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1.
Mol Biol Rep ; 50(2): 1375-1383, 2023 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36469260

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs known as essential regulators of cell-cell communication. Recent studies have revealed that miRNAs are secreted by a blastocyst in culture media. We hypothesized that endometrial epithelial cells take up embryo-derived miRNAs as well as other soluble factors and regulate their receptivity-related gene expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Blastocyst culture media (BCM) were collected from the individually cultured embryos, while human endometrial epithelial cells (HEECs) were collected from healthy fertile volunteers. To evaluate the effect of BCM on the endometrial receptivity gene expression, HEECs were co-cultured with implanted BCM, non-implanted BCM, and a control culture medium. After determining altered gene expression in the HEECs, the miRNAs-related genes through bioinformatics databases were identified and evaluated in the BCM. Co-culture of primary HEECs with BCM significantly stimulated the expression levels of VEGFA, HBEGF, HOXA10, and LIF in the implanted group compared with non-implanted and control groups. The fold changes of miR-195 significantly diminished in the implanted BCM group compared with the non-implanted BCM group. Reduced fold changes of miR-29b, 145 and increased miR-223 were also observed in the implanted BCM group compared with the non-implanted ones. CONCLUSION: miRNAs could function as potential gene expression regulators during implantation. These molecules are secreted by human blastocyst, taken up by endometrial epithelial cells, and cause a change in the endometrial function. We found that BCMs can be effective in implantation process by stimulating related receptivity gene expression.


Assuntos
MicroRNAs , Humanos , Feminino , MicroRNAs/metabolismo , Implantação do Embrião/genética , Blastocisto/metabolismo , Meios de Cultura/farmacologia , Expressão Gênica , Endométrio/metabolismo
2.
J Ovarian Res ; 15(1): 11, 2022 Jan 20.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35057828

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Melatonin, as a free radical scavenger exhibiting genomic actions, regulates the antioxidant genes expression and apoptosis mechanisms. In polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients, an imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in follicular fluid leads to oxidative stress, aberrant folliculogenesis, and intrinsic defects in PCOS oocytes. In this experimental mouse model study, oocytes of PCOS and the control groups were cultured in different melatonin concentrations (10- 5, 10- 6, and 10- 7 M) to investigate the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes (Gdf9/Bmp15), antioxidant-related genes (Gpx1/Sod1), apoptotic biomarkers (Bcl2/Bax) and total intracellular ROS levels. RESULTS: Gdf9 and Bmp15, Gpx1 and Sod1 were up-regulated in PCOS and control oocytes cultured in all melatonin concentrations compared to those cultured in IVM basal medium (P < 0.05). A significant decrease in the total ROS level was observed in all groups cultured in the supplemented cultures. Melatonin increased Bcl2 and decreased Bax gene expression in PCOS and control oocytes compared to non-treated oocytes. CONCLUSIONS: Melatonin increased antioxidant gene expression and regulated the apoptosis pathway, effectively reducing the adverse effects of culture conditions on PCOS oocytes. Furthermore, it influenced the expression of oocyte maturation-related genes in PCOS, providing valuable support during the IVM process.


Assuntos
Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Melatonina/farmacologia , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Apoptose/genética , Proteína Morfogenética Óssea 15/genética , Desidroepiandrosterona/toxicidade , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Glutationa Peroxidase/genética , Fator 9 de Diferenciação de Crescimento/genética , Técnicas de Maturação in Vitro de Oócitos , Camundongos , Oócitos/metabolismo , Oogênese/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/induzido quimicamente , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/genética , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/metabolismo , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/genética , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase-1/genética , Proteína X Associada a bcl-2/genética , Glutationa Peroxidase GPX1
3.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 110(5): 1134-1146, 2022 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35075781

RESUMO

Implantation of a suitable nerve guide conduit (NGC) seeded with sufficient Schwann cells (SCs) is required to improve peripheral nerve regeneration efficiently. Given the limitations of isolating and culturing SCs, using various sources of stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained from nasal olfactory mucosa, can be desirable. Olfactory ecto-MSCs (OE-MSCs) are a new population of neural crest-derived stem cells that can proliferate and differentiate into SCs and can be considered a promising autologous alternative to produce SCs. Regardless, a biomimetic physicochemical microenvironment in NGC such as electroconductive substrate can affect the fate of transplanted stem cells, including differentiation toward SCs and nerve regeneration. Therefore, in this study, the effect of 3D printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/polypyrrole (PPy) conductive scaffolds on differentiation of human OE-MSCS into functional SC-like phenotypes was investigated. Biological evaluation of 3D printed scaffolds was examined by in vitro culturing the OE-MSCs on samples surfaces, and conductivity showed no effect on increased cell attachment, proliferation rate, viability, and distribution. In contrast, immunocytochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis indicated that 3D structures coated with PPy could provide a favorable microenvironment for OE-MSCs differentiation. In addition, it was found that differentiated OE-MSCs within PCL/PPy could secrete the highest amounts of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor neurotrophic factors compared to pure PCL and 2D culture. After co-culturing with PC12 cells, a significant increase in neurite outgrowth on PCL/PPy conductive scaffold seeded with differentiated OE-MSCs. These findings indicated that 3D printed PCL/PPy conductive scaffold could support differentiation of OE-MSCs into SC-like phenotypes to promote neurite outgrowth, suggesting their potential for neural tissue engineering applications.


Assuntos
Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Polímeros , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Humanos , Crescimento Neuronal , Fenótipo , Poliésteres , Polímeros/farmacologia , Pirróis/farmacologia , Ratos , Células de Schwann , Alicerces Teciduais/química
4.
J Control Release ; 321: 430-441, 2020 05 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32097673

RESUMO

Alzheimer's disease (AD) as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is one of the leading causes of death globally. Among all treatment approaches, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-based therapy is a promising modality for neurological disorders including the AD. This study aimed to magnetically deliver human Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) toward the hippocampal area within the AD rat's brain and determine the effects of them in cognitive improvement. Rats were randomly divided into five groups as follow: vehicle-treated control, AD model (injection of 8 µg/kg of amyloid ß 1-42), IV-NTC (treated with IV-injected Non-Targeted Cells), IV-TC (treated with IV-injected Targeted Cells), and ICV-NTC (treated with Intracerebroventricular-injected Non-Targeted Cells). WJ-MSCs were labeled with dextran-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (dex-SPIONs, 50 µg/ml), by bio-mimicry method. SPIONs-labeled MSCs were highly prussian blue positive with an intracellular iron concentration of 2.9 ± 0.08 pg/cell, which were successfully targeted into the hippocampus of AD rats by a halbach magnet array as magnetic targeted cell delivery (MTCD) technique. Presence of SPIONs-labeled cells in hippocampal area was proved by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in which signal intensity was reduced by increasing the number of these cells. Behavioral examinations showed that WJ-MSCs caused memory and cognitive improvement. Also, histological assessments showed functional improvement of hippocampal cells by expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Overall, this study indicates MTCD approach as an alternative in MSC-based regenerative medicine because it approximately has the same results as invasive directly ICV-injection method has.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Nanopartículas Magnéticas de Óxido de Ferro , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Geleia de Wharton , Doença de Alzheimer/terapia , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Animais , Diferenciação Celular , Células Cultivadas , Humanos , Ratos
5.
J Cell Physiol ; 235(3): 2366-2376, 2020 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31549396

RESUMO

Diabetes is associated with numerous complications, such as diabetic skin wounds or ulcerations. The aim of this study was to evaluate experimentally the effectiveness of applying polycaprolactone (PCL)-gelatin scaffold, with or without rat CD93 hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), in diabetic wound healing in a rat model. CD93 HSCs were aseptically isolated from rat bone marrow using fluorescent activated cell sorting (FACS) method and FACS-SORTER. A total of 25 Wistar rats were divided into five groups including Group I (sham, nondiabetic, and wound covered only with sterile dressing), II (control, diabetic rat), III (CD93 HSCs alone), IV (PCL-gelatin scaffold), and V (CD93 HSCs+PCL-gelatin scaffold). Animals were killed on Days 7, 14, or 28 posttreatment and histological sections were blindly evaluated by two expert pathologists. Death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK-1) gene and vesicular endothelial growth factors (VEGF) protein expression were evaluated using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. The thickest and the thinnest epidermises microscopically were belonged to CD93+HSCs+scaffold and the control group, respectively. The growth rate of the epidermis and adnexal epithelia was the highest in both the cell and cell+scaffold groups. Evaluation of the protein expression level of VEGF indicated that the expression levels of this growth factor were the most on Day 7 posttreatment in sham, HSCs alone, and HSCs cell+scaffold groups. While the lowest expression levels of this growth factor was detected in the control and scaffold groups. The gene expression level of DAPK-1 on Day 7 posttreatment was higher than that of the Day 14 posttreatment in all groups. The highest and lowest gene expression levels of DAPK-1 belonged to control and sham groups, respectively. According to our findings, CD93 HSCs offer new prospects for the treatment of diabetic ulcers and concomitant application of these cells with PCL-gelatin nanofiber scaffold significantly improves diabetic wound treatment.


Assuntos
Proteínas Quinases Associadas com Morte Celular/genética , Complicações do Diabetes/genética , Subfamília D de Receptores Semelhantes a Lectina de Células NK/genética , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/genética , Cicatrização/genética , Animais , Complicações do Diabetes/patologia , Complicações do Diabetes/terapia , Gelatina/química , Gelatina/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/metabolismo , Humanos , Poliésteres/química , Poliésteres/farmacologia , Ratos , Alicerces Teciduais/química
6.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 229: 127-131, 2018 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30173088

RESUMO

The tight junction between epithelial cells helps making connections in the fallopian tube and contributes to successful fertilization. Breaking the tight junction complex induces various diseases such as the EP. Previous studies have shown that glucocorticoids are effective in repairing and maintaining intercellular tight junctions in epithelial cells of the fallopian tube, although their mechanism is still unknown. This research is a genomic study of hydrocortisone's effect on epithelial cells of the fallopian tube. Using the human fallopian tube, epithelial cell line (OE-E6/E7) was cultured in four concentrations of hydrocortisone (0 nM, 50 nM, 100 nM and 200 nM) for three durations (24 h, 48 h and 72 h). Glucocorticoids are effective on the expression of Zona occluding-1(ZO-1), Claudin 4, Claudin3, Desmoglein and E-cadherin genes involved in the tight junctions of the fallopian tube. The expression of all genes was up-regulated in the concentrations of 100 nM after 48 h treatment, as compared with the control (0 nM). However, their expression was down-regulated significantly after 72 h treatment (P < 0.05). The present study showed that treatment of epithelial cells of the fallopian tube with glucocorticoid increased the expression of genes involved in tight junctions, including claudin-3, claudin-4, E-cadherin, zona occludin-1 and Desmoglein-1. The obtained data suggests that a new mechanism is developed for glucocorticoid induction of tight junctions by increasing the expression of claudin-3, claudin-4, E-cadherin, zona occludin-1 and Desmoglein-1 genes.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Tubas Uterinas/efeitos dos fármacos , Hidrocortisona/farmacologia , Proteínas de Junções Íntimas/metabolismo , Junções Íntimas/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular , Células Epiteliais/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Humanos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Junções Íntimas/genética , Junções Íntimas/metabolismo
7.
Anim Sci J ; 88(4): 586-592, 2017 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27530294

RESUMO

The purpose of oocyte in vitro maturation is generation of mature oocytes that could support future development. Efforts have been made to enhance oocyte developmental competence by developing optimal culture conditions. The present study is conducted to determine melatonin effects on quality of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) oocytes when it has been added during in vitro maturation, and immature oocytes were cultured in defined conditioned medium with and without different melatonin concentrations. Melatonin could significantly improve nuclear maturation of PCOS oocytes (81.1% vs. 56.3%, P < 0.05 were achieved with 10-6 mol/L concentration). Cleavage rate was significantly higher in 10-5 mol/L concentration compared to untreated oocytes in PCOS (54% vs. 35%, respectively) and it was significantly higher with 10-6 mol/L concentration in the control group, 55% versus 38%, compared to untreated oocytes. This study showed that melatonin has the potential to induce oocyte nuclear maturation and guarantee fertilization potential. © 2016 Japanese Society of Animal Science.


Assuntos
Melatonina/farmacologia , Oócitos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Ciclo Estral/fisiologia , Feminino , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Fertilização in vitro , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Estimulação Química
8.
Neurotox Res ; 29(4): 514-24, 2016 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26818600

RESUMO

Kernicterus is a neurological syndrome associated with indirect bilirubin accumulation and damages to the basal ganglia, cerebellum and brain stem nuclei particularly the cochlear nucleus. To mimic haemolysis in a rat model such that it was similar to what is observed in a preterm human, we injected phenylhydrazine in 7-day-old rats to induce haemolysis and then infused sulfisoxazole into the same rats at day 9 to block bilirubin binding sites in the albumin. We have investigated the effectiveness of human adiposity-derived stem cells as a therapeutic paradigm for perinatal neuronal repair in a kernicterus animal model. The level of total bilirubin, indirect bilirubin, brain bilirubin and brain iron was significantly increased in the modelling group. There was a significant decreased in all severity levels of the auditory brainstem response test in the two modelling group. Akinesia, bradykinesia and slip were significantly declined in the experience group. Apoptosis in basal ganglia and cerebellum were significantly decreased in the stem cell-treated group in comparison to the vehicle group. All severity levels of the auditory brainstem response tests were significantly decreased in 2-month-old rats. Transplantation results in the substantial alleviation of walking impairment, apoptosis and auditory dysfunction. This study provides important information for the development of therapeutic strategies using human adiposity-derived stem cells in prenatal brain damage to reduce potential sensori motor deficit.


Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/citologia , Kernicterus/cirurgia , Transplante de Células-Tronco/métodos , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Anti-Infecciosos/toxicidade , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Citometria de Fluxo , Humanos , Ferro/metabolismo , Kernicterus/induzido quimicamente , Kernicterus/complicações , Masculino , Oxidantes/toxicidade , Fenil-Hidrazinas/toxicidade , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Filtro Sensorial/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfisoxazol/toxicidade
9.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 8: 4563-76, 2013.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24348035

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: A 3D-nanofiber scaffold acts in a similar way to the extracellular matrix (ECM)/basement membrane that enhances the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber scaffold on frozen-thawed neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and testis tissues. METHODS: The isolated spermatogonial cells were divided into six culture groups: (1) fresh spermatogonial cells, (2) fresh spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (3) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, (4) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (5) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue, and (6) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue seeded onto PLLA. Spermatogonial cells and testis fragments were cryopreserved and cultured for 3 weeks. Cluster assay was performed during the culture. The presence of spermatogonial cells in the culture was determined by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for spermatogonial markers (Oct4, GFRα-1, PLZF, Mvh(VASA), Itgα6, and Itgß1), as well as the ultrastructural study of cell clusters and SSCs transplantation to a recipient azoospermic mouse. The significance of the data was analyzed using the repeated measures and analysis of variance. RESULTS: The findings indicated that the spermatogonial cells seeded on PLLA significantly increased in vitro spermatogonial cell cluster formations in comparison with the control groups (culture of SSCs not seeded on PLLA) (P≤0.001). The viability rate for the frozen cells after thawing was 63.00% ± 3.56%. This number decreased significantly (40.00% ± 0.82%) in spermatogonial cells obtained from the frozen-thawed testis tissue. Both groups, however, showed in vitro cluster formation. Although the expression of spermatogonial markers was maintained after 3 weeks of culture, there was a significant downregulation for some spermatogonial genes in the experimental groups compared with those of the control groups. Furthermore, transplantation assay and transmission electron microscopy studies suggested the presence of SSCs among the cultured cells. CONCLUSION: Although PLLA can increase the in vitro cluster formation of neonate fresh and frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, it may also cause them to differentiate during cultivation. The study therefore has implications for SSCs proliferation and germ cell differentiation in vitro.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Cultura de Células/instrumentação , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácido Láctico/farmacologia , Nanofibras/química , Polímeros/farmacologia , Espermatogônias/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura de Células/métodos , Criopreservação , Ácido Láctico/química , Masculino , Camundongos , Poliésteres , Polímeros/química , Espermatogônias/citologia , Espermatogônias/fisiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Células-Tronco/citologia , Células-Tronco/fisiologia , Testículo/citologia
10.
Brain Res ; 1473: 214-26, 2012 Sep 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22842524

RESUMO

Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α) is an important cytokine, implicated in the control of stem cell trafficking and bone marrow-derived stem cell mobilization. Generally, SDF-1α regulates multiple physiological processes such as embryonic development and organ homeostasis. There is also good evidence that SDF-1α and its receptor CXCR4(1) are key regulators of neurorepair processes after brain ischemia and spinal cord injury. In this study, we investigated the influence of chronic intrathecal delivery of SDF-1α after spinal cord contusion. After contusion T9, male Wistar rats at the age of 12 weeks were intrathecally treated with SDF-1α in different doses (100, 500 and 1000 ng/ml) via an osmotic pump for 28 days. Thereafter, animals were subjected to an open field locomotor test. Behavioral scores were significantly higher in SDF-1α treated animals compared to placebo-treated groups. In addition, we evaluated histopathological changes in the spinal cord in the presence or absence of SDF-1α. Chronic delivery of SDF-1α decreased numbers of apoptotic cells, boosted astroglia and microglia response, induced angiogenesis, and potentiated the number of proliferating cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results clearly indicate an improved functional CNS long-term recovery after spinal cord injury. This behavioral restoration was paralleled by a reduction of apoptosis and changes in neuroinflammatory cells.


Assuntos
Quimiocina CXCL12/administração & dosagem , Regeneração Nervosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/administração & dosagem , Recuperação de Função Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Animais , Astrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Injeções Espinhais , Masculino , Microglia/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar
11.
Cell J ; 14(1): 39-46, 2012.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23626936

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Transplantation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) or Schwann cells (SCs) can facilitate axonal regeneration in peripheral nerve injuries. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of transplantation of BMSCs and SCs on functional recovery after injury to the sciatic nerve in the rat. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental research, adult male Wistar rats (n=24, 250-300 g) were used, BMSCs and SCs were cultured, and SCs were confirmed with anti S100 antibody. Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=8 in each group): 1; control group: silicon tube filled with fibrin gel without the cells, 2; BMSCs group: silicon tube filled with fibrin gel seeded with BMSCs and 3; SCs group: silicon tube filled with fibrin gel seeded with SCs. The left sciatic nerve was exposed, a 10 mm segment removed, and a silicone tube interposed into this nerve gap. BMSCs and SCs were separately transplanted into the gap in the two experimental groups and were labeled with anti BrdU and DiI respectively. After 12 weeks electrophysiological and functional assessments were performed and analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: Electrophysiological and functional assessments showed a significant difference between the experimental groups compared with the control group. Electrophysiological measures were significantly better in the SCs transplantation group compared with the BMSCs treatment group (p <0.05). Functional assessments showed no statistically significant difference between the BMSCs and SCs groups (p <0.05). CONCLUSION: Although both BMSCs and SCs have the potential to produce functional recovery after injury to the sciatic nerve in rats, electrophysiological evaluation confirms that the improvement after SCs transplantation is greater than that after BMSCs transplantation.

12.
Iran Biomed J ; 12(4): 197-202, 2008 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19079532

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Olfactory ensheathing glia (OEG) has been shown to have a neuroprotective effect after being transplanted in rats with spinal cord injury. This study was conducted to determine the possible beneficial results of olfactory mucosa transplantation (OMT) which is a source of OEG on functional recovery and axonal regeneration after transection of the sciatic nerve. METHODS: In this study, 36 adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The sciatic nerve was transected in 24 rats and immediately repaired by sciatic-sciatic anastomosis, and randomly divided equally into two groups. The experimental group received the OMT at the transected site and the control group received the respiratory mucosa transplant. In another twelve rats as sham-operated animals, the sciatic nerve was exposed but no transection was made. DiI retrograde tracing was injected in the gastrocnemius muscle two months after surgery to allow visualization of the extent of axonal regeneration. Functional recovery was also assessed at 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after surgery using walking track analysis and sciatic function index (SFI) calculations. RESULTS: The total number of DiI labeled motorneurones in the ventral horn (L4-L6) and the SFI scores were significantly higher in the group of rats that received olfactory mucosa rather than respiratory mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The outcome indicates that olfactory mucosa is a useful treatment to improve nerve regeneration in mammals with peripheral nerve injury.


Assuntos
Neurogênese , Mucosa Olfatória/transplante , Animais , Comportamento Animal , Feminino , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley
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