Different autochthonous models of colorectal cancer in the rat.

Chemically induced (autochthonous) tumors in the rodent are thought to be the best models at hand to obtain results transferable to the clinical situation. Four different autochthonous tumor models: 1,2-dimethylhydrazine, N-methylnitrosourea (MNU), N-methyl-N-nitro-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), and N-nitroso-acetoxymethyl-methylamine (AMMN) which are used worldwide for etiological and therapy studies of colon cancer are compared for tumor biology and clinical relevance. The four tumor models of colon carcinoma described in the rat are different in growth, invasion, and metastases. The choice of the selected tumor model for experimental investigations of colon cancer should depend on the clinical question.

[Treatment of Stewart-Treves syndrome]. / Die Behandlung des Stewart-Treves-Syndrom.

The Stewart-Treves syndrome is the most dangerous complication of chronic lymphedema following mastectomy. Prognosis is poor. In the world literature 278 cases are described. At the Surgical Clinic of the University of Heidelberg 3 cases of Stewart-Treves syndrome have been treated so far. Decisive for the prognosis of this fast growing tumor of high malignancy is early detection and initiation of therapy. The only curative therapy seems to be radical surgery in the form of interthoracic scapular exarticulation of the arm at an early stage of this disease. Radio- and chemotherapy offer palliation in advanced tumor stage.

[Diagnosis and therapy of lateral ligament rupture of the upper ankle joint]. / Diagnostik und Therapie der lateralen Bandruptur am oberen Sprunggelenk.

Symptoms, diagnosis and therapy of the ligaments at the malleolus lateralis are demonstrated. It is only the x-ray examination in fixed talar drawer position that enables exclusion of an instability with certainty. Hence, we may infer that every distorsion of the articulation must be x-rayed in talar drawer position to make sure that no rupture of the ligaments is omitted. Posttraumatic weak ankle due to neglected rupture of the fibular collateral ligaments can be avoided by suturing the rupture and fixation by plaster. Indications for surgery are: 1. considerable instability of the ankle joint compared with the healthy side, 2. a suspected covering of one periosteum or ligament as an interposition. 3. a suspected lesion of the cartilage or "flake fracture".

Chemotherapeutic studies on N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine-and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colonic tumors in rats: monotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, CGP 6809, and CGP 15'720A.

Colonic tumors were induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by ten applications of 2 mg/kg/week N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine (AMMN) or by three applications of 100 mg/kg/month 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (1,2-DMH). Application of AMMN and 1,2-DMH induced selective colonic tumors in 97% and 29-42% of the initial animals, respectively. Colonic-tumor-bearing animals were subjected to monotherapy with 5-fluorouracil, ftorafur, CGP 6809, and CGP 15'720A. No cures were achieved. The different therapies did not exert any clear influence on the survival time of animals, except for animals pretreated with AMMN and then subjected to ftorafur therapy.

Endoscopic diagnosis of chemically induced autochthonous colonic tumors in rats.

The suitability of using coloscopy as a diagnostic method is investigated with respect to colonic carcinomas induced locally by the administration of N-nitrosoacetoxymethyl-methylamine, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, and methylnitro-nitrosoguanidine, or systemically by subcutaneous injection of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine in Sprague-Dawley rats. The endoscopic diagnostic examination proved to be clearly superior to methods of animal inspection, palpation, investigation for occult blood and exploratory laparotomy which have so far been employed in animal experiments with small rodents. The relevance of this method is discussed for the early detection of chemically induced colonic tumors, and the observation of tumor development under experimental cytostatic therapy.

[Anti-oestrogen treatment of metastasising carcinoma of the breast (author's transl)]. / Antiöstrogene Therapie des metastasierenden Mammakarzinoms. Vier Jahre Erfahrung mit Tamoxifen

Within a period of four years 35 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with tamoxifen. One third had objective remissions, average duration of complete remission being 30.6 months and of partial remission 13.7 months. Mean survival time from start of tamoxifen treatment in five patients with complete remission was 30.6 months while in seven with partial remission it was 20.4 months. Nine patients with unresponsive metastases had a mean survival time of 24.3 months, the remaining 14 patients who deteriorated surviving for 11.7 months. Ten of the 12 patients who responded well were over 60 years old. Lymph-node and lung or pleural metastases were significantly reduced by treatment in four of eight and six of 15 cases, respectively. Satisfactory regression of bony metastases was never seen. Because of this, combined tamoxifen (10 mg twice daily) and methandrostenolone (1 mg twice daily) was given to an additional five patients, with one of them responding. Side effects included thrombocytopenia and hypercalcaemia.