Association between Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors and Immunohistochemical Profile in Women with Breast Cancer.

Background: The association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and breast cancer may significantly impact the mortality and incidence of breast cancer. This study aimed to assess the association between MetS risk factors and immunohistochemical (IHC) profiles in women with breast cancer. Methods: This cross-sectional study used the medical records of 300 breast cancer patients with an average age of 53.11±12.97 years in the Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy Clinic of Dr. Anbiai, Tehran, Iran (2020-2021). The cases were divided into five subgroups including luminal A, luminal B (HER-2-), luminal B (HER-2+), HER-2 overexpressing, and triple negative. Results: There was no difference in the prognostic indicators between the presence and absence of MetS in women with breast cancer. A higher proportion of luminal A tumors (39.3%), luminal B (HER-2+) (25%), triple-negative (17%), luminal B (HER-2-) (10.7%), HER-2 overexpression (8%) was observed in women with MetS than those without MetS. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients with MetS had a 41% higher chance of developing luminal A than those without MetS, and patients with a BMI≥30 Kg/m2 had an 80% higher chance of developing luminal B (HER-2+) than those with a BMI<30 Kg/m2. Moreover, women with a waist circumference higher than 88 cm had a 14 % lower chance of developing Luminal B (HER-2+) than those with a waist circumference less than 88 cm. Conclusion: There was no difference in prognostic indicators and IHC profile in patients with and without MetS.

The effect of encomir-93 mimic transfection on the expression of miR-93 and PSA and androgen receptor in prostate cancer LNcap cell line.

OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men with high mortality rate which is a major concern for men's health. However, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. miR-93 is an important oncogene which may have important function in prostate cancer.So, this study aimed to predict that encomir-93 mimic transfection on the expression of miR-93 and PSA and AR in prostate cancer LNcap cell line. METHODS: Lymph node carcinoma of the prostate (LNCaP) was cultured and then miR-93 mimics was designed, synthesized and the transfected to LNCaP. The expression level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and androgen receptor (AR) was determined via Real-time PCR after treated with 15 pmol of miR-93 mimics. RESULTS: miR-93 mimic transfection led to significant increase in PSA and AR expression in comparison with control group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The miR-93 and its target genes has important role in PCa progression via enhancement in PSA and AR expression. Further research on the function of the miR-93 and its target genes in tumorgenesis and progression PCa could be helpful for the treatment of prostate cancer.

Investigation of miR-133a, miR-637 and miR-944 genes expression and their relationship with PI3K/AKT signaling in women with breast cancer.

PURPOSE: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules capable of positively or negatively regulating signaling pathways, and are involved in tumorigenesis as well as various aspects of cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of miR-133a, miR-637, and miR-944 in serum and tumor tissues as well as their relationship with the expression level of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase-B (AKT) genes and proteins along with their clinical significance in breast cancer. METHODS: The expressions of miR-133a, miR-637, miR-944, PI3K, and AKT genes were examined in the tumor and tumor margin tissues of 40 patients with breast cancer, as well as the serum levels of miR-133a, miR-637, and miR-944 in these patients and 40 healthy groups by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). PI3K and AKT proteins expression in tumor and tumor margin tissues were detected using immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: The expression levels of miR-133a and miR-637 in the tumor tissue and serum of patients were lower than those in the tumor margin tissue and serum of the healthy group, respectively. In addition, the expression level of miR-944 in the tumor tissue was lower than that in the tumor margin tissue, but its expression increased in the serum of cancer patients compared to that in the healthy group. The expression of miR-637 was correlated with tumor location and Her2 receptors, and the expression of miR-944 was correlated with tumor location and family history. PI3K and AKT mRNA and protein levels were higher in the tumor tissues than in the tumor margin tissues (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of our study revealed that miR-637 has a better diagnostic value in breast cancer than miR-133a and miR-944.

Assessment of Tissue Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Parameters, and Zinc and Copper Levels in Patients with Breast Cancer.

Breast cancer is a multifactorial disease, and among the many factors which are involved in the onset, progression, and invasion of the disease, oxidative stress plays a significant role. The concentration and activity of enzymatic antioxidants are proportional to the concentration of trace elements, and the concentration of trace elements is often deficient in malignancies. Therefore, in the present study, we studied the tissue levels of oxidative stress, antioxidant status, zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) in breast cancer patients. Tissue samples were collected from 40 patients with breast cancer and 40 tumor margin tissue as a control group. All subjects gave their informed consent. The tissue samples were measured for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidants capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), malondialdehyde (MDA), Zn, and Cu. Data of all biochemical parameters of two groups were statistically analyzed by SPSS software, t test, and GraphPad Prism. Concentrations of MDA, TOS, and OSI in tumor tissue were significantly higher than tumor margin tissue, but the level of TAC and CAT, SOD, and GPX activities was significantly reduced in tumor tissue (p<0.05). It was found that the concentrations of Zn and Cu in breast cancer patients were higher than tumor margin tissue. Patients with breast cancer have a rise in oxidative stress indicators and a decrease in antioxidant stress markers. Since oxidative stress is a significant contributor to the development and progression of breast cancer, more research might lead to a more effective method of breast cancer treatment. Considering the dual role of oxidative stress in cancer, which can both cause survival and adaptation, and the death of cancer cells, and with more information, it can be used to manage the treatment and destruction of cancer cells.