento por provincias, así como, las tasas de mortalidad por enfermedades del sistema circulatorio y su distribución por grupo de edades. Las tasas usadas fueron las brutas. Resultados: en Cuba las enfermedades del sistema circulatorio aportan una tasa de mortalidad entre 299,4 y 360,0 por 100 000 habitantes con tendencia al incremento. Las tasas de mortalidad para las enfermedades del corazón y de las arterias, arteriolas y vasos capilares, desde el año 2009 hasta el 2018, fueron superiores en los hombres. En cuanto a las enfermedades cerebrovasculares excedieron en las mujeres, excepto en los años 2014, 2016-2018. En el año 2013 y 2015 fueron muy similares para ambos sexos. Dentro de las enfermedades cardiovasculares las del corazón aportaron más años de vida perdidos, secundadas por las cerebrovasculares y en menor magnitud las de las arterias, arteriolas y vasos capilares. Conclusiones: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son un grave problema de salud por lo cual se hace necesario accionar sobre las causas que las originan, para ganar en la percepción de riesgo cardiovascular, en la responsabilidad de cada persona y en el auto cuidado de la salud.

ABSTRACT Background: a third of the total deaths that occur in the world, due to non-transmissible diseases, are due to cardiovascular diseases. They constitute the first cause of death worldwide and in Cuba. Objective: to characterize the mortality from cardiovascular diseases in Cuba that occurred in the period 2009-2018. Methods: an ecological study was carried out. Statistical yearbooks published by the Cuban Ministry of Public Health and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) were used. Mortality rates from heart diseases and their behavior by provinces were considered, as well as mortality rates from diseases of the circulatory system and their distribution by age group. The rates used were gross. Results: in Cuba, diseases of the circulatory system provide a mortality rate between 299.4 and 360.0 per 100 000 inhabitants with a tendency to increase. Mortality rates for diseases of the heart and arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, from 2009 to 2018, were higher in men. Regarding stroke diseases, they exceeded in women, except in the years 2014, 2016-2018. In 2013 and 2015 they were very similar for both sexes. Within cardiovascular diseases, heart diseases contributed more potentially lost years of life, supported by stroke diseases and to a lesser extent those of arteries, arterioles and capillaries. Conclusions: cardiovascular diseases continue to be a serious health problem, which is why it is necessary to act on the causes that cause them, gaining in the perception of cardiovascular risk and in the responsibility, of each person, in the self-care of the health.

Anosmia y pruebas de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa negativas / Anosmia and negative polymerase chain reaction tests

Introducción: La enfermedad por COVID-19 producida por el SARS-CoV-2, se convirtió en pandemia a partir de marzo del 2020. Entre las manifestaciones clínicas del sistema nervioso periférico pueden aparecer la anosmia y la ageusia. Objetivo: Demostrar la importancia del diagnóstico clínico y epidemiológico en el criterio de certeza de la COVID-19. Presentación del caso: Adolescente de 17 años, masculino con pérdida de olfato e historia familiar de COVID-19, por lo que quedó solo en su casa por el ingreso de su familia, dos test de reacción en cadena de la polimerasa negativos en primera instancia, sin cuadro clínico de la enfermedad aparente, hasta aproximadamente 10 días posteriores a la aparición de los síntomas de la familia, que comienza con pérdida total del olfato; se le repite la misma prueba, que es negativa de nuevo y es remitido a consulta para el estudio de la anosmia. Se atiende por pediatría, se indica el estudio completo y se realiza interconsulta con el especialista de otorrinolaringología. Todos los complementarios de laboratorio, microbiología e imagenología fueron negativos, por lo que decidimos, por la sospecha de COVID-19 y el antecedente familiar, realizar serología para anticuerpos contra SARS-CoV-2, lo que resultó en IgG positivo. Conclusiones: El diagnóstico clínico y epidemiológico retrospectivo permitió el criterio de certeza de la enfermedad COVID-19(AU)

Introduction: The COVID-19 disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 became a pandemic as of March 2020. Among the clinical manifestations of the peripheral nervous system may appear anosmia and ageusia. Objective: Demonstrate the importance of clinical and epidemiological diagnosis in the certainty criterion of COVID-19. Case presentation: 17-year-old male adolescent with loss of smell and family history of COVID-19, so he was left alone at home due to the admission in hospital of his family; he had two negative polymerase chain reaction tests in the first instance, without clinical picture of the apparent disease, until approximately 10 days after the appearance of the symptoms of the family, which begins with total loss of smell; the same test is repeated, which is negative again and he is referred to consultation for the study of anosmia. He was attended in Pediatrics service, a complete study is indicated and the interconsultation with the specialist of otolaryngology is carried out. All the complementary laboratory, microbiology and imaging tests were negative, so it was decided, due to the suspicion of COVID-19 and the family history, to perform serology for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, which resulted in positive IgG. Conclusion: The retrospective clinical and epidemiological diagnosis allowed the certainty criterion of COVID-19 disease(AU)

Double-Lumen Aortic Arch: Persistence of the Fifth Aortic Arch.

A persistent fifth aortic arch is exceptionally rare. We report a patient with a double-lumen aortic arch in association with a perimembranous ventricular septal defect and Cornelia de Lange syndrome. We also discuss the morphologic consequences of persistent fifth aortic, arch, which may not be limited to the double-lumen aorta but in fact may be more common.

Importancia del desarrollo de la colección de documentos patrimoniales en una institución del sector salud / Importance of building a heritage document collection in health institutions

Se aborda el carácter patrimonial de la documentación científica de una institución, que es diferente al patrimonio cultural de una nación o al patrimonio documental de la humanidad, sin que esto reste mérito a la necesidad de preservación y divulgación de esa memoria científica. El acercamiento al tema y la necesidad de ampliar el conocimiento sobre el mismo motivó la realización de la presente revisión y análisis con el objetivo de destacar la importancia del desarrollo de colecciones para salvaguardar el patrimonio científico institucional. Se describen y analizan conceptos que permiten establecer el cuerpo teórico que sustentan la propuesta de concepto de patrimonio documental institucional y la importancia del desarrollo una colección contentiva de la documentación patrimonial institucional. La importancia del desarrollo de una colección contentiva de la producción patrimonial del INHEM en soporte digital, es una necesidad para mejorar la disponibilidad, el acceso, la diseminación y la preservación de la información y el conocimiento desarrollado a lo largo de los años por una destacada institución científica cubana(AU)

The paper deals with the heritage nature of an institution's scientific documentation, which is different from a country's cultural heritage or mankind's documentary heritage. This fact, however, does not diminish the need to preserve and publicize such scientific memory. Approximation to the subject and the need to broaden knowledge about it resulted in the review and analysis herein presented, aimed at highlighting the importance of building collections to safeguard the institutional scientific heritage. Description and analysis are provided of concepts central to the theoretical body supporting the proposal of the notion of institutional documentary heritage and the importance of building a collection comprising the institution's document heritage. Development of a digital collection comprising the heritage production at the National Institute of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Microbiology, is a need to improve availability, access, dissemination and preservation of the information and knowledge produced throughout the years at this outstanding Cuban scientific institution(AU)

Interleuquina-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral-a en el suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo de niños con meningoencefalitis viral / Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from children with viral meningoencephalitis

INTRODUCCIÓN: las meningoencefalitis virales en el niño son causadas con mayor frecuencia por enterovirus, y tienen un curso generalmente benigno y autolimitado. OBJETIVO: estimar las concentraciones de interleuquina-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral-a en suero y líquido cefalorraquídeo de niños con meningoencefalitis viral. MÉTODOS: se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. Se estudiaron 61 pacientes, con edades entre 1 mes y 17 años con diagnóstico de meningoencefalitis viral por cuadro clínico, estudio citoquímico de líquido cefalorraquídeo y detección de genoma viral de enterovirus por reverso trascripción y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Se determinaron concentraciones de interleuquina-6 y factor de necrosis tumoral-a en 48 muestras de suero y 35 de líquido cefalorraquídeo. Para el análisis estadístico se empleó, la prueba de Wilcoxon para 2 muestras relacionadas, y la de Spearman para correlacionar las concentraciones de citoquinas. RESULTADOS: se detectó genoma viral en 3 muestras de líquido cefalorraquídeo con celularidad aumentada y predominio de polimorfonucleares, y en 3 muestras con celularidad normal. La cuantificación de interleuquina-6 en suero, fue 91,6 ± 39,0 pg/mL; y de factor de necrosis tumoral-α 106,5 ± 54,6 pg/mL. En el líquido cefalorraquídeo la cuantificación de interleuquina-6 fue de 109,65 ± 49,6 pg/mL, y de factor de necrosis tumoral-a 75,28 ± 29,9 pg/mL. CONCLUSIONES: se determinaron concentraciones elevadas de interleuquina-6 y de factor de necrosis tumoral-a en todas las muestras estudiadas. Este último se detectó más elevado en el suero, mientras la interleuquina-6 se elevó más en el líquido cefalorraquídeo, y se correlacionó positivamente con sus valores en suero y con los del factor de necrosis tumoral-a.

INTRODUCTION: viral meningoencephalitis affecting the child is caused mainly by enteroviruses and have generally self-limited benign course. OBJECTIVE: to estimate the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a present in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid of children suffering viral meningoencephalitis. METHOD: cross-sectional descriptive study of 61 patients aged one month to 17 years and diagnosed with viral meningoencephalitis. The diagnosis was based on their clinical picture, the cytochemical study of their cerebrospinal fluid and the detection of enterovirus viral genome through the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Forty eight serum samples and 35 cerebrospinal fluid samples served to determine the interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a concentrations. The statistical analysis included Wilcoxon's test for 2 related samples and the Spearman's test for correlating cytokine concentrations. RESULTS: viral genome was detected in 3 cerebrospinal fluid samples with increased cellularity and predominant polymorphonuclear neutrophils and in other 3 samples with normal cellularity. The quantitation of serum interleukin-6 and of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were 91.6 ± 39.0 pg/mL and 106.5 ± 54.6 pg/mL, respectively. The interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in the cerebrospinal fluid amounted to 109.65 ± 49.6 pg/mL, and 75.28 ± 29.9 pg/mL, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: high interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were found in all the studied samples. The factor concentrations were higher in the serum whereas those of interleukin-6 were higher in the cerebrospinal fluid; there was positive correlation between interleukin-6 values in the serum and those of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

Effect of blockade of the EGF system on wound healing in patients vaccinated with CIMAvax® EGF.

BACKGROUND: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling system is frequently unbalanced in human malignancies due to increased ligand production, receptor overexpression, receptor mutations, and/or cross-talk with other receptor systems. For this reason, the EGFR is an attractive target for anticancer therapy. The epidermal growth factor also plays an important role in regulating multiple facets of cutaneous wound healing, including inflammation, wound contraction, proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. In the Center of Molecular Immunology, a cancer vaccine is produced (CIMAvax® EGF) that blocks the binding of EGF to its receptor. This blockade causes a significant inverse association between the anti-EGF antibody titers and EGF concentration. Around 1,500 patients with non-small cell lung cancer have been treated, showing that this vaccine is safe, immunogenic, increases survival and improves quality of life. Taking into account the therapeutic benefits of CIMAvax® EGF vaccination and the role of EGF-EGFR system in the wound healing process, we decided to conduct a retrospective research with the aim of determining the effect to the CIMAvax® EGF vaccine on the wound healing process in patients undergoing surgical treatment. METHODS: Medical records of 452 vaccinated patients were reviewed and only six patients receiving surgical treatment were identified. Further information about these six patients was obtained from source documents, including medical records and operative reports using an observational list that included different variables. Post-surgical wound healing complications were identified using the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTC) version 3.0. RESULTS: None of the six patients operated on presented adverse events related to the wound healing, that is to say, no wound dehiscence, wound infection, delayed wound healing, fistula formation, abscess formation or hemorrhage/bleeding associated with surgery during treatment with CIMAvax® EGF occurred. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the use of CIMAvax® EGF does not produce a deleterious effect in the wound healing process.

Absceso cerebral como complicación de sinusitis maxilar / Brain abscess as a complication of maxillary sinusitis

El absceso cerebral es una infección infrecuente en el niño, pero puede ser muy grave con riesgo para la vida aun con los avances diagnósticos y terapéuticos disponibles. Su presentación clínica varía en dependencia de la localización, y el diagnóstico requiere un alto índice de presunción, ya que puede presentarse como complicación de procesos infecciosos frecuentes en la infancia. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 5 años de edad, con un absceso cerebral frontal, secundario a sinusitis maxilar. Se describen las manifestaciones clínicas, resultados de exámenes complementarios y tratamiento.

Brain abscess is an uncommon infection in the child, but it may represent a very serious life-threatening risk even if many diagnostic and therapeutic advances are available. Its clinical presentation depends on location and the diagnosis requires a lot of presumption since it may also appear as a complication of frequent infectious processes in the childhood. This is the case of 5 years-old girl suffering frontal brain abscess secondary to maxillary sinusitis. The clinical manifestations, the results of supplementary tests and of the treatment were described.

The effect of food type (fish nuggets or French fries) on oil blend degradation during repeated frying.

UNLABELLED: Oil that is reused multiple times for deep frying goes through changes in chemical composition and physical characteristics, affecting the quality of the fried foods. In this study, the effect of the food type (fish nuggets or French fries) on the degradation of an oil blend during the deep-fat frying of each food at 180°C during 12 days was determined, and the characteristics of the fried products were evaluated. The degradation of oil during repeated use was relatively faster when fish nuggets were fried than when French fries were fried, as higher values of total polar compounds were obtained. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results are useful for producers of French fries and fish nuggets, such as restaurants or fast foods sellers, providing them with practical guidelines within the permitted values established by the regulatory authorities. The studied foods have high economic importance and are different in their composition. Under the studied conditions, the tested oil blend may be used during 4 d (4 h per day) with a daily replenishment, without discarding the oil when frying fish nuggets, and must be discarded after 8 d when French fries are processed. This suggestion allows preparing safe fried foods for consumers.

Hemosiderosis pulmonar idiopática / Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis

Se denomina hemosiderosis pulmonar a los procesos caracterizados por depósitos anormales de hemosiderina en el parénquima pulmonar, secundarios a sangrados alveolares difusos y repetidos. Es una enfermedad de causa desconocida, poco frecuente, y en muchas ocasiones grave. En la mayoría de los pacientes se presenta en la primera década de la vida, sin predilección en cuanto a sexo. Se presenta una paciente de 7 años de edad, femenina, de piel blanca, con antecedentes de 22 ingresos desde la etapa de lactante por episodios recurrentes de dificultad respiratoria, interpretados como bronconeumonías, asociados a anemia aguda. Para el diagnóstico se realizó lavado broncoalveolar, y se observaron los macrófagos cargados de hemosiderina. La evaluación clínica y de laboratorio permitió excluir causas secundarias. Se instauró tratamiento con prednisona, con lo cual se logró una mejoría de la enfermedad. Se discuten los elementos clínicos, diagnósticos y terapéuticos de esta entidad.

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is those processes characterized by anomalous depots of hemosiderin in the pulmonary parenchyma, secondary to diffuse and repeated alveolar bleedings. It is an unknown disease, uncommon and mostly severe. It occurs in the first decade of life of most of the patients, regardless of sex. Here is a 7 years-old patient, female, Caucasian, with a history of 22 hospitalizations since she was a baby, due to recurrent episodes of respiratory distress diagnosed as bronchial pneumonias associated to acute anemia. For the diagnosis of this disease, bronchoalveolar lavage was performed and hemosiderin-loaded macrophages were observed. The clinical and lab evaluation excluded secondary causes. She was treated with prednisone and she improved her condition. The clinical, diagnosing and therapeutic elements of this disease were discussed.

Alteraciones metabólicas en pacientes obesos y su asociación con la acantosis nigricans / Metabolic alterations in obese patients and its association with the acanthosis nigricans

Introducción: la obesidad se considera actualmente una epidemia en aumento a escala mundial. El fenómeno afecta a niños y adultos, y se asocia con la aparición precoz de enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles que antes parecían exclusivas de los adultos, pero que se pueden presentar, incluso, en edades tempranas de la vida. Objetivo: identificar alteraciones clínicas y metabólicas en pacientes obesos y su asociación con la acantosis nigricans. Métodos: se realizó un estudio longitudinal prospectivo con 60 pacientes diagnosticados con obesidad exógena, con o sin acantosis nigricans, en el período comprendido de enero de 2009 a enero de 2010 en el servicio de endocrinología del Hospital Docente "William Soler". Se les realizó, además de anamnesis y examen físico, prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa, con determinación de glucemia e insulinemia en ayunas y a las 2 horas, determinación de colesterol, triglicéridos y ultrasonido del hígado. Resultados: el 55 % de los pacientes estudiados presentaban acantosis nigricans. La hipertensión arterial (18,2 %), así como el hiperinsulinismo (21,2 %), predominaron en este grupo de pacientes. La prueba de tolerancia a la glucosa alterada (6 %), las alteraciones de los lípidos (27,2 %) y la esteatosis hepática (39 %) predominaron en los pacientes obesos con acantosis nigricans. Conclusiones: la obesidad en edad pediátrica puede constituir un riesgo elevado de sufrir complicaciones metabólicas, sobre todo, en el obeso con acantosis nigricans.

Introduction: nowadays, obesity is considered a worldwide increasing epidemic. This phenomenon involves children and adults and it is associated with the early appearance of non-communicable chronic diseases that in the past were exclusive of adults, but that may be present in early ages of life. Objective: to identify the clinical and metabolic alterations in obese patients and its association with acanthosis nigricans. Methods: a prospective and longitudinal study was conducted in 60 patients diagnosed with exogenous obesity with or without acanthosis nigricans from January, 2009 to January, 2010 in the endocrinology services of the "William Soler" Teaching Children Hospital. Authors also carried out anamnesis and physical examination, glucose tolerance test, with fasting glycemia and insulinemia determination and at two hours, cholesterol determination, triglycerides and liver ultrasound. Results: the 55 % of study patients had acanthosis nigricans. In this group of patients there was predominance of high blood pressure (18.2 %), as well as the hyperinsulinism (21.2 %). Altered glucose tolerance test (6 %), lipid alterations (27.2 %) and hepatic steatosis predominated in the obese patients presenting with acanthosis nigricans. Conclusions: obesity in pediatric age may be a high risk to suffer metabolic complications, mainly in the obese patient with acanthosis nigricans.

Celulitis orbitaria como forma de presentación de la sinusitis complicada en el niño / Orbital cellulitis as a way of presentation of the complicated sinusitis in the child

La sinusitis aguda es un proceso inflamatorio de la mucosa de los senos paranasales, de etiología bacteriana principalmente. Es más frecuente en las edades escolares y en las épocas de mayor circulación de los virus respiratorios. Se desarrolla cuando se afecta el drenaje normal de los senos y se retienen las secreciones mucosas. Las complicaciones más severas, como celulitis y abscesos periorbitarios, son raras. La celulitis orbitaria es una entidad poco frecuente, cuya importancia radica en que puede asociarse a la pérdida de la visión y otras complicaciones. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 6 años, afectado con celulitis orbitaria, secundaria a sinusitis, y se comentan las peculiaridades del diagnóstico y el tratamiento, con el objetivo de alertar al pediatra para su diagnóstico temprano, lo que optimizaría su tratamiento.

The acute sinusitis is a inflammatory process of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses, the more important bacterial etiology. It is more frequent in the school ages and in the periods of more circulation of the respiratory viruses, which develops when the normal drainage of the sinuses is involved and there is retention of the mucosa secretions. The more severe complications including cellulitis and periorbital abscesses are rare. The orbital cellulitis is an entity not much frequent, whose significance lie in it may be associated to loss of vision and other complications. Authors present the case of a patient aged 6 presenting with orbital cellulitis, secondary to sinusitis and the particular feature of diagnosis and treatment to alert pediatrician for its early diagnosis, optimizing its treatment.