Efectos emocionales que causa el aborto espontáneo / Emotional effects caused by spontaneous abortion

Introducción: en el contexto mexicano la maternidad suele ser una de las prioridades de la mujer, por lo cual, cuando se interrumpe el proceso se desencadena un conjunto de emociones que le afectan de manera negativa, pudiendo limitar su actuar cotidiano. Objetivo: identificar las emociones que surgen a causa del aborto espontáneo en mujeres jóvenes. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y cualitativo. Se aplicó una escala de actitudes hacia el aborto y una entrevista semiestructurada validada por juicio de expertos. Resultados: los hallazgos evidencian tristeza, enojo y rabia, que mantienen a las participantes en estado de confusión, decepción, retraimiento, inseguridad y vacío existencial. Conclusiones: el aborto espontáneo trae como consecuencia la ruptura del ideal de la mujer, ya que esta se representa como procreadora, lo cual coincide con el perfil mexicano de la maternidad; por ende, ante un aborto ya no se cumple con la supuesta función principal de la mujer.

Introduction: In the Mexican context, motherhood is the reason for being of a woman, therefore, when the process is interrupted, a set of emotions are triggered that affect negatively, and can even limit her daily actions. Objective: To identify the emotions that arise due to spontaneous abortion in young women. Methodology: Descriptive and qualitative study. A semi-structured interview validated by expert judgment was applied. Results: The findings show sadness, anger and rage that keep the informants in a state of confusion, disappointment, withdrawal, insecurity and existential emptiness. Conclusions: Spontaneous abortion results in the rupture of the ideal of women, since this is represented as procreating, which coincides with the Mexican profile of motherhood; therefore, in the face of an abortion, the main function of the woman is no longer fulfilled.

Problemáticas y consecuencias del embarazo y la maternidad en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarias / Problems and consequences of pregnancy and maternity on the academic performance in university students

Introducción: en el contexto universitario, los papeles de madre y estudiante son funciones con las que algunas mujeres deben convivir e interrelacionar. En consecuencia, la vivencia de la maternidad afecta al proceso de aprendizaje. Objetivo: identificar las problemáticas más frecuentes del embarazo y la maternidad en el rendimiento académico de las estudiantes de una universidad pública del Estado de México. Metodología: estudio descriptivo y cuantitativo. La población se conformó con 90 estudiantes de enfermería, psicología, turismo y contaduría. El instrumento se validó por juicio de expertos y se integró con 29 preguntas, con base en cuatro áreas: económica, académica, familiar y social. Resultados: uno de los problemas identificados es la falta de apoyo familiar en el cuidado de los hijos, lo cual altera el tiempo y la atención dedicados a la jornada estudiantil, que es minima para obtener los créditos académicos necesarios; una consecuencia de ello es el rendimiento académico menor y la prolongación de los estudios. Conclusiones: desempeñar de forma simultánea los papeles de estudiante y madre es una labor complicada, que prolonga los años de permanencia en los estudios profesionales o bien trunca esta posibilidad.

Introduction: In the university context, the role of mother and student are roles that some women must live with and that they must make compatible. In such a way that the experience of motherhood affects the learning process. Objective: To identify the problems and consequences of pregnancy and motherhood in the academic performance of the students of a public University of the State of Mexico. Methods: Descriptive and quantitative study. The population was made up of students of Nursing, Psychology, Tourism and Accounting. The instrument was validated by expert judgment, made up of 29 questions. Based on 5 areas: economic, psychological, academic, family and social. Results: One of the problems identified is the lack of family support in childcare, which impacts the time and attention that they dedicate to their student day, which is minimal to cover the necessary academic credits; as a consequence, academic performance is lower and study permanence is prolonged. Conclusions: Making the role of student mother compatible is a complicated task, which impacts by prolonging the years spent in professional studies or this possibility is truncated.

Prospective evaluation of 2,549 Morse taper connection implants: 1- to 6-year data.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to evaluate the implant survival, the implant-crown success, and the prosthetic complications of 2,549 Morse taper interference-fit connection implants. METHODS: A total of 2,549 Morse taper connection implants were inserted in 893 patients from January 2003 until December 2008. At each annual recall, clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic parameters were assessed. The implant-crown success criteria included the absence of pain, suppuration, and clinical mobility; an average distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact <2 mm from initial surgery; and the absence of prosthetic complications at the implant-abutment interface. Prosthetic restorations were fixed partial prostheses (462 units); fixed full-arch prostheses (60 units); single crowns (531 units); and overdentures (93 units). RESULTS: The cumulative implant survival rate was 98.23% (97.25% maxilla, 99.05% mandible). The implant-crown success was 92.49%. A few prosthetic complications at implant-abutment interface were reported (0.37%). After 6 years, distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone contact was 1.10 mm (± 0.30 mm). CONCLUSION: The use of Morse taper connection implants represents a successful procedure for the rehabilitation of partially and completely edentulous arches.

Engineered bone by autologous osteoblasts on polymeric scaffolds in maxillary sinus augmentation: histologic report.

Several regenerative therapies have been used for maxillary sinus grafting. However, recent advances in modern bone tissue engineering techniques have been evaluated. The aim of this histologic report was to evaluate the bone obtained by a culture of autogenous osteoblasts seeded on polyglycolic-polylactid scaffolds in maxillary sinus augmentation. A 56-year-old partially edentulous male with severe atrophy of the posterior maxilla received 6 polyglycolid-polylactid disks (8 mm diameter × 2 mm depth, Oral Bone), each carrying 1.5 million autogenous osteoblasts into the depth of the sinus cavity. After 6 months healing, a bone core was harvested and histologically evaluated. The augmented maxillary sinus with engineered bone presented a mean of 28.89% and 71.11% of bone and medullary spaces, respectively. Data from this case report demonstrate that the newly formed bone provided by engineered bone tissue allowed proper initial stability for dental implant placement. However, the role of this new bone in the long-term success of dental implant anchorage needs further investigation.

Impact of smoking on human bone apposition at different dental implant surfaces: a histologic study in type IV bone.

Smoking has adverse effects on peri-implant bone healing and can cause bone loss around successfully integrated implants placed on type IV bone. This study evaluated the influence of implant surface topography of microimplants retrieved from posterior maxilla of smokers after 2 months of unloaded healing. Seven partially edentulous patients received 2 microimplants (machined and sandblasted acid-etched surface) each during conventional implant surgery. Histometric evaluation showed that the mean bone to implant contact was 10.40 +/- 14.16% and 22.19 +/- 14.68% to machined and sandblasted acid-etched surfaces, respectively (P < .001). These data suggest that the sandblasted acid-etched surface presented better results than the machined surface after a short healing time in smokers.

Early human bone response to laser metal sintering surface topography: a histologic report.

This histologic report evaluated the early human bone response to a direct laser metal sintering implant surface retrieved after a short period of healing. A selective laser sintering procedure using a Ti-6Al-4V alloy powder with a particle size of 25-45 microm prepared this surface topography. One experimental microimplant was inserted into the anterior mandible of a patient during conventional implant surgery of the jaw. The microimplant and surrounding tissues were removed after 2 months of unloaded healing and were prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Histologically, the peri-implant bone appeared in close contact with the implant surface, whereas marrow spaces could be detected in other areas along with prominently stained cement lines. The mean of bone-to-implant contact was 69.51%. The results of this histologic report suggest that the laser metal sintering surface could be a promising alternative to conventional implant surface topographies.

Allotriploid genotypic assignment in abalone larvae by detection of microsatellite-recombinant genotypes.

Abalone species are different from most mollusks utilized in aquaculture as they are known to hybridize in laboratory-induced matings. Allotriploidization of hybrid abalone has not yet been studied, and methodology useful in verifying the genotypic condition of such allotriploids do not exist. Genotypic verification of hybridization and allotriploidization in a cross of Haliotis fulgens and Haliotis rufescens was performed utilizing 6 crossamplifying microsatellite loci. Five H. rufescens spawns were used in this experiment, dividing each spawn into control and experimental hybrid groups and further into diploids and triploids. Two microsatellite loci developed for H. fulgens and H. rufescens allowed for the genotypic identification of hybrids within diploid and triploids. To further verify the percentage of allotriploids within the genotypic hybrids in the triploid hybrid groups, microsatellite loci originally developed in Haliotis corrugata and Haliotis kamtschatkana were tested for crossamplification in H. fulgens and H. rufescens. Of 21 loci, 4 were chosen for this study based on their crossamplification, heterozygosity in the females, and centromere recombination frequencies. Allotriploids in triploid-hybrid larvae were then detected by identifying larvae with recombinant genotypes at any of those loci. One family had low success verification associated with reduced recombination frequencies for all loci in that family. These results demonstrate that allotriploid verification at larval stages is feasible but depends on the number of loci available, their crossamplification in the species, and their recombination frequencies.

Influence of direct laser fabrication implant topography on type IV bone: a histomorphometric study in humans.

The aim of this histologic study was to evaluate the influence of the direct laser fabrication (DFL) surface topography on bone-to-implant contact (BIC%), on bone density in the threaded area (BA%) as well as bone density outside the threaded area (BD%) in type IV bone after 8 weeks of unloaded healing. Thirty patients (mean age 51.34 +/- 3.06 years) received 1 micro-implant (2.5-mm diameter and 6-mm length) each during conventional implant surgery in the posterior maxilla. Thirty micro-implants with three topographies were evaluated: 10 machined (cpTi); 10 sandblasted and acid etched surface (SAE) and 10 DFL micro-implants. After 8 weeks, the micro-implants and the surrounding tissue were removed and prepared for histomorphometric analysis. Four micro-implants (2 cpTi, 1 SAE and 1DLF) showed no osseointegration after the healing period. Histometric evaluation indicated that the mean BIC% was higher for the DFL and SAE surfaces (p = 0.0002). The BA% was higher for the DFL surface, although there was no difference with the SAE surface. The BD% was similar for all topographies (p > 0.05). Data suggest that the DFL and SAE surfaces presented a higher bone-to-implant contact rate compared with cpTi surfaces under unloaded conditions, after a healing period of 8 weeks.

Histomorphometric evaluation of bioceramic molecular impregnated and dual acid-etched implant surfaces in the human posterior maxilla.

BACKGROUND: Physical and bioceramic incorporation surface treatments at the nanometer scale showed higher means of bone-to-implant contact (BIC) and torque values compared with surface topography at the micrometer scale; however, the literature concerning the effect of nanometer scale parameters is sparse. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of two different implant surfaces on the percentage bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and bone osteocyte density in the human posterior maxilla after 2 months of unloaded healing. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The implants utilized presented dual acid-etched (DAE) surface and a bioceramic molecular impregnated treatment (Ossean®, Intra-Lock International, Boca Raton, FL, USA) serving as control and test, respectively. Ten subjects (59 ± 9 years of age) received two implants (one of each surface) during conventional implant surgery in the posterior maxilla. After the non-loaded period of 2 months, the implants and the surrounding tissue were removed by means of a trephine and were non-decalcified processed for ground sectioning and analysis of BIC%, bone density in threaded area (BA%), and osteocyte index (Oi). RESULTS: Two DAE implants were found to be clinically unstable at time of retrieval. Histometric evaluation showed significantly higher BIC% and Oi for the test compared to the control surface (p < .05), and that BA% was not significantly different between groups. Wilcoxon matched pairs test was used to compare the differences of histomorphometric variables between implant surfaces. The significance test was conducted at a 5% level of significance. CONCLUSION: The histological data suggest that the bioceramic molecular impregnated surface-treated implants positively modulated bone healing at early implantation times compared to the DAE surface.

Combining scaffolds and osteogenic cells in regenerative bone surgery: a preliminary histological report in human maxillary sinus augmentation.

PURPOSE: The following case series evaluated the maxillary sinus augmentation responses to tissue-engineered bone graft obtained by a culture of autogenous osteoblasts seeded on polyglycolic-polylactic scaffolds and calcium phosphate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sinus floor augmentation was performed bilaterally in five patients (mean age 58.4 years) with tissue-engineered bone (test site - Oral Bone, BioTissue, Freiburg, Germany) or calcium phosphate (control site - Biocoral, Novaxa Spa, Milan, Italy). Biopsies were harvested 6 months after sinus augmentation for histometric evaluation. Volumetric measurements were taken at baseline and 6 months after the surgical procedure. RESULTS: The mean of vertical bone gain was 6.47 +/- 1.39 mm and 9.14 +/- 1.19 mm to test and control sites, respectively. The histological sections depicted mature bone with compact and cancellous areas. All biopsies contained varying percentages of newly formed bone and marrow spaces. The mean of bone tissue in the grafted area was 37.32 +/- 19.59% and 54.65 +/- 21.17% for tissue-engineered bone and calcium phosphate, respectively. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of the present report, the histological data in humans confirmed that tissue-engineered bone and calcium phosphate allowed newly formed bone after maxillary sinus augmentation.

Influência de diferentes topografias de implantes sobre o tecido ósseo peri-implantar humano / Influence of different implant tomographies on human peri-implant bone tissue

O principal parâmetro para avaliação do sucesso dos implantes osseointegrados é baseado no percentual do contato do tecido ósseo à superfície do implante. Este processo depende de vários fatores que vão desde a inserção do implante no leito cirúrgico e a formação do coágulo sanguíneo a todos os eventos celulares relacionados à biologia óssea peri-implantar. Logo, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, de maneira sistemática, a sequência de eventos celulares assim como os fatores que influenciam a qualidade e a quantidade de contato do tecido ósseo humano a superfície do implante e suas consequências clínicas.

Gingival primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma as the first manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

BACKGROUND: Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) are a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative malignancies that may be associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). NHL can disseminate to extranodal sites; however, its dissemination to the jaws and mouth is not common. This report presents and discusses two unusual cases of gingival primary extranodal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (PE-NHL) as the first manifestation of AIDS. METHODS: Two males presented with asymptomatic gingival swelling. They were examined clinically. Biopsies of the gingival tissue were evaluated using routine histologic techniques and immunohistochemistry. The patients were tested for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. RESULTS: The clinicopathological evaluation and the serological HIV examination of the patients led us to the final diagnosis of gingival PE-NHL as the first manifestation of AIDS. Both patients were referred to an oncologist and to an infectious disease specialist and were given antineoplastic chemotherapy and highly active antiretroviral therapy. Only one patient presented a favorable clinical evolution. CONCLUSION: The present case reports have important clinical implications; the two unusual presentations of gingival PE-NHL contribute to information about the differential diagnosis of rapidly progressing gingival swelling.

Implant surface analysis and microbiologic evaluation of failed implants retrieved from smokers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbiota and surface of failed titanium dental implants from 4 manufacturers. Twelve mobile dental implants were retrieved from 10 smokers after 3 to 10 years of functional loading. Before implant removal, microbial samples were taken and evaluated using polymerase chain reaction. After implant removal, analyses of the failed implant surfaces were performed using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometer x-ray. Periodontal pathogens such as Aggregactibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola were detected in all implants in different proportions. Surface analysis showed varying degrees of surface roughness between the samples and the presence of proteinaceous material, appearing mainly as dark stains. Foreign carbon, oxygen, sodium, calcium, aluminum, and silicon elements were also found. Although no material-related causes of implant failure were detected, several periodontal pathogens were identified independently of the surface topography or manufacturer.

Avaliação clínica e laboratorial da estomatite por prótese / Clinical and laboratorial study of denture stomatitis

Este estudo avaliou a estomatite por prótese total e as variáveis relacionadas à sua etiologia, considerando as características clínicas do indivíduo, as características micológicas e de adesão das espécies de Candida e o grupo sanguíneo dos indivíduos. Sessenta indivíduos portadores de prótese total superior (grupo teste) e 15 indivíduos não usuários de próteses removíveis (grupo controle) foram avaliados. As amostras micológicas foram coletadas da mucosa do palato, face interna da prótese e dorso da língua, por imprint. A identificação das espécies de Candida foi realizada por métodos clássicos (cultura) e moleculares (RAPD). A avaliação da qualidade das próteses totais foi realizada com base em cinco indicadores (defeitos, material, estabilidade, retenção e oclusão) e a qualidade da higiene da prótese total, por meio da visualização do biofilme com o uso de evidenciador de placa. Não houve diferença significativa no diagnóstico de EP e na detecção de Candida spp. entre os gêneros, hábito de fumar, presença de doença sistêmica, uso de medicamentos e hábitos de higiene (cavidade bucal e PT). A EP foi correlacionada com detecção de Candida spp. no palato e com indivíduos O Rh+. Entretanto não foi correlacionada com um perfil genotípico de Candida spp. ou uma espécie de Candida, com a quantidade de células aderidas nos corpos de prova de resina, com o estado secretor do indivíduo, com o uso contínuo ou qualidade e higiene da prótese total. A detecção de Candida spp. foi correlacionada com a presença de EP, com doença sistêmica, uso de medicamentos, com a qualidade e higiene das próteses e com indivíduos A Rh+. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificamos que a presença de estomatite por prótese total foi correlacionada com o grupo sanguíneo do indivíduo e com Candida spp...

Avaliação clínica e laboratorial da estomatite por prótese / Clinical and laboratorial study of denture stomatitis

Este estudo avaliou a estomatite por prótese total e as variáveis relacionadas à sua etiologia, considerando as características clínicas do indivíduo, as características micológicas e de adesão das espécies de Candida e o grupo sangüíneo dos indivíduos. Sessenta indivíduos portadores de prótese total superior (grupo teste) e 15 indivíduos não usuários de próteses removíveis (grupo controle) foram avaliados. As amostras micológicas foram coletadas da mucosa do palato, face interna da prótese e dorso da língua, por imprint. A identificação das espécies de Candida foi realizada por métodos clássicos (cultura) e moleculares (RAPD). A avaliação da qualidade das próteses totais foi realizada com base em cinco indicadores (defeitos, material, estabilidade, retenção e oclusão) e a da qualidade da higiene da prótese total, por meio da visualização do biofilme com o uso de evidenciador de placa. Não houve diferença significativa no diagnóstico de EP e na detecção de Candida spp. entre o gêneros, hábito de fumar, presença de doença sistêmica, uso de medicamentos e hábitos de higiene (cavidade bucal e PT). A EP foi correlacionada com detecção de Candida spp. no palato e com indivíduos O Rh+. Entretanto não foi correlacionada com um perfil genotípico de Candida spp. ou uma espécie de Candida, com a quantidade de células aderidas nos corpos de prova de resina, com o estado secretor do indivíduo, com o uso contínuo ou qualidade e higiene da prótese total. A detecção de Candida spp. foi correlacionada com a presença de EP, com doença sistêmica, uso de medicamentos, com a qualidade e higiene das próteses e com indivíduos A Rh+. Com base nos resultados obtidos verificamos que a presença de estomatite por prótese total foi correlacionada com o grupo sangüíneo do indivíduo e com Candida spp., a qual também foi correlacionada com características do hospedeiro e da prótese total

This study evaluated the denture stomatitis (DS) and clinical variables related with its etiology, considering the characteristics of clinical, mycological, adhesion profile and blood group of the subjects. 60 denture wearers (test group) and 15 subjects without removable appliances (control group) were evaluated. The mycological samples were taken from palate, denture and tongue by imprint method. The Candida species were identified by classical (culture) and molecular (RAPD) methods. The evaluation of denture quality was performed on basis of five parameters (defect, material, stability, retention, and occlusion) and the hygiene of the denture by means of plaque observation. Statistical difference was not observed between diagnosis of DS and Candida detection for gender, smoking, systemic diseases, medication, hygiene habits (oral cavity and denture). The DS was correlated with Candida spp. on the palate and with subjects O Rh+. However, there was no significance with genotypic profile with any species of Candida either clinical or molecular features. The detection of Candida was correlated with DS, systemic diseases, medication, quality and hygiene of denture in A Rh+ subjects. Within the limits of this study we conclude that denture stomatitis was correlated with blood group and Candida as well as the characteristics of the host and the denture

[Small bowel obstruction due to metastatic lobular carcinoma of the breast]. / Obstrucción de intestino delgado por metástasis de carcinoma mamario lobulillar.

Although breast cancer most frequently metastasizes to the bone, lung, pleura, liver, adrenal glands and brain, it can also affect other organs such as the small bowel and ovaries, especially if the type of cancer is infiltrating and lobular. We present a case of metastases to the small bowel and ovaries from pleomorphic type infiltrating lobular breast carcinoma presenting as intestinal obstruction. Barium transit study revealed a stenosis in the jejunum and another in the terminal ileum at the ileocecal valve area. A flat formation in the area of the ileocecal valve was observed on endoscopy but the results of biopsy were negative, a fairly frequent finding due to the absence of infiltration of the intestinal mucosa. Pathological and immunohistochemical study of the intestinal and ovarian surgical specimens confirmed the diagnosis of metastases from lobular carcinoma of the breast, which was corroborated by breast biopsy.

Bruxismo e apnéia do sono / Sleep bruxism and apnea

A associação entre distúbios do sono e dor é uma queixa comum em pacientes portadores de dores orofaciais. Dentre os distúrbios do sono, o bruxismo e a apnéa são comprometimentos importantes que devem ser identificados e tratados. O intuito deste trabalho é revisar a literatura pertinente, ressaltando a etiologia, o diagnóstico e as modalidades terapêuticas empregadas no tratamento desses pacientes

Patología neonatal en el Hospital Cantonal de Mejía. Año 1996 / neonative Pathology in the Cantonal Hospital of Mejía Year 1996

Expone que los índices de morbilidad perinatal son muy útiles para preciar las condiciones globales en que se desarrolla la etapa perinatal. Además es comúnmente aceptado como indicador de salud a la tasa de mortalidad perinatal, la cual no solo que refleja la suficiencia del sistema de salud formal, sino sobre todo el nivel general de desarrollo económico y socisal. Así tenemos un índice de mortalidad del 18,28 por ciento y de mortalidad del 1,38 por ciento que son altos, tomando en cuenta que se trata de un hospital de atención primaria. Entre las principales causas de morbilidad tenemos igual que a nivel mundial, la hiperbilirrubinemia 6 por ciento, infección neonatal 3,8 por ciento, peso elevado 3,8, policitemia 4,4 por ciento peso bajo 2,49 por ciento, asfixia inicial 2,4 hipoglicemia 2,77 por ciento, malformaciones congénitas 2,77 por ciento. Sería interesante realizar estduios similares en otros cantones, para establecer comparaciones con hospitales que tienen las mismas limitaciones que el nuestro...