Post-spinal Anesthesia Low Back Pain in Obese Female Patients: Comparison of the Median Versus Paramedian Approach.

BACKGROUND: A side effect of spinal anesthesia is post-dural puncture backache (PDPB), which is characterized by ongoing discomfort at the location of the spinal puncture without any radicular pain. This study aims to compare the incidence and severity of post-dural puncture back pain following spinal anesthesia by median versus paramedian technique in obese female patients. METHODS:  A prospective randomized comparative study on 120 female patients, aged 20-50 years with a BMI of 30-40 kg/m2 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status II, scheduled for elective surgery under spinal anesthesia, was included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, with 60 patients in each group. Group P uses the paramedian approach for spinal anesthesia, and group M uses the midline approach for spinal anesthesia. RESULTS: Low back pain incidence was lower in group P than in group M at seven days, but at one month and after, its incidence remained the same in both groups. No difference in the severity of pain was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of back pain in the first seven days of surgery was significantly more frequent with the median approach. The pain severity decreased as the time passed from day seven to three months of follow-up. There is no difference in the severity of pain with either approach at different intervals.

Effect of Carbohydrate Loading in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Investigations of preoperative oral carbohydrate (CHO) loading have primarily examined benefits among patients without diabetes. Preoperative CHO-rich beverages in general populations have resulted in reductions in insulin resistance after surgery, protein loss, metabolic derangements, and immune dysfunction. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of CHO loading in diabetic patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS: Diabetic patients controlled on oral hypoglycemic agent were randomly divided into two groups: (1) Group T - this group will be given 50 g of maltodextrin before two hours of surgery; (2) Group C - this group will be kept nil per oral as per standard protocol. Blood sugar, serum insulin, serum cortisol, and insulin requirement were compared in both groups. RESULTS: Blood sugar levels of Group C were found to be significantly higher than that of Group T at six hours and 24 hours. In Group T, a rise in baseline serum insulin (8.94 ± 3.43 mIU/l) was observed at 24 hours (13.23 ± 5.71 mIU/l). A change of 4.29 ± 3.00 mIU/l in serum insulin level was observed. The change in baseline serum insulin levels was 47.99%. In Group C too, a rise in baseline serum insulin (6.27 ± 1.74 mIU/l) was observed at 24 hours (18.00 ± 5.34 mIU/l). A change of 11.73 ± 4.97 mIU/l in serum insulin level was observed. The change in baseline HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) levels in Group T was 53.66%. A rise (4.39 ± 1.63) in baseline HOMA-IR of Group C (1.65 ± 0.45) was observed at 24 hours (6.04 ± 1.76). The change in baseline HOMA-IR levels in Group C was 266.06%. CONCLUSIONS: CHO loading is observed to be beneficial in diabetic patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy. No adverse effects or an increased risk of aspiration were observed in the intervention group during the study period.

Emergence of blaNDM-1 and blaVIM producing Gram-negative bacilli in ventilator-associated pneumonia at AMR Surveillance Regional Reference Laboratory in India.

INTRODUCTION: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) may be a life threatening nosocomial infection encountered in intensive care units. Currently the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens has become worrisome threat worldwide. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Endotracheal aspirates samples were collected from patients who were under mechanical ventilation for > 48 h. The bacterial isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS and antibiotic susceptibility testing performed. All carbapenem resistant isolates were tested by Modified Hodge test (MHT), modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) and PCR were performed to detect blaIMP, blaVIM and blaNDM producing MBL genes. RESULTS: VAP occurred in 172/353(48.7%), 23.3% had early-onset VAP and 76.7% had late-onset VAP. Males (69.2%) were found to suffer more from VAP. Prior antibiotic therapy, CPI>6, prior surgery and tracheostomy were associated with VAP. The mortality in VAP (58.1%) contrasted with non-VAP (40%). 99/169 (58.6%) Gram-negative isolates were resistant to carbapenems. Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were common pathogens found in late onset VAP, whereas K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and Staphylococcus aureus were common in early onset VAP. The PCR results detected blaNDM in 37/172(21.5%) and blaVIM in 30/172(17.4%); 15/172(8.7%) isolates carried both genes. CONCLUSION: The blaNDM-1 and blaVIM genes are the main antibiotic-resistance genes that induce resistance patterns to carbapenems in VAP, highlighting CRE strains of potential public health concern and therapeutic challenge. Diagnostic laboratories in India must get on high caution for early MBL detection as it may limit the wide dispersal of MBL genes.

Comparison between Transdermal Buprenorphine and Transdermal Fentanyl for Postoperative Pain Relief after Major Abdominal Surgeries.

INTRODUCTION: Opioid is generally regarded as an important part of multimodal, perioperative analgesia, especially for moderate to severe pain. Amongst the various modes of delivery transdermal route has several potential benefits over oral and parentral administration. These include noninvasive dosing, better absorption and lack of first-pass metabolism. A transdermal drug delivery system provides steady and continuous drug delivery resulting in steady plasma concentration. Bolus dosing of systemic analgesic results in supra and sub therapeutic plasma resulting in toxic and sub analgesic plasma drug concentration. It also improves patient compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing major abdominal surgery under GA were randomly divided in two groups (n=30). Group A received buprenorphine 10 mcg/h TDS and group B received 25 mcg/h fentanyl TDS, 6 hours prior to surgery. Patients were followed for three days for postoperative pain relief and adverse effects. RESULTS: Baseline and demographic variables are comparable in both groups. The mean level of VAS was significantly lower in group B as compared to group A at Day 1, 2 and 3. The mean level of sedation score was significantly lower in Group B than Group A. Haemodynamic variables in both groups (SBP, DBP and HR), shows comparable values in both groups and no significant difference was observed. Five out of 30 (16.7%) patients in group A required single dose of rescue analgesic while 0 out of 30 patients (0.00%) in group B required rescue analgesic. This difference in rescue analgesic requirement in not quiet statistically significant (p-value 0.0522). Twenty percent patient in fentanyl group and 16.7% patients in buprenorphine group experienced some adverse effects. Nausea and vomiting were main side effects of the drugs. The incidence of nausea and vomiting were 6.7% and 10% in buprenorphine and fentanyl group respectively. CONCLUSION: Fentanyl and buprenorphine TDS were effective and safe in controlling postoperative pain. Fentanyl is better than buprenorphine in this respect.