Retraction Note: MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK.

The article "MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK", by L.-J. Wei, D.-M. Bai, Z.-Y. Wang, B.-C. Liu, published in Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2019; 23 (11): 4738-4745-DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_201906_18055-PMID: 31210300 has been retracted by the authors for the following reasons: This paper has been questioned on PubPeer (https://pubpeer.com/publications/0E5B55962B277F3D0ABBC0451DAAB3). In particular, concerns were raised about Figure 3 and Table I. Unfortunately, the authors are not able to confirm nor deny this concern as they did not find the primary data for figures. The authors decided to study this experiment again to deliver more precise results. After consultation among the authors, in line with the rigorous attitude towards scientific research, authors agreed that it was necessary to withdraw the article and make further research and improvement. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. https://www.europeanreview.org/article/18055.

[Clinical characteristics of 272 437 patients with different histopathological subtypes of primary esophageal malignant tumors].

Objective: To characterize the histopathological subtypes and their clinicopathological parameters of gender and onset age by common, rare and sparse primary esophageal malignant tumors (PEMT). Methods: A total of 272 437 patients with PEMT were enrolled in this study, and all of the patients were received radical surgery. The clinicopathological information of the patients was obtained from the database established by the State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment from September 1973 to December 2020, which included the clinical treatment, pathological diagnosis and follow-up information of esophagus and gastric cardia cancers. All patients were diagnosed and classified by the criteria of esophageal tumor histopathological diagnosis and classification (2019) of the World Health Organization (WHO). The esophageal tumors, which were not included in the WHO classification, were analyzed separately according to the postoperative pathological diagnosis. The χ2 test was performed by the SPSS 25.0 software on count data, and the test standard α=0.05. Results: A total of 32 histopathological types were identified in the enrolled PEMT patients, of which 10 subtypes were not included in the WHO classification. According to the frequency, PEMT were divided into common (esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, ESCC, accounting for 97.1%), rare (esophageal adenocarcinoma, EAC, accounting for 2.3%) and sparse (mainly esophageal small cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, etc., accounting for 0.6%). All the common, rare, and sparse types occurred predominantly in male patients, and the gender difference of rare type was most significant (EAC, male∶ female, 2.67∶1), followed with common type (ESCC, male∶ female, 1.78∶1) and sparse type (male∶ female, 1.71∶1). The common type (ESCC) mainly occurred in the middle thoracic segment (65.2%), while the rare type (EAC) mainly occurred in the lower thoracic segment (56.8%). Among the sparse type, malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma were both predominantly located in the lower thoracic segment (51.7%, 66.7%), and the others were mainly in the middle thoracic segment. Conclusion: ESCC is the most common type among the 32 histopathological types of PEMT, followed by EAC as the rare type, and esophageal small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma as the major sparse type, and all of which are mainly occur in male patients. The common type of ESCC mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment, while the rare type of EAC mainly in the lower thoracic segment. The mainly sparse type of malignant melanoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma predominately occur in the lower thoracic segment, and the remaining sparse types mainly occur in the middle thoracic segment.

[Risk factors of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer and perioperative intervention measures].

Gastric cancer is a common digestive system malignancy. Surgical operation is the main treatment of radical treatment for gastric cancer. Pulmonary infection is a common postoperative complication of gastric cancer. Because there is no clear and unified definition of pulmonary complications, the current researches show that the incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer is about 1.8%-18.1%. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary infection will prolong the hospital stay, increase the cost of hospitalization, and even develop into respiratory failure leading to early postoperative death. There are many factors affecting postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer, including age, smoking history, pulmonary function, pulmonary disease history, operation method, operation time, intraoperative bleeding volume, gastric tube retention time, postoperative lying time and so on. There are also many perioperative interventions. This article reviews the risk factors and perioperative interventions of postoperative pulmonary infection of gastric cancer.

[Clinical efficacy of two-staged Fowler-Stephens laparoscopic orchidopexy in the treatment of children with high cryptorchidism].

Objective: To Evaluate the clinic effect of two-staged laparoscopic Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy in the treatment of high cryptorchidism, and compare it with laparoscopic orchiopexy treatment without disconnecting spermatic vessels. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 cases of children with high cryptorchidism who were treated with two-staged Fowler-Stephens orchiopexy from January 2015 to April 2019 (F-S group). All the children in this group had unilateral cryptorchidism, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 13.5 months. Seven cases were on the left side, and 13 cases were on the right side. There were 20 control children in the same age group who were treated with testicular fixation without disconnecting spermatic vessels, age 6 to 18 months. The average age was 12.5 months. Six cases were on the left side, and 14 cases were on the right side. Testicular ultrasonography and sex hormone examination were conducted before operation. F-S group met the indications for Fowler-Stephens surgical. In the first stage, the testicular vessels were doubly clipped at a site away from the testis in laparoscopic, and the second stage was scheduled about 6 months after the first stage. The children in the control group were treated with laparoscopic orchiopexy without disconnect spermatic vessels. The two groups were followed up to 6 months after the operation, and the testicular volume and sex hormone indexes of the two groups were measured. The testicular volume and sex hormones before and after the operation of the F-S group and the control group were respectively subjected to a self-control study, and a hormone comparison study was carried out between the two groups of children. Results: Both the F-S group and the control group successfully fixed the testes in the scrotum without tension during the operation. In both groups, 20 cases of testicular positions were reexamined 6 months after the operation without retraction. All the patients had a viable testis in scrotum after operation. Two of F-S group had an atrophic testis in the scrotum, and the others had a good vascularization detected on echo color doppler ultrasound. The average testicular volume of F-S group was (0.34±0.16) ml before operation and the postoperative one was (0.38±0.13) ml, P=0.089, P>0.05. In control group, the preoperative average testicular volume was (0.40±0.14) ml, and postoperative one was (0.40±0.15) ml, P=0.933, P>0.05. The testicular volume of two group had no significant difference. Sex hormone reexamination: Testosterone (T), estradiol (E2) and luteinizing hormone (LH) did not change after operation. Prolactin (PRL) in F-S group was 13.44 µg/L before operation and 12.3 µg/L after operation, PRL in control group was from 15.45 µg/L to 10.34 µg/L, P=0.732, the change of prolactin (PRL) has no significant difference. The median preoperative follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) in the F-S group was 1.18 U/L preoperatively and 1.61 U/L postoperatively; the median FSH of the control group was 1.21 U/L preoperatively and 1.1 U/L postoperatively. Compared between the two groups, the postoperative increase in the FS group was higher than that before the operation, P=0.032, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. The median of progesterone (PROG) in the F-S group was 0.25 nmol/L before operation and 0.17 nmol/L after operation; the median PROG of the control group was 0.56 nmol/L before operation and 0.24 nmol/L after operation. It was lower after the operation than before the operation, P=0.034, P<0.05, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusions: (1) Laparoscopic Fowler-stephens staging operation is an effective method for the treatment of patients with high cryptorchidism, and it is worthy of further promotion. (2) Disruption of spermatic cord vessels does have an impact on hormones changes. The choice of this surgical procedure should be carefully and fully evaluated.

Upregulated lncRNA CACNA1G-AS1 aggravates the progression of colorectal cancer by downregulating p53.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) CACNA1G-AS1 in regulating proliferative and invasive abilities of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by mediating p53, thus influencing the progression of CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: CACNA1G-AS1 level in CRC tissues and adjacent normal tissues was first determined. Its level in CRC patients with different tumor stages was detected as well. Changes in proliferative and invasive abilities of HCT116 and SW480 cells influenced by CACNA1G-AS1 were evaluated. Subcellular distribution of CACNA1G-AS1 was analyzed. Through Western blot, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, the interaction between CACNA1G-AS1 and EZH2 was assessed. The biological function of the target gene of CACNA1G-AS1 was finally explored. RESULTS: CACNA1G-AS1 was upregulated in CRC tissues compared to adjacent normal ones. Its level remained higher in CRC patients with stage III-IV compared to those with stage I-II. Knockdown of CACNA1G-AS1 reduced proliferative and invasive abilities of HTC116 and SW480 cells. CACNA1G-AS1 was mainly distributed in the nucleus. Moreover, CACNA1G-AS1 was verified to interact with EZH2. Knockdown of CACNA1G-AS1 or EZH2 upregulated p53 level and decreased the recruitment ability of EZH2 on p53. Finally, p53 knockdown could partially reverse the regulatory effect of CACNA1G-AS1 on the proliferative ability of HCT116 cells. CONCLUSIONS: CACNA1G-AS1 downregulates p53 level by forming a carcinogenic complex with EZH2, thereby enhancing the proliferative and invasive abilities of CRC cells.

Association of Dysplastic Coronoid Process with Long-Face Morphology.

Vertical malocclusion is a developmental condition, resulting from complex interactions among multiple etiological factors during the growth period. As a tricky dentofacial deformity clinically, long-face (LF) morphology is characterized by excessive vertical facial growth with severe disarrangement of jaws and teeth. Since the improvement of LF patients on facial profile and occlusion is often difficult and lacks long-term stability, it becomes important to unravel the etiology of LF pattern formation for early prevention and treatment. In the current studies, we identified a transgenic mouse model that exhibited a dysplastic coronoid process and LF morphology. Although the mutant mice exhibited jaw structures and occlusion comparable to controls at birth, they all acquired typical LF morphology with anterior open bite during postnatal growth, resembling clinical features of the selected skeletal class III patients. Since the coronoid process provides an insertion site for the temporalis attachment, we examined the initial development and differentiation of the temporalis and found identical results in both control and mutant mice before E17.5 when the temporal muscle makes attachment to the coronoid process. However, thereafter, we observed altered orientation and reduced size of the cross-sectional area of the temporalis in mutant mice, which persisted to the weaning stage. Biomechanical analysis and simulation modeling further support the idea that altered morphology of the coronoid process may impair the efficiency of the vertical temporalis contraction and appears to correlate with LF formation. Consistently, we present evidence that a dysplastic mandibular coronoid process was also seen in some human patients with skeletal III LF morphology. Taken together, the results presented in this study establish an association of the craniofacial bony structures with vertical patterning, which will have implications in earlier prediction for clinical precaution and intervention.

Smad7 Regulates Dental Epithelial Proliferation during Tooth Development.

Tooth morphogenesis involves dynamic changes in shape and size as it proceeds through the bud, cap, and bell stages. This process requires exact regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. Smad7, a general antagonist against transforming growth factor-ß (TGF-ß) signaling, is necessary for maintaining homeostasis and proper functionality in many organs. While TGF-ß signaling is widely involved in tooth morphogenesis, the precise role of Smad7 in tooth development remains unknown. In this study, we showed that Smad7 is expressed in the developing mouse molars with a high level in the dental epithelium but a moderate to weak level in the dental mesenchyme. Smad7 deficiency led to a profound decrease in tooth size primarily due to a severely compromised cell proliferation capability in the dental epithelium. Consistent with the tooth shrinkage phenotype, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis revealed that Smad7 ablation downregulated genes referred to epithelial cell proliferation and cell cycle G1/S phase transition, whereas the upregulated genes were involved in responding to TGF-ß signaling and cell cycle arrest. Among these genes, the expression of Cdkn1a (encoding p21), a negative cell proliferation regulator, was remarkably elevated in parallel with the diminution of Ccnd1 encoding the crucial cell cycle regulator cyclin D1 in the dental epithelium. Meanwhile, the expression level of p-Smad2/3 was ectopically elevated in the developing tooth germ of Smad7 null mice, indicating the hyperactivation of the canonical TGF-ß signaling. These effects were reversed by addition of TGF-ß signaling inhibitor in cell cultures of Smad7-/- molar tooth germs, with rescued expression of cyclin D1 and cell proliferation rate. In sum, our studies demonstrate that Smad7 functions primarily as a positive regulator of cell proliferation via inhibition of the canonical TGF-ß signaling during dental epithelium development and highlight a crucial role for Smad7 in regulating tooth size.

MicroRNA-375 accelerates the invasion and migration of colorectal cancer through targeting RECK.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to detect the expression pattern of microRNA-375 in colorectal cancer (CRC), and to examine its specific mechanism in regulating the progression of CRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We detected microRNA-375 expression in 50 pairs of CRC and paracancerous tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Correlation between microRNA-375 expression and pathological indexes of CRC patients was analyzed. Cellular expression of microRNA-375 in CRC cell lines was detected as well. Regulatory effect of microRNA-375 on biological behaviors of CRC cells was examined, including proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities. We used bioinformatics method to predict the potential target of microRNA-375 and finally explored their interactive functions in regulating CRC progression. RESULTS: MicroRNA-375 expression remained higher in CRC tissues relative to paracancerous ones. CRC patients with a high level of microRNA-375 tended to have higher rates of lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis compared with those with a low level. Transfection of microRNA-375 inhibitor greatly reduced proliferative, invasive and migratory abilities of CRC cells. RECK was predicted to be the target of microRNA-375, which was downregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Besides, RECK expression was negatively regulated by microRNA-375 in CRC. Rescue experiments confirmed that microRNA-375/RECK axis promoted the malignant progression of CRC. CONCLUSIONS: MicroRNA-375 is upregulated in CRC, and correlated to lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis. MicroRNA-375 enhances invasive and migratory abilities of CRC cells via regulating RECK.

[Paediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma: a clinicopathological study of seven cases].

Objective: To investigate the pathological features and clinical manifestation of pediatric nodal marginal zone lymphoma(NMZL). Methods: Histological morphology and immunophenotype of 7 cases of pediatric NMZL were retrospectively reviewed at Beijing Friendship Hospital Affiliated to Medical University between January 2008 to October 2018. Clonal rearrangement analysis was performed. Clinical information including patient follow-up data were analyzed. Results: All 7 patients were male with a median age of 15 years aged from 10 to 26 years. All patients presented with only lymph node enlargement without B symptoms, including cervical lymph node (5 cases), preauricular lymph node (1 case) and retroauricular lymph node (1 case). Histologically, all cases showed irregular large follicles on the edges with widened marginal areas and intervesicular areas, and lesional cells were uniform with progressive transformation of germinal center centers along with a small amount of intrinsic lymphoid tissue. All 7 cases showed diffuse CD20 positivity both follicle and interfollicular region along with 30%-40% positivity in the interfollicular region (pathological region). Markers of other B-cell lymphomas werenot expressed. All 7 cases were positive for immunoglobulin(Ig) gene rearrangement. None of the patients showed no recurrence up on after follow-up for an average of 13 months. Conclusions: Pediatric NMZL is a rare type of lymphoma that has a unique morphology and occurs almost exclusively in male children and young adults and often in head and neck lymph nodes. It has an excellent prognosis. Therefore, awareness of the disease with accurate diagnosis is important.

Polymorphisms of the prolactin gene and their association with egg production traits in two Chinese domestic ducks.

1. Prolactin (PRL) as a polypeptide hormone which plays a crucial role in egg production traits. 2. Polymorphisms of the PRL gene were analysed with DNA sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism methods in two Chinese domestic laying duck breeds (Jinding, n = 400, Youxian, n = 400, respectively). 3. The results showed that one polymorphism was detected (A-412G) in intron 1 of the PRL gene, with three genotypes: AA, AG and GG. Association analysis showed that the ducks with the GG genotype had significantly greater egg production and egg weight than those with AG and AA genotype (p < 0.05). Hence, the 412A > G polymorphism of the PRL gene in intron 1 is a potentially valuable genetic marker for laying duck breeding programmes.

Treatment of skeletal open bite using a navigation system: CAD/CAM osteotomy and drilling guides combined with pre-bent titanium plates.

Severe skeletal open bite associated with posterior vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity is considered a difficult problem in orthodontic and surgical treatment. This study used a navigation system for the correction of severe skeletal open bite in order to accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation and achieve precise rigid internal fixation in bimaxillary osteotomies of the jaws. Twelve patients with a severe skeletal open bite associated with vertical maxillary excess and mandibular deformity were recruited. All patients underwent Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy with the guidance of this navigation system. Computed tomography and cephalometric examinations were performed to evaluate the correction of the deformity. Deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome were measured to determine the precision of the surgery. Satisfactory and stable results were achieved in all patients postoperatively, without complications or relapse during follow-up. Photographs and cephalometric evaluations showed that the facial profile and occlusion were improved. Assessment of the deviations between the simulated plan and actual postoperative outcome showed that the navigation system can precisely transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation. The results suggest that the navigation system can accurately transfer the virtual plan to the actual operation during bimaxillary jaw osteotomies, without relapse, in patients with a severe skeletal open bite.

[Clinical characteristics and treatment of congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical approaches and postoperative effects associated with congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes. Methods: A retrospective study design was used. Thirteen children (13 eyes) with congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes, treated in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 were included. The morphology of the membrane and the anterior chamber was evaluated using a digital wide-area fundus imaging system. The ophthalmic signs, examination results, operation methods, intraocular pressure and ocular position were analyzed. Results: There were 13 children (13 eyes) were enrolled, including 9 males and 4 females. The age at surgery ranged from 2.0 months to 34.5 months, with an median of 5.1 months. According to the degree of obstruction of the pupil and the intraocular pressure, the eyes were divided into three groups. In the 5 eyes of group A, the pupil membrane did not completely cover the pupil, and the depth of the anterior chamber was normal. Among them, 4 eyes had normal intraocular pressure (9-12 mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133kPa), and 1 eye had elevated intraocular pressure (18 mmHg). In the 5 eyes of group B, the pupillary membrane completely covered the pupil into a pinhole, the anterior chamber was normal or slightly shallow, and the intraocular pressure was normal (6-16 mmHg). In the 3 eyes of group C, the pupillary membrane completely covered the pupil, the anterior chamber was shallow or disappeared, and the intraocular pressure was high (24-45 mmHg). Membranectomy and pupilloplasty were performed in group A, and trabeculectomy was combined when there was glaucoma; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal (4-10 mmHg). Membranectomy, pupilloplasty and iridectomy were performed in group B; postoperative intraocular pressure was normal (7-13 mmHg). Membranectomy, pupilloplasty, iridectomy and goniosychialysis were performed in group C; after surgery, intraocular pressure was normal in 2 eyes (10 mmHg and 13 mmHg) and 25 mmHg in 1 eye. All eyes were orthophoric before and after operation in group A. In group B, 1 eye was esotropic, 2 eyes were exotropic (worse after surgery in 1 eye), and 2 eyes were orthophoric before surgery. In group C, one eye was esotropic, one eye was exotropic, and one eye was orthophoric before surgery, and all eyes were exotropic after operation. Conclusions: Congenital fibrovascular pupillary membranes are unilaterally a continuation of the iris covering the pupil at different degrees, with or without glaucoma. Surgical treatment should be performed promptly when there is obscuring of the visual axis or incorporating of glaucoma. The main surgical procedures are membranectomy and pupilloplasty and iridectomy. Postoperative intraocular pressure can be well controlled, and strabismus has no improvement. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2018, 54:849-854).

Precise control of maxillary multidirectional movement in Le Fort I osteotomy using a surgical guiding device.

We introduced a surgical protocol to achieve accurate maxillary multidirectional movement in Le Fort I osteotomies. This comprised a way of controlling precision and a guiding device together with prebent titanium plates. We evaluated the protocol using a semiautomated 3-dimensional assessment in 22 patients with maxillary multidirectional movement (movement in three or more of six directions). Operations were all done between October 2015 and April 2017 by the same surgeon, who followed the protocol strictly. To evaluate the accuracy, we measured the deviation of the orientation of landmarks and of the upper dentition. All cases were followed up for at least a year. They all involved maxillary movement in at least three directions, and nine involved movement in six. The guiding device was used intraoperatively in all cases. Vertical deviation of the segments of bone was often detected during removal of bone, and sagittal deviation in three cases, but we found no transverse deviations. The assessment of accuracy showed that the mediolateral, anteroposterior, and superoinferior translations of landmarks were all less than 1mm, with mean values of 0.29, 0.43, and 0.39mm, respectively. The pitch, roll, and yaw of the upper dentition were also less than 1°, with mean values of 0.60°, 0.35°, 0.36°, respectively. The proposed protocol allowed accurate reposition of the maxilla with multidirectional movement during Le Fort I osteotomy.

Surgical guide and CAD/CAM prebent titanium plate for sagittal split ramus osteotomy in the correction of mandibular prognathism.

This study was designed to introduce and evaluate the clinical use of a surgical guide and a CAD/CAM prebent titanium plate for sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in the correction of mandibular prognathism. We studied 14 patients who had been diagnosed, and treated by bilateral SSRO with the guide, during the period July 2015-January 2016. Surface deviations of distal segments from simulation until the end of the operation were measured on a coloured map. Deviations of position and orientation of the condyle and proximal segment from before to after operation, and those from simulation until the end of the operation, were measured with a 3-dimensional vector. All patients were followed up for at least a year. The coloured map showed that the mean (SD) distances were 0.40 (0.25)mm between the simulated and postoperative distal segments. The 3-dimensional vector showed that the mean values of mediolateral, anteroposterior, and superior-inferior translations of the condyles were less than 1mm (p<0.02) from before the operation until the end, and from simulation to the end of the operation, and the mean value of pitching for proximal segments was less than 1° (p<0.02) from simulation to the end of the operation. At the one year follow-up, the occlusions were stable. Based on accurate diagnosis and simulation, this guide takes the distal segment precisely to its planned position, and the condyle and proximal segment are well-controlled. This is a useful tool, which is comparatively easy to make and operate.

CdS nanoparticles of different lengths induce differential responses in some of the liver functions of mice.

Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles (CdS NPs) are one of important nanoparticle materials which are widely used in photoelectric production, but their potential health hazard to the liver is not clear. This study is aimed at exploring the possible mechanisms of liver injury induced by CdS NPs. Male mice were treated with nanoparticles of 110-130 nm and 80-100 nm cadmium sulfide. The main methods were based on detecting the vigor of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in both blood and liver tissues as well as on observing the pathological changes in liver tissue. CdS NPs suppressed the activity of SOD and GSH, and increased the serum MDA content (p < 0.05); both effects were observed together in liver tissues of 80-100 nm group (p < 0.05) and were accompanied by an obviously inflammatory response. CdS NPs induced oxidative damage and inflammatory response in liver tissue, which may be an underlying mechanism for its pulmonary toxicity. Additionally, the toxicity of CdS NPs was closely related to the size of nanoparticles. Pathological results showed that the hepatotoxicity of shorter CdS NPs is greater than that of longer CdS NPs (Tab. 6, Fig. 3, Ref. 20).

Pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin in crucian carp (Carassius auratus) after intravenous and intramuscular administration.

The pharmacokinetics of orbifloxacin was studied after a single dose (7.5 mg/kg) of intravenous or intramuscular administration to crucian carp (Carassius auratus) reared in freshwater at 25°C. Plasma samples were collected from six fish per sampling point. Orbifloxacin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with a 0.02 µg/ml limit of detection, then were subjected to noncompartmental analysis. After intravenous injection, initial concentration of 5.83 µg/ml, apparent elimination rate constant (λz ) of 0.039 hr-1 , apparent elimination half-life (T1/2λz ) of 17.90 hr, systemic total body clearance (Cl) of 75.47 ml hr-1  kg-1 , volume of distribution (Vz) of 1,948.76 ml/kg, and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vss) of 1,863.97 ml/kg were determined, respectively. While after intramuscular administration, the λz , T1/2λz , mean absorption time (MAT), absorption half-life (T1/2ka ), and bioavailability were determined as 0.027 hr-1 , 25.69, 10.26, 7.11 hr, and 96.46%, respectively, while the peak concentration was observed as 3.11 ± 0.06 µg/ml at 2.0 hr. It was shown that orbifloxacin was completely but relatively slowly absorbed, extensively distributed, and slowly eliminated in crucian carp, and an orbifloxacin dosage of 10 mg/kg administered intravenously or intramuscularly would be expected to successfully treat crucian carp infected by strains with MIC values ≤0.5 µg/ml.

Effects of silencing annexin A5 on proliferation and invasion of human cholangiocarcinoma cell line.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated the expression of annexin A5 (ANXA5) in human cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cell line and its effect on proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of human CCA cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Expression of ANXA5 was detected by fluorescent quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting method in 2 human CCA cell lines, QBC939 and RBE. 3 shRNA plasmids for ANXA5 silencing (ANXA5-sh1, ANXA5-sh2, ANXA5-sh3) and 1 negative control plasmid were constructed to infect QBC939 cells. The infection efficiency, expression of ANXA5, apoptosis and cell cycle of QBC939 cell were measured separately. RESULTS: The expression of ANXA5 in QBC939 cell was significantly higher than RBE cell. Expressed ANXA5 protein in the QBC939-KD cell (QBC939 cell treated by RNAi) was significantly lower than QBC939-BC (QBC939 cell) and QBC939-NC cells (QBC939 cell treated by scramble plasmid). The ratio of G0/1 phase cells and apoptosis rate increased in QBC939-KD cell. The proliferation activity and invasion ability decreased in QBC939-KD cell compared with QBC939-NC and QBC939-BC cells. CONCLUSIONS: ANXA5 play important role in the migration and apoptosis of CCA cells. Inhibiting the expression of ANXA5 significantly reduce the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of QBC939 cells, and increase the apoptosis of QBC939 cells.

[Ultrastructural alteration of extraocular muscle proprioceptor in congenital idiopathic nystagmus].

Objective: To explore the ultrastructural alteration of extraocular muscle proprioceptor in congenital idiopathic nystagmus (CIN). Methods: Case-control study. Ten extraocular muscle samples were collected from five CIN children who underwent nystagmus surgeries in Beijing Children's Hospital from March 2015 to March 2016. Another ten extraocular muscle specimens were collected from five strabismus children in surgery at the same period as normal contrast. There were 3 male patients and 2 female patients of CIN with age of 61-147 months (median age: 91 months). The ultrastructure of extraocular muscle proprioceptors was compared between these two groups by transmission electron microscope. Results: Twenty-three proprioceptors were found in extraocular muscle specimens of CIN children, whereas thirty-three proprioceptors were detected in strabismus children. The ultrastructure of extraocular muscle proprioceptor of CIN altered greatly comparing with that of the control. Fourteen extraocular muscle proprioceptors of CIN were discovered much smaller and vacuolated not only at inner capsules but also at the space between inner and outer capsules with lipofuscins and myeloid bodies in the intrafusal muscle fibers. Sensory nerve fibers degenerated greatly with a lot of lipofuscins and myeloid bodies in these sensory nerve fibers. Demyelination also appeared in some severe cases. Nine extraocular muscle proprioceptors of CIN showed significant dissolving degeneration of myofibrils and proliferation of collagen fibrils. The normal structures could not be distinguished in these proprioceptors. And these structural disorders also appeared in extrafusal muscle fibers and nerve endings. Conclusion: The ultrastructure of extraocular muscle proprioceptor in CIN turned much smaller and had significantly structural disorder.(Chin J Ophthalmol, 2017, 53: 136-139).

[Clinical utility of real-time fluorescent PCR for combined detection of anaplastic lymphoma kinase and c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase in non-small cell lung cancer].

Objective: To investigate the clinical application value of combined detection of ALK fusion gene and c-ros oncogene 1 receptor tyrosine kinase (ROS1) fusion gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using real-time fluorescent PCR. Methods: A kit for combined detection of ALK fusion gene and ROS1 fusion gene based on fluorescent PCR was used to simultaneously detect the two fusion genes in 302 cases of NSCLC specimens. The results were validated through Sanger sequencing. The consistency of the two detection methods was analyzed. Results: All 302 cases of NSCLC specimens were successfully analyzed through fluorescent PCR (302/302). 12 cases (4.0%) were found to contain ALK fusion gene, including 3 cases with ALK-M1, 3 with ALK-M2, 3 with ALK-M3, 1 with ALK-M4, and 2 with ALK-M6 fusion gene.12 cases (4.0%) were found to contain ROS1 fusion gene, including 1 case with ROS1-M7, 8 cases with ROS1-M8, 1 case with ROS1-M12, 1 case with ROS1-M14, and 1 case with double-positive ROS1-M3 and ROS1-M8 fusion genes. The total detection rate of ALK fusion gene and ROS1 fusion gene was 7.9% (24/302) and 278 cases showed to be negative for ALK fusion gene and ROS1 fusion gene. The successful detection rates for Sanger DNA sequencing were also 100%. The positive, negative and total coincidence rates obtained by real-time fluorescent PCR and by Sanger DNA sequencing were all 100%. Conclusions: The results of Sanger DNA sequencing demonstrate that the real-time fluorescent PCR assay is equally effective in detecting ALK and ROS1 fusion genes in NSCLC tissues. Furthermore, real-time fluorescent PCR assay can be used to detect trace ALK and ROS1 fusion gene simultaneously in tiny samples, and can save time and avoid repeated sampling. It is worthy of recommendation as a rapid and reliable detection technique.