New Heterocyclic Compounds from Oxazol-5(4H)-one and 1,2,4-Triazin-6(5H)-one Classes: Synthesis, Characterization and Toxicity Evaluation.

This paper describes the synthesis of new heterocycles from oxazol-5(4H)-one and 1,2,4-triazin-6(5H)-one classes containing a phenyl-/4-bromophenylsulfonylphenyl moiety. The oxazol-5(4H)-ones were obtained via condensation of 2-(4-(4-X-phenylsulfonyl)benzamido)acetic acids with benzaldehyde/4-fluorobenzaldehyde in acetic anhydride and in the presence of sodium acetate. The reaction of oxazolones with phenylhydrazine, in acetic acid and sodium acetate, yielded the corresponding 1,2,4-triazin-6(5H)-ones. The structures of the compounds were confirmed using spectral (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS) and elemental analysis. The toxicity of the compounds was evaluated on Daphnia magna Straus crustaceans and on the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results indicate that both the heterocyclic nucleus and halogen atoms significantly influenced the toxicity against D. magna, with the oxazolones being less toxic than triazinones. The halogen-free oxazolone had the lowest toxicity, and the fluorine-containing triazinone exhibited the highest toxicity. The compounds showed low toxicity against yeast cells, apparently due to the activity of plasma membrane multidrug transporters Pdr5 and Snq2. The predictive analyses indicated an antiproliferative effect as the most probable biological action. The PASS prediction and CHEMBL similarity studies show evidence that the compounds could inhibit certain relevant oncological protein kinases. These results correlated with toxicity assays suggest that halogen-free oxazolone could be a good candidate for future anticancer investigations.

Acylhydrazones and Their Biological Activity: A Review.

Due to the structure of acylhydrazones both by the pharmacophore -CO-NH-N= group and by the different substituents present in the molecules of compounds of this class, various pharmacological activities were reported, including antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiedematous, antiglaucomatous, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and actions on the central nervous system and on the cardiovascular system. This fragment is found in the structure of several drugs used in the therapy of some diseases that are at the top of public health problems, like microbial infections and cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, the acylhydrazone moiety is present in the structure of some compounds with possible applications in the treatment of other different pathologies, such as schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease. Considering these aspects, we consider that a study of the literature data regarding the structural and biological properties of these compounds is useful.

New 2-(4-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-arylidene-oxazol-5(4H)-ones: analgesic activity and histopathological assessment.

This paper reports the synthesis, analgesic activity, acute toxicity and histopathological (HP) assessment of four new compounds from oxazol-5(4H)-ones class that contain in their molecule a diarylsulfone moiety. The new 2-(4-(4-bromophenylsulfonyl)phenyl)-4-arylidene-oxazol-5(4H)-ones were obtained by reaction of 2-(4-(4-bromophenyl-sulfonyl)benzamido)acetic acid intermediate with aromatic aldehydes (benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy, 4-nitro or 4-bromobenzaldehyde), in acetic anhydride and in the presence of anhydrous sodium acetate. The new compounds have been characterized by spectral techniques, such as: Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) and by elemental analysis. The acute toxicity of the new oxazol-5(4H)-ones in mice was assessed through "acute toxic class" method, according to Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Guidelines. The HP assessment of some preserved organs collected from mice has been performed. The analgesic activity of all new synthesized compounds was carried out with two pharmacological tests: the writhing test and the hot plate test. In order to predict the binding affinities of the synthesized oxazol-5(4H)-ones derivatives against molecular targets involved in pain and inflammation, molecular docking simulations were performed. The results of the writhing test indicated that the most active compound was the oxazolone that contains in the molecule a methoxy group. The acute oral toxicity study revealed no lethal effect of new compounds. The HP assessment of the preserved organs collected from mice did not indicate any cytohistopathological aspects that can be linked to any inflammatory, neoplastic or cytotoxic process, demonstrating the low toxicity of new compounds.