Evaluation of serum indirect haemagglutination test results of suspected cystic echinococcosis cases from 2009-2017.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to evaluate the serological, radiological and epidemiological analysis of suspected cystic echinococcosis patients, and to assess the positivity rate in the region. Methods: The retrospective study was conducted at Bursa Uludag University Hospital, Turkey and comprised data from January 2009 to December 2017 related to patients of either gender with suspected cystic echinococcosis who underwent indirect haemagglutination testing. Demographic and clinical data of patients who tested positive were analysed. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 23. RESULTS: Of the 3910 patients with a mean age of 41.6±19.35 years (range: 0-93 years) who underwent indirect haemagglutination testing, 692(17.7%) tested positive; 390(56.4%) females, and 302(43.6%) males. The highest seropositivity rate 107(15.5%) was observed in 2011, followed by 104(15%) in 2016. Seropositive cases were predominantly seen in those aged 40-49 years 131 (18.9%), followed by those aged 50-59 years 124 (17.9%). CONCLUSIONS: Cystic echinococcosis was found to be a public health problem in South Marmara region of Turkey.

Laboratory Results of Cystic Echinococcosis in 2017 and 2018

Objective: This study aimed to retrospectively examine the indirect haemagglutination (IHA) test results of patients suspected of cystic echinococcosis (CE) and admitted to Bursa Uludag University Health Practice and Research Center Hospital. Methods: Serum samples in the serology laboratory of our hospital were evaluated using the commercial Cellognost® echinococcosis IHA (Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics, Marburg, Germany) test based on the manufacturer's recommendations. In the IHA test, ≥1:64 serum titres were accepted as positive. Results: Seropositivity was determined in 213 (19.9%) of 1.072 patients suspected of having CE by the IHA method. Of the patients with seropositivity, 120 (56.3%) were female and 93 (43.7%) were male. The highest positivity rate in both sexes was found in patients aged 20-29 years (22.5% in women; 14.1% in men). Conclusion: The results indicate that CE maintains its importance as a public health problem in Bursa as in Turkey.

[Evaluation of Two Methods (Nativ-Lugol Preparation and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) for Detection of Entamoeba histolytica in Stool Samples]. / Entamoeba histolytica Tanisinda Iki Metodun (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) ve Nativ-Lugol) Degerlendirilmesi.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the performance of Native-Lugol examination and EIA Antigen Detection Test using stool samples obtained from patients diagnosed as clinical gastroenteritis and submitted to the Parasitology Laboratory in Uludag University between January 2010 and February 2011. METHODS: The stool samples taken from 116 patients and sent to the laboratory of parasitology from various clinics including outpatient services have been investigated using Native-Lugol examination and EIA Antigen Detection Kit (Wampole® E. histolytica II Techlab®, Inc., Blacksburg, Virginia) methods on all the samples. RESULTS: In one of 116 stool samples (%0,86), E. histolytica/E. dispar cysts and/or trophozoites were detected by using direct microscobic (nativ-lugol) method. E. histolytica specific antigen was detected in 34 (29.3%) out of the sample set, and the patients were given adequate treatment. The highest rate of E. histolytica specific antigen positivity were observed in 11-19 age group. CONCLUSION: On account of the fact that the sensitivity of direct microscopy is quite low, it is concluded that, from the viewpoint of preventing the amebiasis suspected patients from false diagnosis and hence from receiving inadequate treatment, the use of the ELISA method is more appropriate and advantageous, as it is cost effective and does not require highly qualified staff.

[The Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial washing and the comparison of methods which are used in diagnosis]. / Bronkoalveoler lavaj (BAL) ve bronsiyal lavaj yapilan hastalardaki Pneumocystis jirovecii kolonizasyonu ve tanida kullanilan yöntemlerin karsilastirmasi

INTRODUCTION: Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) which is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii is usually seen in the patients whose immune system is supressed. It is seriously seen an opportunist infection. In our study; totally 100 bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial washing samples collected by pulmonary disease department. Which belong to the patients in the clinics, and out patient clinic of the bronchoscopy material were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The BAL and bronchial washing were evaluated by the help of methenamine silver stain (Gomori/Grocott), toluidine blue O stain, Wright-Giemsa stain, immun fluorescent antibody (IFA) stain, nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: In the BAL and bronchial washing samples the agent couldn't be shown by the help of methenamine silver (Gomori/Grocott), toluidine blue O, Wright-Giemsa staining. In 13 patients with IFA test the cysts of P. jirovecii were determined. In 16 patients with nested PCR; the DNA of P. jirovecii were determined. In 8 patients by using PCR and IFA test P. jirovecii was determined. When the samples which had P. jirovecii were analyzed; 13 of them were BAL and 8 of them were bronchial washing. When the phenomenon groups were evaluated according to age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), congestive cardiac failure (CCF), staying in the hospital in the last three months, using antibiotics and radiological findings; there wasn't a statistical meaningful relation between P. jirovecii positivity and these situations. When the phenomenon groups were evaluated according to PCR and IFA positivity; in IFA and PCR positive patients for immunosupressive there was a meaningful differances (p= 0.003). The positive 28.6 % of cases were immunosuppressed and the 3.8% of PCR or IFA negative cases were immunosupressed. When PCR method was compared with IFA which is called gold standard for sensitivity and specificity; sensitivity was found 61.5% and specificity was found 90.8%. IFA and PCR diagnosis test results were compatible (With McNemar test p= 0.581). CONCLUSION: Diagnostic sensitivity of staining methods for P. jirovecii in immunocompromised HIV negative patients are found to be low and it was shown that IFA and nested PCR methods have not parallel results.

[The distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the Uludag University Medical Faculty Hospital between 2009-2010]. / Uludag Üniversitesi Tip Fakültesi Hastanesinde 2009-2010 Yillarinda Saptanan Bagirsak Parazitlerinin Dagilimi

OBJECTIVE: Intestinal parasite infection is still an important public health problem. In this study, patients with various gastrointestinal system complaints presenting at various clinics of the Uludag University Medical Faculty, between 2009-2010 were investigated for intestinal parasites. METHODS: All fecal samples were examined with the formol ethyl acetate sedimentation method for helminth ova and protozoan cysts. For the diagnosis of coccidian protozoa, the modified Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen was used. Trichrome staining was also performed in ambiguous cases. The cellophane tape method was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis egg. The prevalence of intestinal parasites was evaluated with respect to age, gender and the months in which cases were seen. RESULTS: One or more parasites were found in 195 of the 2686 stool samples. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection rate was 7.3%, and of these patients, 57.95% were female and 42.05% male. Predominant parasites were Giardia intestinalis 3.23%, followed by Entamoeba coli 2.34%, Entamoeba histolytica 0.59%, and Strongyloides stercoralis 0.44%. Enterobius vermicularis eggs were detected by the cellophane tape method in 80 (12.08%) out of 622 patients. The proportion of individuals infected with one parasite was 85.4%, two parasites 12.6%, and three parasites 2.0%. The age group 10-19 years had the highest prevalence of parasites and was predominantly infected with G. Intestinalis (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results of this study emphasized that, even in the Bursa Province with a relatively high level of social hygiene, intestinal parasitic infections are still an important public health problem.

[Cystic echinococcosis in Turkey from 2001-2005]. / Türkiye'de 2001-2005 Yillari Arasinda Kistik Ekinokokkozis.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) caused by the metacestode form of Echinococcus granulosus is a major public health problem especially in animal-raising regions of the world. In the present study, CE cases were determined during 2001-2005 by investigating different hospital and health directorship documents and Health Ministry documents, retrospectively. Our results show that there were 2534 (13.13%) cases in the Marmara region; 2114 (16.94%), in the Aegean region; 2578 (16.09%), Mediterranean region; 5404 (38.57%), in the Middle Anatolian region; 428 (5.70%), in the Black Sea region; 844 (6.80%), in the eastern Anatolian region; and 887 (2.75%), in the southeastern Anatolian region making a total of 14,789 CE cases. Finally, it has been determined that the patients were hospitalized for a total of 149,464 days.