Pulmonary diffuse calcified multiple nodules in alveolar echinococcosis.

Alveolar echinococcosis is a potentially life-threatening parasitic disease primarily involving the liver caused by echinococcus multilocularis. Alveolar echinococcosis shows tumor-like growth that can lead to infiltration of neighboring organs. It is a slowly progressive disease and most commonly metastasizes to the lung. In this study, a 45-year-old female case of alveolar echinococcosis with bilateral pulmonary diffuse calcified multiple nodules metastases is presented.

Comparing Capitonnage and Uncapitonnage Techniques for Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Surgery is the primary treatment for pulmonary hydatid cysts. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the results of capitonnage and uncapitonnage techniques for the surgery of pulmonary hydatid cysts. Descriptive Boolean queries were used to search PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published up to June 2022 to evaluate the outcomes of pulmonary hydatid cysts in terms of mortality, postoperative complications, and hospital stay. A total of 12 studies were included. An analysis of the total side effects revealed that there was a statistically significant difference between the capitonnage and uncapitonnage groups (odds ratio=3.81, 95% confidence interval=[1.75-8.31], P < .001). The results showed that more side effects were observed in the uncapitonnage group than in the capitonnage group. The risk of side effects in the uncapitonnage group is 3.81 times higher than in the capitonnage group. The results showed that more prolonged air leak was seen in uncapitonnage group than in the capitonnage group (odds ratio=4.18, 95% confidence interval=[1.64-10.64], P=.003). The results show that more empyema was observed in uncapitonnage group than in the capitonnage group (odds ratio=4.76, 95% confidence interval=[1.29-17.57], P =0.020). An analysis of atelectasis and mean hospital stay revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the capitonnage and uncapitonnage groups. The results reveal the advantages of capitonnage in the treatment of pulmonary hydatid cysts and that the capitonnage method is quite effective in reducing complications compared to the uncapitonnage method.

The Efficiency of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Differentiation of Malign and Benign Cavitary Lung Lesions.

PURPOSE: The present study investigates the diagnostic efficiency of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiating between malignant and benign cavitary lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective study included 45 consecutive patients identified with a cavitary lung lesion with a wall thickness of ≥5 mm on thoracic computed tomography in our clinic between 2020 and 2022, and who underwent thoracic DWI within 1 week of their original computed tomography. ADC measurements were made on DWI by drawing a region of interest manually from the cavity wall, away from the lung parenchyma in the axial section where the lesion was best demonstrated. The patients were then classified into benign and malignant groups based on the pathology or clinico-radiologic follow-up. RESULTS: The sample included 29 (64.4%) male and 16 (35.6%) female patients, with a mean age of 59.06±17.3 years. Included in the study were 1 patient with 3 and 3 patients with 2 cavitary lesions each, with a total for the sample of 50 cavitary lesions. There were 23 (46%) malignant and 27 (54%) benign cavitary lung lesions. The mean ADC value (×10 -3  mm 2 /s) of the malignant and benign cavitary lesions was 0.977±0.522 (0.511 to 2.872) and 1.383±0.370 (0.930 to 2.213), respectively. The findings were statistically significant using an independent samples t test ( P =0.002). The mean wall thickness of the malignant and benign lesions was 12.47±5.51 mm (5 to 25 mm) and 10.11±4.65 mm (5 to 22 mm), respectively. Although malignant cavities had a higher mean wall thickness than benign cavities, the difference was statistically insignificant ( P =0.104). CONCLUSION: A significant difference was identified between the ADC values measured in DWI of the malignant and benign cavitary lung lesions. DWI, a noninvasive and rapid imaging method, can provide useful information for the differential diagnosis of cavitary lesions and can minimize unnecessary biopsies.

CT Imaging Findings of Pulmonary Alveolar Echinococcosis.

Alveolar echinococcosis is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus multilocularis in the metacestode stage. The disease involves the liver in almost all cases, and additionally, lung involvement is accompanied in approximately 13% of the cases. Due to the low incidence of pulmonary alveolar echinococci, there are few case reports of lung involvement in the literature. In this study, computed tomography (CT) findings related to pulmonary involvement in alveolar echinococcosis cases, which have increased worldwide in recent years, were evaluated.

Overview of indications for pulmonary sleeve resection.

Pulmonary sleeve resection is a complex lung resection and reconstruction surgery mostly performed in patients with centrally located locally invasive lung cancers which often penetrate into central airways and vasculature. This approach was initially used for patients unable to tolerate pneumonectomies, while it is currently also being preferred in patients whose tumors are anatomically suited. Today, thoracic sleeve resections include a wide range of procedures ranging from bronchial and tracheal sleeve resections to carinal sleeve pneumonectomies. In this review, we discuss indications for various types of sleeve resection in the light of current literature.

Minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Background: In this study, we present our minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy technique and survival rates of this technique. Methods: Between September 2013 and December 2020, a total of 140 patients (56 males, 84 females; mean age: 55.5±10.3 years; range, 32 to 76 years) who underwent minimally invasive Ivor- Lewis esophagectomy for esophageal cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Preoperative patient data, oncological and surgical outcomes, pathological results, and complications were recorded. Results: Primary diagnosis was esophageal cancer in all cases. Minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy was carried out in all of the cases included in the study. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administrated in 97 (69.3%) of the cases. The mean duration of surgery was 261.7±30.6 (range, 195 to 330) min. The mean amount of intraoperative blood loss was 115.1±190.7 (range, 10 to 800) mL. In 60 (42.9%) of the cases, complications occurred in intraoperative and early-late postoperative periods. The anastomotic leak rate was 7.1% and the pulmonary complication rate was 22.1% in postoperative complications. The mean hospital stay length was 10.6±8.4 (range, 5-59) days and hospital mortality rate was 2.1%. The median follow-up duration was 37 (range, 2-74) months and the three- and five-year overall survival rates were 61.8% and 54.6%, respectively. Conclusion: Minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy can be used safely with low mortality and long-time survival rates in esophageal cancer.