RESUMO
The total synthesis of (-)-antrocin and its enantiomer are presented. Antrocin (-)-1 is an important natural product which acts as an antiproliferative agent in a metastatic breast cancer cell line (IC50: 0.6 µM). The key features of this synthesis are: (a) selective anti-addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to α,ß-unsaturated ketone; (b) resolution of (±)-7 using chiral auxiliary L-dimethyl tartrate through formation of cyclic ketal diastereomers followed by simple column chromatography separation and acid hydrolysis; (c) substrate-controlled stereoselective aldol condensation of (+)-12 with monomeric formaldehyde and pyridinium chlorochromate (PCC) oxidation for synthesis of essential lactone core in (-)-14; and (d) non-basic Lombardo olefination of the carbonyl at the final step to yield (-)-antrocin. In addition, (+)-9 cyclic ketal diastereomer was converted to (+)-antrocin with similar reaction sequences.
Assuntos
Produtos Biológicos/síntese química , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Lactonas/síntese química , Sesquiterpenos/síntese química , Produtos Biológicos/química , Produtos Biológicos/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Cianetos/síntese química , Cianetos/química , Feminino , Humanos , Lactonas/química , Lactonas/farmacologia , Metástase Neoplásica , Sesquiterpenos/química , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Estereoisomerismo , Tartaratos/síntese química , Tartaratos/química , Compostos de Trimetilsilil/síntese química , Compostos de Trimetilsilil/químicaRESUMO
Antrodia camphorata is an expensive mushroom that grows on the inner cavity of an endangered native tree of Taiwan namely Cinnamomum kanehirai Hayata. It is used as a traditional medicine in Taiwan and has several health benefits including free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and free radical-induced DNA damage protecting activities. Antroquinonol is a tetrahydro ubiquinone derivative found predominately in the mycelium of Antrodia camphorata, and is characterized by numerous biological and pharmacological activities. Several studies have revealed potential anticancer effects of antroquinonol in various carcinogenic models. Moreover, a phase II clinical trial is ongoing in the US and Taiwan to treat the lung cancer patients with this active compound. The present review aims at depicting a detailed view of the synthetic procedures of antroquinonol as well as deciphering its potential health benefits with a special emphasis on anticancer properties.