Patients hospitalized with active tuberculosis and Covid-19 coinfection: A matched case-control from the Brazilian Covid-19 Registry.

Although control of Covid-19 has improved, the virus continues to cause infections, such as tuberculosis, that is still endemic in many countries, representing a scenario of coinfection. To compare Covid-19 clinical manifestations and outcomes between patients with active tuberculosis infection and matched controls. This is a matched case-control study based on data from the Brazilian Covid-19 Registry, in hospitalized patients aged 18 or over with laboratory confirmed Covid-19 from March 1, 2020, to March 31, 2022. Cases were patients with tuberculosis and controls were Covid-19 patients without tuberculosis. From 13,636 Covid-19, 36 also had active tuberculosis (0.0026%). Pulmonary fibrosis (5.6% vs 0.0%), illicit drug abuse (30.6% vs 3.0%), alcoholism (33.3% vs 11.9%) and smoking (50.0% vs 9.7%) were more common among patients with tuberculosis. They also had a higher frequency of nausea and vomiting (25.0% vs 10.4%). There were no significant differences in in-hospital mortality, mechanical ventilation, need for dialysis and ICU stay. Patients with TB infection presented a higher frequency of pulmonary fibrosis, abuse of illicit drugs, alcoholism, current smoking, symptoms of nausea and vomiting. The outcomes were similar between them.

Myocardial protection: comparing histological effects of single-dose cardioplegic solutions-study protocol for a secondary analysis of the CARDIOPLEGIA trial.

Background: Myocardial protection is crucial for successful cardiac surgery, as it prevents heart muscle damage that can occur during the procedure. Prolonged hypoxia without proper protection can lead to adenosine triphosphate consumption, microvilli loss, blister formation, and edema. Custodiol, del Nido, and modified del Nido are single-dose cardioplegic solutions with proven safety and significance in modern surgery. While each has been independently assessed for patient outcomes, limited research directly compares them. This study aims to compare their myocardial protection using histological analysis. Methods: In a double-blind clinical trial, at least 90 patients will be randomly assigned to receive one of the three cardioplegic solutions. Myocardial biopsies will be collected before cardiopulmonary bypass and 15 minutes after reperfusion. The surgical, anesthetic and perfusion techniques will be the same for all patients, following the Institution's standard protocols. Discussion: The ideal cardioplegic solution does not exist, and its selection remains challenging for surgeons. In modern surgical practice, understanding the behavior of these solutions and the ischemic tissue damage caused during induced cardiac arrest allows for safer surgical procedures. The results of this clinical trial can help in understanding the behavior of cardioplegic solutions and their tissue effects. Thus, by selecting the best cardioplegic solution, ischemic damage can be minimized, enhancing the effectiveness of this essential technique in cardiac procedures. The study may aid in implementing clinical protocols in several institutions, aiming to choose the solution with a superior myocardial protection profile, increasing safety, and reducing expenses. Trial Registration: Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry (ReBEC, http://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/): RBR-997tqhh. Registered: January 26th, 2022.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-manifested COVID-19 among Brazilians.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients with the hospital- versus community-manifested COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk factors related to mortality in the first population. METHODS: This retrospective cohort included consecutive adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized between March and September 2020. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 (study group) and those with community-manifested COVID-19 (control group) were matched by the propensity score model. Logistic regression models were used to verify the risk factors for mortality in the study group. RESULTS: Among 7,710 hospitalized patients who had COVID-19, 7.2% developed symptoms while admitted for other reasons. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of cancer (19.2% vs 10.8%) and alcoholism (8.8% vs 2.8%) than patients with community-manifested COVID-19 and also had a higher rate of intensive care unit requirement (45.1% vs 35.2%), sepsis (23.8% vs 14.5%), and death (35.8% vs 22.5%) (P <0.05 for all). The factors independently associated with increased mortality in the study group were increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer. CONCLUSION: Hospital-manifested COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality. Increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer were independent predictors of mortality among those with hospital-manifested COVID-19 disease.

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves

Abstract Objective To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group.

Dados de Vida Real sobre o Uso da Hidroxicloroquina ou da Cloroquina Combinadas ou Não à Azitromicina em Pacientes com Covid-19: Uma Análise Retrospectiva no Brasil / Real-Life Data on Hydroxychloroquine or Chloroquine with or Without Azithromycin in COVID-19 Patients: A Retrospective Analysis in Brazil

Resumo Fundamento Apesar da ausência de evidência mostrando benefícios da hidroxicloroquina e da cloroquina combinadas ou não à azitromicina no tratamento da covid-19, esses medicamentos têm sido amplamente prescritos no Brasil. Objetivos Avaliar desfechos, incluindo moralidade hospitalar, alterações eletrocardiográficas, tempo de internação, admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva, e necessidade de diálise e de ventilação mecânica em pacientes hospitalizados com covid-19 que receberam cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina, e comparar os desfechos entre aqueles pacientes e seus controles pareados. Métodos Estudo multicêntrico retrospectivo do tipo coorte que incluiu pacientes com diagnóstico laboratorial de covid-19 de 37 hospitais no Brasil de março a setembro de 2020. Escore de propensão foi usado para selecionar controles pareados quanto a idade, sexo, comorbidades cardiovasculares, e uso de corticosteroides durante a internação. Um valor de p<0,05 foi considerado estatisticamente significativo. Resultados Dos 7850 pacientes com covid-19, 673 (8,6%) receberam hidroxicloroquina e 67 (0,9%) cloroquina. A idade mediana no grupo de estudo foi 60 (46-71) anos e 59,1% eram mulheres. Durante a internação, 3,2% dos pacientes apresentaram efeitos adversos e 2,2% necessitaram de interromper o tratamento. Alterações eletrocardiográficas foram mais prevalentes no grupo hidroxicloroquina/cloroquina (13,2% vs. 8,2%, p=0,01), e o prolongamento do intervalo QT corrigido foi a principal diferença (3,6% vs. 0,4%, p<0,001). O tempo mediano de internação hospitalar foi maior no grupo usando CQ/HCQ em relação aos controles (9,0 [5,0-18,0] vs. 8,0 [4,0-14,0] dias). Não houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quanto a admissão na unidade de terapia intensiva (35,1% vs. 32,0%; p=0,282), ventilação mecânica invasiva (27,0% vs. 22,3%; p=0,074) ou mortalidade (18,9% vs. 18,0%; p=0,682). Conclusão Pacientes com covid-19 tratados com cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina apresentaram maior tempo de internação hospitalar, em comparação aos controles. Não houve diferença em relação a admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva, necessidade de ventilação mecânica e mortalidade hospitalar.

Abstract Background Despite no evidence showing benefits of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine with or without azithromycin for COVID-19 treatment, these medications have been largely prescribed in Brazil. Objectives To assess outcomes, including in-hospital mortality, electrocardiographic abnormalities, hospital length-of-stay, admission to the intensive care unit, and need for dialysis and mechanical ventilation, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients who received chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, and to compare outcomes between those patients and their matched controls. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study that included consecutive laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients from 37 Brazilian hospitals from March to September 2020. Propensity score was used to select matching controls by age, sex, cardiovascular comorbidities, and in-hospital use of corticosteroid. A p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results From 7,850 COVID-19 patients, 673 (8.6%) received hydroxychloroquine and 67 (0.9%) chloroquine. The median age in the study group was 60 years (46 - 71) and 59.1% were women. During hospitalization, 3.2% of patients presented side effects and 2.2% required therapy discontinuation. Electrocardiographic abnormalities were more prevalent in the chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine group (13.2% vs. 8.2%, p=0.01), and the long corrected QT interval was the main difference (3.6% vs. 0.4%, p<0.001). The median hospital length of stay was longer in the HCQ/CQ + AZT group than in controls (9.0 [5.0, 18.0] vs. 8.0 [4.0, 14.0] days). There was no statistical differences between groups in intensive care unit admission (35.1% vs. 32.0%; p=0.282), invasive mechanical ventilation support (27.0% vs. 22.3%; p=0.074) or mortality (18.9% vs. 18.0%; p=0.682). Conclusion COVID-19 patients treated with chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine had a longer hospital length of stay, when compared to matched controls. Intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, dialysis and in-hospital mortality were similar.

Revisão de remuneração do SUS para linha de cuidado do AVC isquêmico por meio de microcusteio / Review of SUS remuneration for ischemic stroke care line through micro-costing

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é medir o custo assistencial por paciente e revisar o ressarcimento do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na linha de cuidado de acidente vascular cerebral isquêmico (AVCi). Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, com 24 pacientes na amostra, na unidade de referência na instituição para tratamento de AVC, no período de novembro/2019 a dezembro/2019. O método utilizado para apuração de custos foi o custeio baseado em atividade e tempo (TDABC), no qual os custos são coletados focando o paciente e os cuidados dispensados durante a assistência. A perspectiva do estudo é a do prestador de serviços do SUS, que se concentrou na avaliação de custos. Foram realizadas as análises de custo total por paciente, componente de custo, custo e tempo por fase na linha de cuidado, custo médio diário e custo médio diário do SUS. Resultados: O custo médio do paciente com AVCi auferido pelo método TDABC é de R$ 14.079,70, sendo a sua maioria justificada em custos de estrutura da unidade de AVC. A atividade com mais custos foi a unidade de AVC e realização de exames. Conclusões: Foi identificado no estudo que os principais contribuintes para a geração de custos na linha de cuidado são as atividades que demandam mais tempo, os medicamentos dispensados e os exames denominados de "alto custo" realizados. Os custos reais aferidos em relação ao ressarcimento previsto pelo SUS e estabelecimentos de saúde credenciados neste estudo demonstram que apenas 39% do custo real está coberto pelo SUS no AVCi.

Objective: The objective of the study is to measure the cost of care per patient and review the SUS reimbursement in the ischemic stroke (CVA) line of care. Methods: A prospective study, 24 patients in the sample at the reference unit at the institution for the treatment of stroke from November/2019 to December/2019. The method used to calculate costs was activity and timebased costing (TDABC), in which costs are collected focusing on the patient and the care provided during care. The perspective of the study is that of the SUS service provider who focused on cost assessment. Analyzes of total cost per patient, per cost component, cost and time per phase in the care line, average daily cost and average daily SUS cost were performed. Results: The average cost of a patient with ischemic stroke earned by the TDABC method is R$ 14,079.70, most of which are justified in the cost of the structure of the stroke unit. The activity with the most costs was the stroke unit and examinations. Conclusions: The main contributors to the generation of cost in the care line were identified in the study: the activities that demand more time, the medicines dispensed, and the so-called "high cost" tests performed. The real costs measured in relation to the reimbursement provided by the SUS and accredited health establishments in this study demonstrate that only 39% of the real cost is covered by the SUS in Ischemic Stroke.

Predictors of venous thromboembolism in COVID-19 patients: results of the COVID-19 Brazilian Registry.

Previous studies that assessed risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients have shown inconsistent results. Our aim was to investigate VTE predictors by both logistic regression (LR) and machine learning (ML) approaches, due to their potential complementarity. This cohort study of a large Brazilian COVID-19 Registry included 4120 COVID-19 adult patients from 16 hospitals. Symptomatic VTE was confirmed by objective imaging. LR analysis, tree-based boosting, and bagging were used to investigate the association of variables upon hospital presentation with VTE. Among 4,120 patients (55.5% men, 39.3% critical patients), VTE was confirmed in 6.7%. In multivariate LR analysis, obesity (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.11-2.02); being an ex-smoker (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.03-2.01); surgery ≤ 90 days (OR 2.20, 95% CI 1.14-4.23); axillary temperature (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.22-1.63); D-dimer ≥ 4 times above the upper limit of reference value (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.26-3.67), lactate (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.02-1.19), C-reactive protein levels (CRP, OR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18); and neutrophil count (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.005-1.075) were independent predictors of VTE. Atrial fibrillation, peripheral oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction (SF) ratio and prophylactic use of anticoagulants were protective. Temperature at admission, SF ratio, neutrophil count, D-dimer, CRP and lactate levels were also identified as predictors by ML methods. By using ML and LR analyses, we showed that D-dimer, axillary temperature, neutrophil count, CRP and lactate levels are risk factors for VTE in COVID-19 patients.

Conventional Versus Minimally Invasive Aortic Valve Replacement Surgery: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression.

Objective: To assess the potential benefits of minimally invasive aortic valve replacement (MIAVR) compared with conventional AVR (CAVR) by examining short-term outcomes. Methods: A systematic search identified randomized trials comparing MIAVR with CAVR. To assess study limitations and quality of evidence, we used the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE and performed random-effects meta-analysis. We used meta-regression and sensitivity analysis to explore reasons for diversity. Results: Thirteen studies (1,303 patients) were included. For the comparison of MIAVR and CAVR, the risk of bias was judged low or unclear and the quality of evidence ranged from very low to moderate. No significant difference was observed in mortality, stroke, acute kidney failure, infectious outcomes, cardiac events, intubation time, intensive care unit stay, reoperation for bleeding, and blood transfusions. Blood loss (mean difference [MD] = -130.58 mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -216.34 to -44.82, I2 = 89%) and hospital stay (MD = -0.93 days, 95% CI = -1.62 to -0.23, I2 = 81%) were lower with MIAVR. There were shorter aortic cross-clamp (MD = 5.99 min, 95% CI = 0.99 to 10.98, I2 = 93%) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) times (MD = 7.75 min, 95% CI = 0.27 to 15.24, I2 = 94%) in the CAVR group. In meta-regression analysis, we found that age was the variable with the greatest influence on heterogeneity. Conclusions: MIAVR seems to be an excellent alternative to CAVR, reducing hospital stay and incidence of hemorrhagic events. Despite significantly greater aortic cross-clamp and CPB times with MIAVR, this did not translate into adverse effects, with no changes in the results found with CAVR.

Protocolos de triagem avançada no serviço de emergência: revisão sistemática e metanálise / Advanced triage protocols in the emergency department: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Protocolos de triage avanzado en el servicio de emergencia: revisión sistemática y metaanálisis

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a efetividade do uso de protocolos de triagem avançada no tempo de permanência, segurança e satisfação dos pacientes e profissionais no serviço de emergência. Método Revisão sistemática com metanálise de ensaios clínicos randomizados das bases de dados Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library e literatura cinza, utilizando o Review Manager 5.4. Foram incluídos estudos que analisaram tempo de permanência em seus desfechos e excluídos estudos que consideraram outros protocolos de triagem. Resultados Foram encontrados 26.672 estudos, revisados por pares, e dez foram incluídos na metanálise. Para tempo de permanência dos pacientes, sete estudos foram incluídos na metanálise (n=8.229), mostrando uma redução de 36 minutos (-0,36[-0,55; -0,17] p=0,002), resultado com baixa certeza de evidências, favorável à intervenção, variando entre -0,53(-0,81; - 0,25) e -0,29(-0,50; -0,07) na análise dos subgrupos. Quanto aos exames solicitados, cinco estudos foram incluídos (n=2270), indicando que não há diferença significativa entre os grupos (odds ratio 0,94 [0,64;1,38]). Quatro estudos (n=6094) analisaram a satisfação dos pacientes e profissionais, apontando um resultado favorável à intervenção. Conclusão O protocolo de triagem avançada reduziu o tempo de permanência na emergência sem comprometer a segurança e a qualidade do atendimento, embora sejam necessários mais estudos clínicos randomizados sobre o tema. Registrado na PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).

Abstract Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of using advanced triage protocols on the length of stay, safety and satisfaction of the patients and professionals in the emergency department. Method A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials included in the Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library databases and in the gray literature, using Review Manager 5.4. Studies that analyzed length of stay in their outcomes were included and the studies excluded were those that considered other triage protocols. Results 26,672 peer-reviewed studies were found and ten were included in the meta-analysis. For the patients' length of stay, seven studies were included in the meta-analysis (n=8,229), showing a 36-minute reduction (-0.36[-0.55;-0.17] p=0.002), a result with low certainty of evidence, favorable to the intervention, varying between -0.53 (-0.81;- 0.25) and -0.29 (-0.50;-0.07) in the analysis of the subgroups. Regarding the exams requested, five studies were included (n=2,270), indicating that there is no significant difference between the groups (odds ratio 0.94 [0.64;1.38]). Four studies (n=6,094) analyzed the patients' and the professionals' satisfaction, indicating a favorable result to the intervention. Conclusion The advanced triage protocol reduced length of stay in the emergency room without compromising care safety and quality, although more randomized clinical studies on the theme are needed. Registered in PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la efectividad del uso de protocolos de triage avanzado en la duración de la estancia, seguridad y satisfacción de los pacientes y profesionales en el servicio de emergencia. Método Revisión sistemática con metaanálisis de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de las bases de datos Embase, BVS, PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library y de la literatura gris, utilizando Review Manager 5.4. Se incluyeron los estudios que analizaron la duración de la estancia en sus resultados y se excluyeron los estudios que consideraron otros protocolos de triage. Resultados Se encontraron 26.672 estudios, fueron revisados por pares y diez se incluyeron en el metaanálisis. Para la duración de la estancia de los pacientes, se incluyeron siete estudios en el metaanálisis (n=8.229), que muestran una reducción de 36 minutos (-0,36 [-0,55; -0,17] p=0,002), un resultado con baja certeza de la evidencia, favorable a la intervención, que osciló entre -0,53(-0,81;-0,25) y -0,29(-0,50;-0,07) en el análisis de los subgrupos. En cuanto a las pruebas solicitadas, se incluyeron cinco estudios (n=2270) que indican que no hay diferencia significativa entre los grupos (odds ratio 0,94 [0,64; 1,38]). Cuatro estudios (n=6094) analizaron la satisfacción de los pacientes y profesionales e indican que la intervención tuvo un resultado favorable. Conclusión El protocolo de triage avanzado redujo la estancia en el servicio de emergencia sin comprometer la seguridad y la calidad de la atención, aunque es necesario que se realicen más ensayos clínicos aleatorizados sobre el tema. Registrado en PROSPERO (CRD42019142640).

Comparison between Custodiol, del Nido and modified del Nido in the myocardial protection - Cardioplegia Trial: a study protocol for a randomised, double-blind clinical trial.

INTRODUCTION: Myocardial protection is essential for successful cardiac surgery, and the search for an ideal cardioplegic solution has continued since its beginning. In this context, Custodiol, del Nido and modified del Nido are single-dose cardioplegic solutions with good safety profiles and great relevance in modern surgical practice. While these solutions have all been evaluated for their impact on patient outcomes independently, limited research exists comparing them directly. Thus, the present study aims to examine the effects of these cardioplegic solutions on myocardial protection and clinical outcomes in adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The assessment of the increase in myocardial injury biomarkers in patients submitted to all treatment methods may be considered a major strength of our study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This is a clinical trial study protocol that will compare myocardial protection and clinical outcomes among three patient groups based on which cardioplegic solution was used. Patients will be randomised to receive del Nido (n=30), modified del Nido (n=30) or Custodiol (n=30). Myocardial injury biomarkers will be measured at the baseline and 2 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours after the cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical outcomes will be assessed during the trans operative period and the intensive care unit stay, in addition to other haematological parameters. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol and its related documents were approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Brazil, registered under no. 4.029.545. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal in the related field. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: RBR-7g5s66.

Effects of Black Wattle (Acacia mearnsii) Condensed Tannins on Intake, Protozoa Population, Ruminal Fermentation, and Nutrient Digestibility in Jersey Steers.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of condensed tannins (CT) from black wattle (Acacia mearnsii) on feed intake, ruminal protozoa population, ruminal fermentation, and nutrient digestibility in Jersey steers. Five ruminally-cannulated steers were used in a 5x5 Latin square design, with five periods of 20 days each (14 days for diet adaptation and six days for sample collection per period). Treatments were composed of dietary inclusion levels of condensed tannins at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 g/kg of diet dry matter. Intakes of dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrients were not affected by condensed tannins. The ruminal pH was reduced linearly with tannin levels. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration was not affected by tannins. Tannins reduced the molar proportion of acetate and did not affect the ruminal protozoal population, which might be related to the low doses used. Digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, and neutral detergent fiber were not altered; however, there was a linear reduction in crude protein digestibility. Based on these results, CT extracts from black wattle are not recommended for improving nutrient utilization in steers at the tested levels.

Efficacy of low-level laser for treatment of cancer oral mucositis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Review effectiveness of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in the curative treatment of oral mucositis (OM) in patients receiving cancer therapy. A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed using Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases according to PRISMA guidelines, to identify randomized controlled trials (RCT) on OM in patients during and/or after cancer therapy and in which the therapeutic approach was LLLT, with wavelengths between 632 and 970 nm. We considered grade of OM as a dichotomous variable (such as an improvement or not in severe OM on the seventh day of therapy), with the analysis of subgroups of adult patients or children and adolescents and as a continuous variable with determination of the time for the complete resolution and the subgroup analysis occurred with the strata of the samples by treatment only with chemotherapy or chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This paper's protocol was registered a priori at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO . We found five RCT (total of 315 patients) with adequate methodology. LLLT was effective, presenting a 62% risk reduction of severe mucositis on the seventh day of evaluation (RR = 0.38 [95% CI, 0.19-0.75]). When we analyzed subgroups, RR was 0.28 (95% CI 0.17-0.46) in the adult studies and 0.90 (95% CI, 0.46-1.78) in the studies with children and adolescents. We demonstrated a mean reduction of 4.21 days in the time of complete resolution of OM (CI - 5.65 to - 2.76) in favor of LLLT. There is moderate evidence that LLLT is effective in resolving OM lesions in adult patients undergoing cancer therapy. LLLT demonstrates potential for decreasing the resolution time of OM lesions by approximately 4.21 days.

Vacina contra HPV: a cura do câncer de colo uterino? / HPV vaccine: the cure of cervical cancer?

Introdução: A infecção por papilomavírus humano (HPV) de alto risco é um fator necessário na carcinogênese cervical. Os subtipos 16 e 18 causam aproximadamente 70% desta neoplasia. Métodos: Revisões da literatura sobre o impacto da vacinação contra o HPV na incidência do câncer de colo de útero. Resultados: Observamos que a vacina contra o HPV está consolidada e sua implementação nas redes de saúde pública tem se tornado prioridade, proporcionando redução de complicações da infecção pelo HPV. Conclusão: Há evidência da ação protetora da vacina contra o HPV em lesões precursoras de câncer de colo de útero. O efeito protetor e a resposta anticorpo-induzida são maior nas crianças menores de 15 anos. O impacto da imunidade coletiva gerada pela vacinação de ambos os sexos tem sugerido a ampliação dos programas de vacinação para que a dinâmica da transmissão sexual seja interrompida e o HPV de alto risco erradicado.

Introduction: High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a necessary factor in cervical carcinogenesis. Subtypes 16 and 18 cause approximately 70% of this neoplasm. Methods: Literature reviews on the impact of HPV vaccination on the incidence of cervical cancer. Results: We observed that the HPV vaccine is consolidated and its implementation in public health networks has become a priority, reducing the complications of HPV infection. Conclusion: There is evidence of the protective action of the HPV vaccine in precursor cervical cancer lesions. The protective effect and the antibody- -induced response is greater in children younger than 15 years. The impact of the collective immunity generated by vaccination of both sexes has suggested the enlargement of the vaccination programs so that the dynamics of the sexual transmission is interrupted and the high-risk HPV eradicated.

Efetividade da terapia com laser de baixa dose para o tratamento da mucosite em pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effectiveness of low-dose laser therapy for the treatment of mucositis in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introdução: Um dos efeitos adversos da terapia anticâncer é a mucosite oral (MO) que apresenta complicações relevantes na qualidade de vida, como dor e dificuldades nutricionais. A laser terapia de baixa dose (LLLT) é uma das intervenções profiláticas e terapêuticas para a MO. Apesar de a LLLT ter um papel relevante na profilaxia da MO, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil ainda não dispõe da padronização desta tecnologia; bem como ainda faltam evidências mais robustas do seu papel curativo da MO. Objetivo: Investigar a efetividade da LLLT no tratamento curativo da MO em pacientes em oncoterapia. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática com metanálise foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA e usada para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados, com grupo controle, sobre MO provocada em pacientes durante e/ou após oncoterapia e a abordagem terapêutica se deu com LLLT, cujos comprimentos de onda estavam entre 632 e 970nm. O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no site https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, a priori. Resultados: Encontramos 5 estudos clínicos randomizados com um total de 315 pacientes, com metodologia adequada. Houve uma redução de 62% no risco de MO nos pacientes que receberam LLLT em comparação com o grupo controle (RR=0.38 [95% IC, 0.19 a 0.75]). Quando analisamos em subgrupos, o RR nos estudos com adultos foi 0.28 (IC 0.17 a 0.46) e de 0.90 (IC 0.46 a 1.78) nos estudos com crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: Identificou-se um pequeno número de estudos com a abordagem terapêutica da LLLT na MO; entretanto, nossa metanálise demonstrou que a estratégia de tratamento é efetiva em pacientes adultos. (AU)

Efetividade da terapia com laser de baixa dose para o tratamento da mucosite em pacientes oncológicos: uma revisão sistemática e metanálise / Effectiveness of low-dose laser therapy for the treatment of mucositis in cancer patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introdução: Um dos efeitos adversos da terapia anticâncer é a mucosite oral (MO) que apresenta complicações relevantes na qualidade de vida, como dor e dificuldades nutricionais. A laser terapia de baixa dose (LLLT) é uma das intervenções profiláticas e terapêuticas para a MO. Apesar de a LLLT ter um papel relevante na profilaxia da MO, o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Brasil ainda não dispõe da padronização desta tecnologia; bem como ainda faltam evidências mais robustas do seu papel curativo da MO. Objetivo: Investigar a efetividade da LLLT no tratamento curativo da MO em pacientes em oncoterapia. Métodos: Uma revisão sistemática com metanálise foi realizada nas bases de dados Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library de acordo com as diretrizes do PRISMA e usada para identificar ensaios clínicos randomizados, com grupo controle, sobre MO provocada em pacientes durante e/ou após oncoterapia e a abordagem terapêutica se deu com LLLT, cujos comprimentos de onda estavam entre 632 e 970nm. O protocolo desta revisão sistemática foi registrado no site https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, a priori. Resultados: Encontramos 5 estudos clínicos randomizados com um total de 315 pacientes, com metodologia adequada. Houve uma redução de 62% no risco de MO nos pacientes que receberam LLLT em comparação com o grupo controle (RR=0.38 [95% IC, 0.19 a 0.75]). Quando analisamos em subgrupos, o RR nos estudos com adultos foi 0.28 (IC 0.17 a 0.46) e de 0.90 (IC 0.46 a 1.78) nos estudos com crianças e adolescentes. Conclusão: Identificou-se um pequeno número de estudos com a abordagem terapêutica da LLLT na MO; entretanto, nossa metanálise demonstrou que a estratégia de tratamento é efetiva em pacientes adultos. (AU)

Tipologia de manejo de ordenha: análise de fatores de risco para a mastite subclínica / Typology of milking management: analysis of risk factors for subclinical mastitis

Apesar do volume de leite produzido, a qualidade da matéria-prima é um dos maiores entraves ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e à consolidação da indústria de laticínios no Brasil. Dentre os entraves, toma destaque a contagem de células somáticas do leite, que é o indicador mais usado em programas de controle e prevenção da mastite em todo o mundo. Com objetivo de identificar características no manejo de ordenha e quantificar fatores de risco que elevam a mastite subclínica e seus principais agentes causadores, realizou-se coleta de dados in loco em propriedades leiteiras na região Oeste do Paraná, coletas que consistiam na aplicação de dois questionários guia semi-estruturados, acompanhamento de uma ordenha e coleta de leite de três vacas que apresentassem o teste de CMT positivo. Com a utilização do método estatístico de análise de correspondência múltipla (ACM) chegou-se a um montante de 12 variáveis a serem estudadas e a formação das dimensões 1 e 2 com 28,54% e 21,06% da variância explicada respectivamente. Com a análise de classificação hierárquica ascendente permitiu reduzir o universo inicial de 112 vacas para quatro grupos homogêneos de produção (G1, G2, G3, G4). As características de manejo de ordenha: tipo de ordenha, secagem dos tetos antes da ordenha, tratamento para casos de mastite clínica, higiene das mãos do ordenhador e treinamento dos ordenadores foram identificados como fatores de risco para mastite subclínica com isolamento do agente Staphylococcus coagulase negativo, o qual foi o agente mais prevalente nos isolamentos microbiológicos das amostras de leite com mastite subclínica.(AU)

Despite the produced milk volume, its quality is one of the barriers for technological development and consolidation of the dairy industry in Brazil. Among the barriers is the milk somatic cell count, which is the indicator used in most control programs and prevention of mastitis. In order to identify characteristics in the management of milking and to quantify risk factors that increase subclinical mastitis and its main bacterial agents, data were collected in situ on dairy farms in western Paraná. The data collection consisted in the application of two questionnaires, in accompanying a milking procedure, and in collection of CMT positive milk samples from three cows. Using the statistical method of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) we came to a total of 12 variables to be studied, and to the formation of dimension 1 and 2 with respectively 28.54% and 21.06% of the explained variance. With the hierarchical ascending classification analysis it was possible to reduce the initial population of 112 cows to produce four homogeneous groups (G1, G2, G3, G4). The milking handling characteristics, as type of milking, drying teats before milking, treatment for cases of clinical mastitis, milker's hand hygiene and as training of officers, were identified as risk factors for subclinical mastitis with isolation of a coagulase negative Staphylococcus, which was the most prevalent agent in milk samples of subclinical mastitis.(AU)

Avaliação de intervenções de Gestão da Clínica na qualificação do cuidado e na oferta de leitos em um hospital público de grande porte / Evaluation of clinical governance interventions on qualification of care and supply of beds in a large public hospital

OBJETIVOS: Descrever os resultados alcançados em indicadores de desempenho hospitalar e na oferta de leitos com a estratégia de incorporação da Gestão da Clínica no processo assistencial da unidade de retaguarda do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado na unidade de retaguarda do Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, em Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. A unidade de retaguarda é um setor de internação de curta permanência (abaixo de 10 dias de internação) destinado a pacientes do setor de emergência do hospital. No período do estudo essa unidade possuía capacidade para 27 leitos. Foram adotadas como ferramentas da Gestão da Clínica a implantação de equipes de referência multiprofissionais e de rounds multidisciplinares, a instituição do sistema Kanban para monitoramento do tempo médio de permanência; a introdução do Projeto Terapêutico Singular por ocasião do ingresso do paciente no hospital (setor de emergência); e a regulação interna dos leitos pelo Núcleo Interno de Regulação. Os indicadores hospitalares número de internações, tempo médio de permanência, resolubilidade, taxa de mortalidade e índice de rotatividade foram comparados entre os anos 2015 (antes da implementação da estratégia Gestão da Clínica) e 2016 (após a implementação da estratégia). RESULTADOS: Após a introdução da Gestão da Clínica, houve aumento no número de internações de 1395 para 1537 ao ano. Ocorreram 1240 altas para o domicílio (média de 104 ao mês), mostrando um aumento de 101,9% em relação ao período anterior. Também foi observada diminuição no número de transferências internas (entre a unidade de retaguarda e outros setores do hospital), aumento no índice de rotatividade de 51,6 para 56,9, diminuição no tempo médio de permanência de 7,2 dias para 6,6 dias e diminuição na taxa de mortalidade de 3,5 para 0,7 (p<0.05). CONCLUSÕES: A implantação da Gestão da Clínica no contexto do trabalho assistencial na unidade dos leitos de retaguarda do hospital em estudo associou-se a melhorias nos processos de cuidado, proporcionando maior oferta de leitos aos usuários.

AIMS: To describe the results achieved in hospital performance indicators and supply of beds, with the strategy of incorporating clinical management into the care process of the backup unit of the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital. METHODS: The study was carried out in the backup unit of the Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital, in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The backup unit is an inpatient hospital with beds intended for hospital emergency patients characterized by short stay (less than 10 days of hospitalization) and in the study period it had 27 beds. As clinic management tools we implemented multidisciplinary reference teams and multidisciplinary rounds, established a Kanban system to monitor mean length of stay, and introduced the unique therapeutic project at the hospital entrance (emergency room) and management of beds by the Internal Regulation Center. We monitored the hospital indicators number of hospitalizations, mean length of stay, resolvability, mortality rate and turnover rate over a period of 12 months (2016, after implementation of the strategy) and made comparisons with the same period of the previous year. RESULTS: After the introduction of Clinic Management, there was an increase in the number of hospitalizations from 1395 to 1537/year. There were 1240 discharges to home (an average of 104 a month), showing an increase of 101.9% in relation to the previous period. There was also a decrease in the number of internal transfers (between the back unit and other sectors of the hospital), an increase in the turnover rate from 51.6 to 56.9, decrease in the mean stay time of 7.2 days to 6.6 days and a significant decrease in the mortality rate from 3.5 to 0.7 (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of clinical management in the context of care work in the hospital's backup bed unit fostered improvements in care processes, as well as ensuring greater supply of beds to users.

Câncer de ovário / Ovarian cancer

Objetivos: O câncer de ovário (CO) apresenta grande impacto na taxa de mortalidade por neoplasias ginecológicas no mundo. No Brasil, apresenta incidência estimada de 5,95 casos para cada 100.000 mulheres. Esta revisão tem por objetivo reunir as principais informações sobre a neoplasia maligna ovariana, abordando pontos de interesse na prática médica e trazendo atualizações sobre o tema. Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão do CO utilizando bases de dados PubMed, MedLine, Lilacs e o Portal de Periódico Capes, das quais foram selecionados artigos dos últimos 5 anos, com foco em atualizações sobre diagnóstico, tratamento e aspectos gerais da doença. Resultados: Foram reunidas as últimas evidências sobre epidemiologia, investigação, diagnóstico, fatores de risco incluindo rastreamento genético, tratamento pré e pós operatório e seguimento após o tratamento do CO. Conclusões: Esta revisão esclarece os pontos base da doença, auxilia no manejo e no acompanhamento das pacientes afetadas por esta patologia.

Aims: Ovarian cancer (CO) has a great impact on the mortality rate due to gynecological neoplasias in the world. In Brazil, it has an estimated incidence of 5.95 cases per 100,000 women. This review aims to gather the main information about ovarian malignancy, addressing points of interest in medical practice and bringing updates on the subject. Methods: A review of the CO was made using the data base PubMed, MedLine, Lilacs and Capes Periodical Portals, of which articles of the last 5 years were selected, focusing on updates on diagnosis, treatment and general aspects of the disease. Results: The latest evidence on epidemiology, research, diagnosis, risk factors including genetic screening, pre and postoperative treatment and follow-up after CO treatment were collected. Conclusions: This review clarifies the basics of the disease, helps in the management and follow-up of the patients affected by this pathology.

Socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage. / Desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero.

Objectives To identify socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods An ecological study based on data of the 2011-2012 national health information system to estimate the annual coverage of pap smears for the overall female population of the state and for women without private health insurance. We estimated annual pap smear coverage according to the Municipal Social Vulnerability Index and health macro-regions and regions of the state. Results The percentage of women without private health insurance ranged from 38.1% to 94.2% in the health regions. Pap smear coverage was 17.3% for the overall female population and 23.8% for women without private health insurance. Pap smear coverage was higher in more socially vulnerable municipalities and regions with a higher percentage of women with private health insurance. Conclusions The prevalence of private health insurance should be considered in studies that address the coverage of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).

Desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero / Desigualdades socioeconómicas y regionales en la cobertura de exámenes citopatológicos del cuello uterino / Socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage

RESUMO Objetivos Identificar desigualdades socioeconômicas e regionais na cobertura de exames citopatológicos do colo do útero no Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos Estudo ecológico utilizou dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde de 2011-2012 para estimar coberturas anuais de exames para todas as mulheres residentes e para as não beneficiárias de planos privados de saúde. Desigualdades na cobertura foram estimadas conforme o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social Municipal, macrorregiões e regiões de saúde. Resultados A prevalência de mulheres não beneficiarias de planos privados de saúde variou de 38,1% a 94,2% entre regiões de saúde. A cobertura estadual foi 17,3% para todas as residentes e 23,8% para as não beneficiárias de planos privados. As maiores coberturas ocorreram nos municípios em maior vulnerabilidade social e nas regiões com maior prevalência de planos privados. Conclusões A prevalência de planos privados de saúde deve ser considerada em estudos da cobertura de serviços pelo Sistema Único de Saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivos Identificar desigualdades socioeconómicas y regionales en la cobertura de exámenes citopatológicos del cuello uterino en Rio Grande do Sul. Métodos Estudio ecológico utilizó datos de los sistemas de información en salud de 2011-2012 para estimar coberturas anuales de exámenes para la totalidad de mujeres residentes y para no beneficiarias de planes privados de salud. Se estimaron las desigualdades según el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social Municipal, las macroregiones y las regiones de salud. Resultados La prevalencia de mujeres no beneficiarias de planes privados de salud tuvo una variación de 38.1% a 94.2% entre las regiones de salud. La cobertura del estado fue de 17.3% para la totalidad de residentes y el 23.8% para no beneficiarias de planes privados. Las mayores coberturas sucedieron en los municipios de mayor vulnerabilidad social y regiones con mayor prevalencia de planes privados. Conclusiones La prevalencia de los planes privados de salud debe ser considerada en los estudios de cobertura de servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS).

ABSTRACT Objectives To identify socioeconomic and regional inequalities of pap smear coverage in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Methods An ecological study based on data of the 2011-2012 national health information system to estimate the annual coverage of pap smears for the overall female population of the state and for women without private health insurance. We estimated annual pap smear coverage according to the Municipal Social Vulnerability Index and health macro-regions and regions of the state. Results The percentage of women without private health insurance ranged from 38.1% to 94.2% in the health regions. Pap smear coverage was 17.3% for the overall female population and 23.8% for women without private health insurance. Pap smear coverage was higher in more socially vulnerable municipalities and regions with a higher percentage of women with private health insurance. Conclusions The prevalence of private health insurance should be considered in studies that address the coverage of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).