RESUMO
Osteomyelitis is an infection and inflammation associated with the bone structures: bone marrow, cortical bone, periosteum, blood vessels and nerves. Although it does not have a frequent presentation, it can sometimes lead to complications such as pathological fractures or even septicemia. We present a clinical case study, to assess the relationship between osteomyelitis of the jaw and pathological fractures, after the extraction of an impacted wisdom tooth. This case highlights a rare complication following the surgical removal of mandibular third molar; a slow evolution of the pathology following an extraction should lead to close monitoring of the patient both clinically and radiographically, albeit osteomyelitis is a rare complication, it should be included as one of the differential diagnosis of persistent post-extraction pain.