Seguimento de pessoas acometidas por doenças cerebrovasculares em um hospital regional amazônico: uma metodologia WHO STEP Stroke / Follow-up of people affected by cerebrovascular disease in a regional amazonic hospital: a WHO STEPS Stroke methodology

O WHO STEP Stroke foi desenvolvida para monitorar casos de doenças cerebrovasculares e possibilitar comparações de incidências. Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e funcionalidade de pacientes acometidos por AVC admitidos no Hospital Regional de Coari durante um ano, e acompanha-los ao longo de um mês após admissão. Método: Estudo descritivo observacional, prospectivo e de seguimento dos casos entre outubro de 2010 e outubro de 2011. Utilizou-se a primeira etapa (Step 1) do WHO STEP Stroke para avaliar as hospitalizações por AVC em Coari-AM. Foram acompanhados 23 pacientes através de questionário padrão em até dois dias na internação, 10 e 28 dias após a internação. Resultados: A população estudada tinha média de idade de 72,8 (DP= 12,4) anos, em sua maioria homens (65,7%), pardos (65,2%) e hipertensos (95,7%), com incidência hospitalar de 30 casos em 100.000 habitantes e taxa de letalidade em 10 dias de 30,4% e 28 dias de 34,8%. O comprometimento neurológico na internação teve mediana de 28 (IIQ= 15-38) pontos, sendo 73,9% classificados como grave. Houve comprometimento funcional entre os sobreviventes. Conclusão: Estudo revelou uma predominância de homens, com idade elevada, pardos, sem estudo formal, baixa renda e com histórico de hipertensão arterial e diabetes, como perfil de internação hospitalar por doenças cerebrovasculares no município. A incidência de casos hospitalares de AVC foi em 30 (por 100.000) em Coari-AM, com graves comprometimentos neurológicos na admissão, e altas taxas de letalidade e prejuízo funcional após 28 dias do evento, quando comparadas a outras localidades no Brasil e no mundo

The WHO STEP Stroke is a tool developed to monitor cases of cerebrovascular and allow comparison of its incidence throughout the world. Objective: To describe the sociodemographic profile and functionality of stroke inpatients admitted in Coari´s Regional Hospital and followed up one month after admittance. Method: This is a prospective, descriptive observational and follow-up study of cases between October 2010 and October 2011. In this study, we used the first step (Step 1) of the WHO STEP Stroke to assess stroke hospitalization in Coari-AM Twenty-three patients were monitored with a standard questionnaire up to two days after hospitalization, 10 days, and 28 after hospitalization. Results: The studied population had average age of 72.8 (SD= 12.4) years, mostly men (65.7%), brown (65.2%), and hypertensive (95.7%), with a hospital incidence of 30 cases for 100.000 people, and mortality in 10 days of 30.4% and 28 days of 34.8%. The neurological impairment at hospitalization had a median of 28 (IIQ= 15-38) points, with 73.9% classified as severe. There was an impairment in functionality among the survivors. Conclusion: This study showed the profile of hospital admittance for cerebrovascular disease in this city to be mainly composed by older men, brown, with no formal study, low income, and history of systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes. The hospital incidence for stroke was 30 (per 100.000) in Coari-AM, with severe neurological impairment at admission, with high mortality rates, and functional deficits 28 days after the event when compared to other regions in Brazil and in the world

Resveratrol prevents akinesia and restores neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta of diabetic rats.

This study evaluated the effects of resveratrol on locomotor behaviors, neuronal and glial densities, and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra pars compacta of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Animals were divided into four groups: non-diabetic rats treated with saline (SAL), non-diabetic rats treated with resveratrol (RSV), diabetic rats treated with saline (DM) and diabetic rats treated with resveratrol (DM+RSV). The animals received oral gavage with resveratrol (20 mg/kg) for 35 days. The open field test and the bar test were performed to evaluate bradykinesia and akinesia, respectively. The Nissl-stained neuronal and glial densities and the dopaminergic neuronal density were estimated using planar morphometry. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was evaluated using regional and cellular optical densitometry. In relation to the locomotor behaviors, it was observed that the DM group developed akinesia, which was attenuated by resveratrol in the DM+RSV group, while the DM and DM+RSV groups showed bradykinesia. Our main morpho-physiological results demonstrated: a decrease in the cellular tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity in the DM group, which was attenuated by resveratrol in the DM+RSV group; a higher neuronal density in the RSV group, when compared to the DM and DM+RSV groups; an increase in the glial density in the DM group, which was also reversed by resveratrol in the DM+RSV group. Resveratrol treatment prevents akinesia development and restores neuronal tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity and glial density in the substantia nigra pars compacta of diabetic rats, suggesting that this polyphenol could be a potential therapeutic option against diabetes-induced nigrostriatal dysfunctions.

Behavior outcome after ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, with similar brain damage, in rats.

Stroke causes disability and mortality worldwide and is divided into ischemic and hemorrhagic subtypes. Although clinical trials suggest distinct recovery profiles for ischemic and hemorrhagic events, this is not conclusive due to stroke heterogeneity. The aim of this study was to produce similar brain damage, using experimental models of ischemic (IS) and hemorrhagic (HS) stroke and evaluate the motor spontaneous recovery profile. We used 31 Wistar rats divided into the following groups: Sham (n=7), ischemic (IS) (n=12) or hemorrhagic (HS) (n=12). Brain ischemia or hemorrhage was induced by endotelin-1 (ET-1) and collagenase type IV-S (collagenase) microinjections, respectively. All groups were evaluated in the open field, cylinder and ladder walk behavioral tests at distinct time points as from baseline to 30 days post-surgery (30 PS). Histological and morphometric analyses were used to assess the volume of lost tissue and lesion length. Present results reveal that both forms of experimental stroke had a comparable long-term pattern of damage, since no differences were found in volume of tissue lost or lesion size 30 days after surgery. However, behavioral data showed that hemorrhagic rats were less impaired at skilled walking than ischemic ones at 15 and 30 days post-surgery. We suggest that experimentally comparable stroke design is useful because it reduces heterogeneity and facilitates the assessment of neurobiological differences related to stroke subtypes; and that spontaneous skilled walking recovery differs between experimental ischemic and hemorrhagic insults.