Determination of some antiemetic drugs through its native fluorescence or fluorescence quenching of cerrous ammonium sulphate.

The manuscript describes two fluorimetric methods for the determination of some antiemetic drugs namely granisetron HCl, ondansetron HCl and tropisetron HCl, used in the management of nausea and vomiting induced by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Granisetron HCl solution exhibits a native fluorescence, which can be applied for its determination at 365 nm upon excitation at 305 nm. The method was applied for the determination of granisetron HCl in drug substance, drug product as well as in presence of its acid induced degradation products. The quantum yield was calculated. The second proposed method is based on measuring the quenching effect induced by ondansetron HCl or tropisetron HCl on the fluorescence intensity of cerrous ammonium sulphate at λem 348 nm upon excitation at 250 nm in acidic medium. The analysis of quenching data showed that quenching of cerrous ammonium sulphate induced by ondansetron HCl or tropisetron HCl is mainly through dynamic quenching. Various variables affecting fluorescence response were studied and optimized. The obtained results were found to be statistically agreed with those obtained from the official or reported ones. Moreover, the validity of the methods was assessed according to ICH guidelines.

Validated Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of (Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin or Empagliflozin) and Metformin in the Presence of (1-Cyanoguanidine).

A simple and accurate liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the determination of either canagliflozin, dapagliflozin propandiol monohydrate or empagliflozin and metformin in presence of metformin major degradation product;1-cyanoguanidine. The Liquid Chromatographic (LC) method was based on isocratic elution on Prontosil (Lichrosorb 100-5-NH2) column using a mobile phase consisting of NaH2PO4 buffer (10 mM, pH 2.8):acetonitrile (18.5:81.5, v/v), at a flow rate of 2 mL/min-1. Quantitation was achieved with UV detection at 225 nm. The validation of the method was assessed according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Linearity, accuracy and precision were satisfactory over the concentration ranges of 12.5-100, 3.75-30, 0.3075-2.46, and 0.3125-2.5 µg/mL for metformin HCl, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin propandiol monohydrate and empagliflozin, respectively. Limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.068, 0.135, 0.077 and 0.069 µg/mL and 0.206, 0.410, 0.233 and 0.210 µg/mL for metformin HCl, canagliflozin, dapagliflozin propandiol monohydrate and empagliflozin, respectively. The developed method is suitable for the quality control and routine analysis of the cited drugs separately or in combinations.

High-risk and low-risk human papilloma virus in association to spontaneous preterm labor: a case-control study in a tertiary center, Egypt.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to detect the correlation between human papillomavirus (HPV) and spontaneous preterm labor in Egyptian women and its association to the human papilloma viral load and MPP2 gene expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed an observational comparative case-control study in Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, Mansoura University Hospitals over women presented with spontaneous preterm labor, besides females admitted for giving birth at full term to detect conserved sequence in HPV-L1 gene (GP5/GP6) followed by genotype detection of high- and low-risk HPVs with quantification of the viral load and the MMP2 gene expression using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: The prevalence of HPV was 18.1% in preterm females, but only 4% in full-term women (p value = 0.019*). Twenty percent were PCR positive for HPV 16 and 40% for HPV 18 whereas none of the control was positive for any of the studied high-risk genotypes. Thirty percent were PCR positive for HPV 6 and 10% were positive for HPV 11. MMP2 gene expression was significantly higher in preterm than full term. Human papilloma viral load was found to be positively correlated to the rate of MMP2 expression and the gestational age was significantly related to the viral load and the rate of expression of MMP2 gene. CONCLUSION: Human pabilloma virus especially high-risk genotypes was correlated to spontaneous preterm labor in Egyptian females through increasing early expression of MMP2 gene. The time of occurrence of preterm labor was affected by the viral load and so the rate of expression of MMP2 gene.

UreA and cagA genes of Helicobacter pylori in Egyptian patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and benign laryngeal polyps: a cohort study.

This work aims to estimate the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori ureA gene and evaluate cagA gene-positive strains in both patients of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and those with benign laryngeal polyps. This study included 49 patients confirmed pathologically to have LSCC and 15 patients with benign laryngeal polyps over a period from June 2013 to March 2015. Samples of laryngeal tissue were collected during direct laryngoscope under general anesthesia to be pathologically evaluated followed by analysis for H. pylori detection. Each laryngeal tissue sample was divided into three parts; one for bacteriological examination, the second for pathological examination and the third for PCR to detect both ureA and cagA genes. Out of 49 LSCC samples, 31 (64.6 %) was positive for ureA by PCR. Out of them, 29 samples (93.5 %) were cagA positive. Only three cases (20 %) of the benign laryngeal polyp were ureA positive by PCR and one of them was cagA positive by PCR. By the bacteriological culture, only eight samples (25.8 %) gave growth. All of them were ureA positive and only seven of them were cagA positive. There was a significant association between presence of H. pylori and LSCC as compared to benign laryngeal polyp which may contribute in the pathogenesis of laryngeal carcinoma. These results should be confirmed by further studies over larger number of cases.