A case of acinar cell carcinoma originating from the accessory papilla of the duodenum.

CASE PRESENTATION: A 61-year-old female was referred to our hospital with a neoplastic lesion in the duodenum. Computed tomography with contrast enhancement revealed a 10-mm tumor in the duodenum. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed a submucosal tumor-like lesion in the descending part of the duodenum. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a well-defined hypoechoic tumor. Biopsy and immunohistochemical findings including negative Synaptophysin and Chromogranin A staining and positive Trypsin and BCL10 staining suggested a carcinoma with acinar cell differentiation. Pancreatoduodenectomy was performed, and the resected specimen had a 15-mm solid nodule in the submucosal layer of the duodenum. Pancreatogram of the resected specimen revealed a tumor localized in the accessory papilla region. In histopathological examination, the tumor was found in the submucosa of the duodenum with pancreatic tissue present nearby, and these were separated from the pancreatic parenchyma by the duodenal muscle layer. These findings led to a diagnosis of acinar cell carcinoma originating from the accessory papilla of the duodenum. CONCLUSION: Acinar cell carcinoma originating from the accessory papilla of the duodenum is exceptionally rare, with no reported cases to date. The origin was considered to be pancreatic tissue located in the accessory papilla region.

Novel Repair Technique for Oral and Anal Side Stoma Prolapse of a Loop Colostomy With the Stapled Modified Altemeier Method Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Stoma prolapse is a common complication in the late phase after stoma creation. With advances in chemotherapy, a double-orifice colostomy or ileostomy and chemotherapy are used to treat primary unresectable colorectal cancer. Preoperative therapy with a double-orifice colostomy or ileostomy is performed to aid primary colorectal cancer miniaturization. Therefore, the number of stoma prolapses will likely increase in the future. Previous reports on the repair of stoma prolapse focused on unilateral stoma prolapse of loop colostomy, and there are no reports about the bilateral stoma prolapse of loop colostomy or ileostomy. CASE REPORT: We report a novel repair technique for oral and anal side (bilateral) stoma prolapse of a loop colostomy with the stapled modified Altemeier method using indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging considering the distribution of marginal artery in preventing marginal artery injury which has considerable clinical significance. CONCLUSION: Our novel technique for the oral and anal side prolapse of a loop colostomy is considered effective and safe.

Three cases of open surgical procedures on ileal conduits for the repair of benign ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures after total pelvic exenteration of rectal tumors.

Ureteroenteric anastomotic strictures (UEAS) are typical complications after creating an ileal conduit for total pelvic exenteration (TPE) of rectal tumors. We report the ileal conduit for reconstruction in three patients, in the age-range of 47-73 years. Case 1 was when a left-sided UEAS had sufficient length of ureter for anastomosis, Case 2 was a right-sided UEAS with sufficient length of ureter for anastomosis, and Case 3 was a left-sided UEAS with insufficient length of ureter for anastomosis. There were no complications after operation and no recurrence of UEAS. It is important to learn the open surgical procedures for repair of a benign UEAS after TPE of rectal cancers. This has fewer complications and is safe in the long term.

How many times can patients tolerate reoperation for the local recurrence of colorectal cancer in terms of complications?

The frequency of resection for the recurrence of colorectal cancer has not been investigated in previous studies. Likewise, the related postoperative complications and the limit for indicating surgical resection has not been reported. Herein, we reported the complications of a highly frequent surgical approach for rectal cancer recurrence, i.e., exceeding three reoperations, based on our clinical experience. We included 15 cases exceeding two operations for the local recurrence of colorectal cancer from 2014 to 2019. We examined the postoperative complications classified as Clavien?Dindo IIIb. The positive rates of the complications were 0 (0.0%), 0 (0.0%), 2 (13.3%), 3 (37.5%), and 0 (0.0%) for the primary, 1st recurrent, 2nd recurrent, 3rd recurrent, and 4th recurrent operation group (p=0.027), respectively. It is important to exercise caution in handling cases exceeding two reoperations (exceeding three reoperations including the primary operation). J. Med. Invest. 70 : 369-376, August, 2023.

Novel Ureteral Stent Catheterization Technique for Treating Hyperchloremic Metabolic Acidosis After Total Pelvic Exenteration.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after total pelvic exenteration (TPE) is relatively rare. Urinary diversion of the ileal conduit during TPE can result in increased urine reabsorption leading to hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. We developed a new technique for the retrograde catheterization of a ureteral stent into an ileal conduit to treat hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old man underwent TPE for locally recurrent rectal cancer. Multiple episodes of complications, such as hyperchloremia and metabolic acidosis, occurred. Effective drainage of urine from the ileal conduit is crucial. With collaboration between an endoscopist and a radiologist, we developed a novel method for retrograde catheterization of the ureteral stent into an ileal conduit for hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis after TPE. The patient's condition quickly improved after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Our novel technique of retrograde catheterization of a ureteral stent into an ileal conduit for hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis could be adopted worldwide, as it is effective and safe.

Total Pelvic Exenteration Combined With Sacral Resection for Rectal Cancer.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study aimed to demonstrate surgical operative approach of total pelvic exenteration combined with sacral resection with rectal cancer and elucidate the relationships between the level of sacral resection and short-term outcomes. METHODS: Twenty cases were selected. Data regarding sex, age, body mass index, neoadjuvant therapy, location of sacral resection ("Upper" or "Lower" relative to the level between the 3rd and 4th sacral segment), operative time, bleeding, and curability (R0/R1) were collected and compared to determine their association with complications exhibiting a Clavien-Dindo grade III. RESULTS: The complication rate was significantly higher for recurrent cancers (n = 10, 76.9%) than for primary cancers (n = 1, 14.3%) (P = .007), and for "Upper" resection (n = 8, 72.7%) than for "Lower" resection (n = 3, 33.3%) (P = .078). Significant differences were observed when complication rates for "Lower" and primary cancer resection (n = 3, .0%) were compared between "Upper" and recurrent cancers (n = 8, 100.0%) (P = .007). CONCLUSION: In patients with recurrent rectal cancer, "Upper" sacral resection during total pelvic exenteration is associated with a high complication rate, highlighting the need for careful monitoring.

Clinical implication of Frizzled 2 expression and its association with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an initial, critical step in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor invasion and metastasis. Frizzled 2 (Fzd2) expression might drive EMT through the non-canonical Wnt pathway, one of the various EMT signaling pathways. The expression of epithelial (E-cadherin) and mesenchymal (vimentin) markers, as well as that of Wnt5b, Stat3, IL-6, Jak2 and Fzd2, were measured in 15 HCC cell lines. The EMT status (vimentin to E-cadherin mRNA expression ratio), Fzd2 mRNA expression, and pSTAT3 protein expression were assessed by immunostaining in 100 HCC patients, and correlations of their expression with clinicopathological factors and prognosis were analyzed. Cell proliferation, migration, and invasiveness were assessed after Fzd2 knockdown. Fzd2 expression was significantly correlated with a mesenchymal phenotype in the HCC cell lines. Treatment of the cell lines with Fzd2 siRNA resulted in significantly reduced migration and invasiveness but did not affect proliferation. A significant correlation was detected between the EMT status and Fzd2 expression in the HCC patients. Multivariate analysis revealed that Fzd2 expression was an independent predictor of recurrence (P=0.034). Patients with high Fzd2 expression had significantly poorer recurrence­free survival than those with low expression (P=0.03). Finally, pSTAT3 expression was significantly correlated with the EMT and Fzd2 status (P=0.0028, and P=0.0066, respectively). Fzd2 expression induced EMT and enhanced cell migration and invasiveness, and it might be a novel predictor of HCC recurrence. Furthermore, Stat3 might be controlled by both the Wnt5/Fzd2 and IL-6/Jak2 signaling pathways and play an important role in EMT.

The Charlson age comorbidity index predicts prognosis in patients with resected pancreatic cancer.

BACKGROUND: The Charlson age comorbidity index (CACI) is a useful measure of comorbidity to standardize the evaluation of surgical patients and has been reported to predict postoperative mortality in various cancers. METHOD: A total of 379 patients who underwent R0/R1 resection for pancreatic cancer between 2003 and 2014 were enrolled in this study. According to the CACI, the age-adjusted comorbidity index was calculated by weighting individual comorbidities; CACI<4 was considered the low-CACI group, whereas CACI≥4 was considered the high-CACI group. The correlations between the CACI and clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The patients with a high CACI were more likely to be old and had higher CA19-9 levels and lower incidences of portal vein resection and blood transfusion. The rate of patients who received chemotherapy was significantly higher in the low-CACI group than in the high-CACI group (87% vs. 69%, P < 0.0001). The overall survival (OS) rate was significantly higher in the low-CACI group than in the high-CACI group (P = 0.047). Multivariable analysis showed that a high CACI was a predictor of poor survival (P = 0.024). In the high-CACI group, patients with high relative dose intensity (RDI) for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy had significantly better relapse-free survival (RFS) and OS than those with low RDI (both P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The CACI was a significant independent predictor of prognosis and compliance for postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in the resected pancreatic cancer.

Incidence and risk factors for anastomotic stenosis of continuous hepaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: There have been no reports showing the incidence of anastomotic stenosis of continuous hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) and identifying its risk factors for patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). METHOD: We retrospectively investigated 200 patients whose HJ was established by unified method, single layered continuous suture. HJ stenosis was diagnosed with endoscopic or radiologic examinations. Uni and multivariable unconditional logistic modeling were performed to explore the predictive factors and to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: Sixteen patients (8.0%) were diagnosed as HJ stenosis. Multivariable analysis showed that body mass index (BMI) (OR: 1.24; 95% CI: 1.03-1.51), absence of preoperative biliary stenting (OR: 11.10; 95% CI: 1.22-101.12), operative time (OR: 1.74 per one hour increase; 95% CI: 1.01-2.98), age (OR: 1.58 per 10 years increase; 95% CI: 0.88-2.85), and absence of nodal metastasis (OR: 3.43; 95% CI: 0.90-13.12) correlated with HJ stenosis. Among these, BMI and preoperative biliary stenting were associated with stenosis with a lower P-value than the others (P = 0.026 and 0.033, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of HJ stenosis was 8.0%. Close attention would be needed especially for patients at high risk of HJ stenosis, such as high BMI or absence of preoperative biliary stenting.

The current status of emergency operations at a high-volume cancer center.

This study aimed to assess the pathogenic causes, clinical conditions, surgical procedures, in-hospital mortality, and operative death associated with emergency operations at a high-volume cancer center. Although many reports have described the contents, operative procedures, and prognosis of elective surgeries in high-volume cancer centers, emergency operations have not been studied in sufficient detail. We retrospectively enrolled 28 consecutive patients who underwent emergency surgery. Cases involving operative complications were excluded. The following surgical procedures were performed during emergency operations: closure in 3 cases (10.7%), diversion in 22 cases (78.6%), ileus treatment in 2 cases (7.1%), and hemostasis in 1 case (3.6%). Closure alone was performed only once for peritonitis. Diversion was performed in 17 cases (77.3%) of peritonitis, 4 cases (18.2%) of stenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, and 1 case (4.5%) of bleeding. There was a significant overall difference (P = 0.001). The frequency of emergency operations was very low at a high-volume cancer center. However, the recent shift in treatment approaches toward nonoperative techniques may enhance the status of emergency surgical procedures. The results presented in this study will help prepare for emergency situations and resolve them as quickly and efficiently as possible.

Sterile abdominal abscess resulting from remnant laparoscopic clips after sigmoidectomy: a case report and literature review.

The occurrence of intra-abdominal sterile abscesses due to remnant clips after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy is rare. Here, we report one such case in a 74-year-old woman. Two years after laparoscopic sigmoidectomy, abdominal CT indicated an area of fluid accumulation approximately 5 cm in diameter and located in the middle of the abdominal cavity that contained a cluster of clips. Fine-needle aspiration of the fluid was performed through the wall of the sigmoid colon. The luminal fluid was found not to contain cancer cells on histological examination. After 1 year, abdominal surgery was performed. The abscess was located in the mesorectum at the anastomosis site; it was incised and a significant quantity of ivory-white viscous solution containing a cluster of clips was extracted. This case emphasizes the importance of reducing the number of clips used in laparoscopic surgery.

[A case report of advanced mucinous adenocarcinoma of the transverse colon with peritoneal dissemination effectively treated by multidisciplinary approach with a focus on FOLFOX4 therapy combined with panitumumab].

A 63-year-old woman with chief complaints of abdominal distention and vomiting was brought to our hospital in May, 2010. Her radiological examination revealed that she was suffering from perforative peritonitis. The patient underwent emergency open laparotomy. Perioperatively, we made a diagnosis of unresectable transverse colon cancer accompanied with tough peritoneal dissemination, and therefore performed intraperitoneal irrigation drainage, transverse loop colostomy and biopsy of omental dissemination. A pathological examination of omental dissemination demonstrated mucinous adenocarcinoma with the wild-type Kras gene, and the cytology of ascites was negative. FOLFOX4 combined with panitumumab therapy was initiated 1 month after the operation. Seventeen courses of this chemotherapy regimen were performed, although adverse events including grade 3 neutropenia and grade 2 skin symptoms were noted. Consequently, serum CEA levels decreased to 5. 5 ng/mL, although the size of the primary lesion of transverse colon cancer was unchanged on abdominal computed tomography(CT). Chemotherapy has been continued without marked side effects, although 1 year has passed since we started medical treatment for this difficult case. We found that a multidisciplinary approach with a focus on FOLFOX4 therapy combined with panitumumab is useful for patients with highly advanced mucinous adenocarcinoma of the colon that develops into peritoneal dissemination.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization.

We report a rare case of primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the kidney. The diagnosis was confirmed by the immunohistochemical profile and fluorescence in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The patient received intensive chemoradiotherapy after radical surgery and remains alive without recurrence 1 year after initial presentation.