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1.
Anesth Analg ; 137(3): 629-637, 2023 09 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36913232

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery, which is most often symptomatically silent, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. However, it is not known if routine postoperative troponin testing will affect patient outcomes. METHODS: We assembled a cohort of patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy or abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in Ontario, Canada, from 2010 to 2017. Hospitals were categorized into high, medium, and low troponin testing intensity based on the proportion of patients who received postoperative troponin testing. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to assess the association between hospital-specific testing intensity and 30-day and 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) while adjusting for patient-, surgery-, and hospital-level factors. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 18,467 patients from 17 hospitals. Mean age was 72 years, and 74.0% were men. Rates of postoperative troponin testing were 77.5%, 35.8%, and 21.6% in the high-, medium-, and low-testing intensity hospitals, respectively. At 30 days, 5.3%, 5.3%, and 6.5% of patients in high-, medium-, and low-testing intensity hospitals experienced MACE, respectively. Higher troponin testing rate was associated with lower adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for MACE at 30 days (0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89-0.98) and at 1 year (0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99) for each 10% increase in hospital troponin rate. Hospitals with high-testing intensity had higher rates of postoperative cardiology referrals, cardiovascular testing, and rates of new cardiovascular prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing vascular surgery at hospitals with higher postoperative troponin testing intensity experienced fewer adverse outcomes than patients who had surgery at hospitals with lower testing intensity.


Assuntos
Troponina , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , Masculino , Humanos , Idoso , Feminino , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Biomarcadores , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares/efeitos adversos , Hospitais , Ontário , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia
2.
Can J Anaesth ; 69(5): 572-581, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35386054

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: International practice guidelines make different recommendations for postoperative troponin testing to detect perioperative myocardial infarction and myocardial injury after noncardiac surgery. To gain insights into current testing patterns, we evaluated predictors of routine troponin testing after three commonly performed major noncardiac surgeries. METHODS: We conducted a population-based historical cohort study of adults having major orthopedic, colorectal, or vascular surgery in Ontario, Canada from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2017. We used hierarchical logistic regression modelling to assess the association of patient, surgery, and hospital factors with postoperative troponin testing, while accounting for clustering at the hospital level. We characterized hospital-level variation by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which was adjusted for various characteristics. RESULTS: The cohort included 176,454 eligible patients. Hospital-specific adjusted testing rates ranged from 0-20.1% for orthopedic surgery, 0-43.8% for colorectal surgery, and 19.6-88.0% for vascular surgery. Older age, urgent surgery status, and surgery duration were consistently associated with higher rates of testing for all three surgeries. Higher Revised Cardiac Risk Index scores were associated with higher odds of testing for orthopedic and colorectal surgery, but not for vascular surgery. Even after adjustment, the ICCs were 9.2%, 7.4%, and 24.1% for orthopedic, general, and vascular surgery, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Troponin testing varied substantially across hospitals for selected major noncardiac surgery procedures even after accounting for differences in patient-level cardiac risk factors. Our observations lend support to a more standardized approach for troponin testing after noncardiac surgery.


RéSUMé: CONTEXTE: Les directives de pratique internationales émettent différentes recommandations en ce qui concerne les dosages postopératoires de troponines afin de détecter l'infarctus du myocarde et les lésions myocardiques périopératoires après une chirurgie non cardiaque. Pour mieux comprendre les habitudes de test actuelles, nous avons évalué les prédicteurs de dosage de troponines de routine après trois chirurgies non cardiaques majeures couramment réalisées. MéTHODE: Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte historique basée sur la population d'adultes bénéficiant d'une chirurgie orthopédique, colorectale ou vasculaire majeure en Ontario, au Canada, entre le 1er janvier 2010 et le 31 décembre 2017. Nous avons utilisé un modèle de régression logistique hiérarchique afin d'évaluer l'association des facteurs liés au patient, à la chirurgie et à l'hôpital avec les dosages de troponines postopératoires, tout en tenant compte des groupements au niveau hospitalier. Nous avons caractérisé la variation hospitalière par le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (CCI), qui a été ajusté pour tenir compte de diverses caractéristiques. RéSULTATS: La cohorte comprenait 176 454 patients éligibles. Les taux de tests ajustés propres à l'hôpital variaient de 0 à 20,1 % pour les chirurgies orthopédiques, de 0 à 43,8 % pour les chirurgies colorectales et de 19,6 à 88,0 % pour les chirurgies vasculaires. Un âge plus avancé, un statut de chirurgie urgente et la durée de la chirurgie étaient systématiquement associés à des taux plus élevés de dosages pour les trois chirurgies. Des scores plus élevés sur l'Indice de risque cardiaque révisé étaient associés à des probabilités plus élevées de dosages pour les chirurgies orthopédiques et colorectales, mais pas pour les chirurgies vasculaires. Même après ajustement, les CCI étaient de 9,2 %, 7,4 % et 24,1 % pour les chirurgies orthopédiques, générales et vasculaires, respectivement. CONCLUSION: Les dosages de troponines varient considérablement d'un hôpital à l'autre pour certaines interventions chirurgicales non cardiaques majeures, même après avoir pris en compte les différences dans les facteurs de risque cardiaques liés au patient. Nos observations appuient une approche plus standardisée des dosages de troponines après une chirurgie non cardiaque.


Assuntos
Infarto do Miocárdio , Troponina , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Humanos , Infarto do Miocárdio/diagnóstico , Infarto do Miocárdio/epidemiologia , Ontário , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Fatores de Risco
3.
CJC Open ; 3(7): 904-912, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34401697

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In 2017, the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) published guidelines recommending postoperative troponin surveillance in higher-risk patients having major noncardiac surgery. The objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of major noncardiac surgery patients that would meet recommendations for troponin testing and to assess the rates of troponin testing before guideline adoption. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective observational study of patients age 40 to 105 undergoing a subset of major noncardiac surgeries that included orthopedics, gynecology, general, urology, vascular, and thoracic surgeries in Ontario, Canada from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017. The primary outcomes were the proportion of patients recommended for testing based on the guidelines and rates of troponin testing within 2 days of surgery. RESULTS: We identified 257,704 patients who underwent noncardiac surgery. Mean age was 66.4 ± 11.9 years, and 12.4% underwent urgent surgery. Applying the CCS guidelines, 71.2% of elective surgery patients and 81.0% of urgent surgery patients would have met recommendations for postoperative troponin screening, whereas 10.8% and 27.1% received postoperative troponin testing, respectively. Most elective surgery patients met recommendations for testing based on the age criterion (54.9%), followed by diabetes (24.6%) and high-risk surgery (22.7%) criteria. Troponin testing varied substantially by types of surgery: highest for open abdominal aortic aneurisms and lowest for hysterectomies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the CCS guidelines, most patients undergoing the subset of surgeries assessed would have met recommendations for routine troponin testing. In contrast, routine troponin testing before guideline adoption was done infrequently in Ontario, with substantial variations based on the surgery type.


INTRODUCTION: En 2017, la Société canadienne de cardiologie (SCC) a publié des lignes directrices dont les recommandations portaient sur la surveillance de la troponine en phase postopératoire chez les patients exposés à un risque accru de subir une intervention chirurgicale non cardiaque importante. L'objectif de la présente étude était d'évaluer le nombre de patients subissant une intervention chirurgicale non cardiaque importante qui répondraient aux recommandations sur le dosage de la troponine et de déterminer la fréquence des dosages de la troponine avant l'adoption des lignes directrices. MÉTHODES: Nous avons mené une étude observationnelle rétrospective auprès de patients âgés de 40 à 105 ans subissant des interventions chirurgicales non cardiaques importantes, à savoir des interventions de chirurgie orthopédique, de chirurgie gynécologique, de chirurgie générale, de chirurgie urologique, de chirurgie vasculaire et de chirurgie thoracique en Ontario, au Canada, du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2017. Les principaux critères d'évaluation étaient le nombre de patients pour qui le dosage était recommandé selon les lignes directrices, et la fréquence des dosages de la troponine dans les deux jours après l'intervention chirurgicale. RÉSULTATS: Nous avons relevé 257 704 patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale non cardiaque. L'âge moyen était de 66,4 ± 11,9 ans, et 12,4 % avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale urgente. En appliquant les lignes directrices de la SCC, 71,2 % des patients avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale élective et 81,0 % des patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale urgente répondaient aux recommandations de dépistage de la troponine en phase postopératoire, alors que respectivement 10,8 % et 27,1 % avaient reçu le dosage de la troponine en phase postopératoire. La plupart des patients qui avaient subi une intervention chirurgicale élective répondaient aux recommandations sur le dosage selon le critère d'âge (54,9 %), puis selon le critère de diabète (24,6 %) et le critère d'intervention chirurgicale à risque élevé (22,7 %). Le dosage de la troponine variait de façon substantielle selon le type d'intervention chirurgicale : le dosage le plus élevé lors des traitements chirurgicaux ouverts des anévrismes de l'artère abdominale et le dosage le plus faible lors d'hystérectomies. CONCLUSIONS: Selon les lignes directrices de la SCC, la plupart des patients qui subissaient les interventions chirurgicales évaluées avaient répondu aux recommandations de dosage systématique de la troponine. En revanche, le dosage systématique de la troponine avant l'adoption des lignes directrices était rarement réalisé en Ontario, et des variations substantielles selon le type d'intervention chirurgicale étaient observées.

4.
Diabetes ; 65(5): 1398-409, 2016 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26868296

RESUMO

Discovery of common pathways that mediate both pancreatic ß-cell function and end-organ function offers the opportunity to develop therapies that modulate glucose homeostasis and separately slow the development of diabetes complications. Here, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of pharmacological agonism of the prostaglandin I2 (IP) receptor in pancreatic ß-cells and in glomerular podocytes. The IP receptor agonist MRE-269 increased intracellular 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), augmented glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS), and increased viability in MIN6 ß-cells. Its prodrug form, selexipag, augmented GSIS and preserved islet ß-cell mass in diabetic mice. Determining that this preservation of ß-cell function is mediated through cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/nephrin-dependent pathways, we found that PKA inhibition, nephrin knockdown, or targeted mutation of phosphorylated nephrin tyrosine residues 1176 and 1193 abrogated the actions of MRE-269 in MIN6 cells. Because nephrin is important to glomerular permselectivity, we next set out to determine whether IP receptor agonism similarly affects nephrin phosphorylation in podocytes. Expression of the IP receptor in podocytes was confirmed in cultured cells by immunoblotting and quantitative real-time PCR and in mouse kidneys by immunogold electron microscopy, and its agonism 1) increased cAMP, 2) activated PKA, 3) phosphorylated nephrin, and 4) attenuated albumin transcytosis. Finally, treatment of diabetic endothelial nitric oxide synthase knockout mice with selexipag augmented renal nephrin phosphorylation and attenuated albuminuria development independently of glucose change. Collectively, these observations describe a pharmacological strategy that posttranslationally modifies nephrin and the effects of this strategy in the pancreas and in the kidney.


Assuntos
Nefropatias Diabéticas/prevenção & controle , Células Secretoras de Insulina/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Podócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores de Epoprostenol/agonistas , Acetamidas/uso terapêutico , Acetatos/farmacologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/metabolismo , Nefropatias Diabéticas/patologia , Nefropatias Diabéticas/fisiopatologia , Humanos , Hipoglicemiantes/farmacologia , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Insulina/agonistas , Insulina/metabolismo , Secreção de Insulina , Células Secretoras de Insulina/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Knockout , Mutação , Fosforilação/efeitos dos fármacos , Podócitos/metabolismo , Podócitos/patologia , Podócitos/ultraestrutura , Pró-Fármacos/uso terapêutico , Processamento de Proteína Pós-Traducional/efeitos dos fármacos , Pirazinas/farmacologia , Pirazinas/uso terapêutico , Interferência de RNA , Receptores de Epoprostenol/genética , Receptores de Epoprostenol/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal/complicações , Insuficiência Renal/metabolismo , Insuficiência Renal/patologia , Insuficiência Renal/prevenção & controle
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