Quality of life on hemodialysis and inflammation: a descriptive analysis.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is highly prevalent worldwide. Patients with CKD on hemodialysis are more likely to present behavioral changes and worse quality of life as a result of their routine and complications. They also have higher levels of cytokines. The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between the inflammatory profile and quality of life measured by KDOQL-SF36 in hemodialysis outpatients. Patients older than 21 years of age and on routine hemodialysis for at least 6 months with treatment on a regular weekly basis were included and their anthropometric parameters and serum inflammatory markers were evaluated. Thirty patients consented to participate. Homocysteine (Hcy) levels were correlated with worse glomerular filtration rate (GFR; P=0.003) and creatinine (P=0.002). IL-6 was not correlated with worse nutritional status taking into account body mass index (BMI; kg/m2; P=0.83). On the other hand, TNF-alpha was positively correlated with albumin (P=0.008), nutritional status by BMI (P=0.04), and nutritional status by arm circumference area (P=0.04). IL-6 was correlated with activity limitation (P=0.02) and Hcy with work status (P=0.04). Hcy was correlated with nutritional status and inflammatory markers. In this population, the majority of the sections in KDOQL-SF36 were not correlated with cytokines levels.

Survinin expression in patients with breast cancer during chemotherapy.

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer worldwide and the first among women. If early diagnosed and treated, this disease has a good prognosis. However, it is believed that 90 % of all patients who have had cancer died due to metastatic disease, which highlights the need for a marker which allows the detection of latent cancer cells spread from the primary tumor. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression of survinin in peripheral blood of patients with breast cancer at diagnosis and during chemotherapy aiming correlation with minimal residual disease, clinical and pathological findings. The study included 40 patients with breast cancer and 12 healthy donors as a comparison group. Survinin expression was verified by real-time PCR. For diagnosis, survinin expression cutoff point was 1.05; considering this cutoff point, we obtained a test sensitivity of 85.3 %, specificity of 75.0 %, positive predictive value of 90.6 %, negative predictive value of 64.3 %, and accuracy of 82.6 %. There was statistical significance between groups (patients × control group), presenting to patients a significantly higher value than the control group (p < 0.001). Patients that presented at the diagnosis a survinin gene expression ≥ 1.05 are 17 times more likely to develop metastatic disease.

Assessment of swim-up and discontinuous density gradient in sperm sex preselection for bovine embryo production / Avaliação do swim-up e do gradiente descontinuo de densidade na pré-seleção do sexo de espermatozoides na produção de embriões bovinos

The purpose of this work was to associate the modified swim-up method with centrifugation in density gradient for the separation of X-bearing spermatozoa. Sperm viability and integrity were evaluated through the Trypan Blue/Giemsa staining method. Quality control of centrifuged spermatozoa was performed in in vitro produced embryos. The results were validated by the sex ratio of in vitro produced embryos using PCR by Y- specific sequences present in bovine male genomic DNA. After determining genetic sex of in vitro produced embryos, the results showed difference (P<0.05) in deviation of sex ratio when comparing the control group (45.2% females) with the other spermatozoa selection procedures (60.6% females) (P<0.05). The sperm selection methods are capable of selecting X-bearing spermatozoa without compromising the spermatozoa fertility (cleavage and blastocyst rates, 70% and 26%, respectively) and were considered relevant methods to be introduced in bovine in vitro produced embryo programs.

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi associar o método de swim-up modificado à centrifugação em gradiente de densidade para a separação de espermatozoides portadores do cromossomo X. A viabilidade e a integridade espermática foram avaliadas pelo método de coloração Azul de Tripan e Giemsa. O controle de qualidade dos espermatozoides centrifugados foi realizado por meio da produção in vitro de embriões bovinos. Os resultados foram validados pela técnica de PCR para verificar a proporção sexual dos embriões produzidos in vitro, com o uso de sequências Y especificas presente no DNA genômico de machos bovinos. Após determinar o sexo genético dos embriões produzidos in vitro, os resultados não mostraram diferença (P<0,05) no desvio da proporção do sexo quando comparou o grupo controle (45,2% de fêmeas) com os outros processos de seleção de espermatozoides (60,6% de fêmeas) (P<0,05). Os métodos de seleção de espermatozoides são capazes de selecionar espermatozoides portadores do cromossomo X sem comprometer a fertilidade, medida pelas taxas de clivagem e blastocisto de 70% e 26%, respectivamente, e foram considerados métodos de relevância para serem introduzidos nos programas de produção in vitro de embriões bovinos.

Validação comparativa utilizando PCR quantitativo em tempo real (qPCR) e PCR convencional de sêmen bovino centrifugado em gradiente de densidade contínuo / Comparative validation using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and conventional PCR of bovine semen centrifuged in continuous density gradient

The objective of the present study was to determine the sperm enrichment with X-bearing spermatozoa, after one centrifugation in a Percoll or OptiPrep continuous density gradient, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) of sperm DNA and resultant in vitro-produced bovine embryos by PCR. Frozen/thawed sperm was layered on density gradients and the tubes were centrifuged. Supernatants were gently aspirated and the sperm recovered from the bottom of the tubes. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were determined through in vitro production of embryos and PCR was performed to identify the embryos' genetic sex. A difference in blastocyst rate was found in the Percoll treatment compared to OptiPrep (P<0.05). The percentage of female embryos in the Percoll and OptiPrep groups was 62.0 percent and 47.1 percent, respectively. These results were confirmed by qPCR of spermatozoa DNA and underestimation was seen only in the Percoll group. It was possible to sexing sperm using simple approach.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar o enriquecimento de espermatozoides portadores do cromossomo X após a centrifugação em gradiente de densidade contínuo de Percoll ou OptiPrep, utilizando reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa em tempo real (qPCR) do DNA do espermatozoide e dos embriões bovinos produzidos in vitro resultantes pela PCR convencional. Espermatozoides descongelado foram depositados em gradientes de densidade e os tubos foram centrifugados. Os sobrenadantes foram gentilmente aspirados e os espermatozoides recuperados do fundo dos tubos. As taxas de clivagem e de blastocisto foram determinadas pela produção in vitro de embriões e a PCR foi realizada para a identificação genética do sexo dos embriões. Verificou-se diferença na taxa de blastocistos entre os grupos Percoll e OptiPrep (P<0,05). A porcentagem de embriões de fêmeas nos grupos Percoll e OptiPrep foi de 62,0 por cento e 47,1 por cento, respectivamente. Estes resultados foram confirmados pela qPCR do DNA de espermatozoides e uma subestimação foi observada no grupo do gradiente de densidade de Percoll. Foi possível a sexagem de espermatozoides utilizando uma metodologia simples.