RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To present a new dexamethasone mouthwash formulation and analyze its effectiveness and safety among patients receiving stomatitis-producing antineoplastic agents. METHOD: Prospective observational study conducted in a university hospital between March 2017 and November 2019. Consecutive patients starting everolimus were enrolled. Patients were instructed to rinse dexamethasone mouthwash formulation twice daily until discontinuation of everolimus. A second cohort of patients with existing stomatitis induced by high probability of producing stomatitis chemotherapy therapies was also recruited to assess treatment effectiveness. Effectiveness and safety of dexamethasone mouthwash formulation was assessed. RESULTS: Dexamethasone mouthwash formulation was prescribed in nine patients as prophylaxis. Six patients were diagnosed with breast cancer, two with neuroendocrine tumor and one with renal cell carcinoma. Four patients developed mild stomatitis (grade 1-2) and three patients discontinued everolimus due to other treatment-related adverse events. In addition, dexamethasone mouthwash formulation was prescribed as treatment in five patients with existing stomatitis. All patients achieved a significant reduction in the severity of stomatitis after starting the dexamethasone mouthwash formulation. In both cohorts, dexamethasone mouthwash formulation was well tolerated and neither dose reduction nor discontinuation related to stomatitis was required. CONCLUSIONS: Dexamethasone mouthwash formulation could be considered as a suitable alternative for stomatitis management.
Objetivo: Describir una nueva formulación de enjuague bucal con dexametasona y analizar su efectividad y seguridad en pacientes que reciben agentes antineoplásicos que producen estomatitis.Método: Estudio observacional prospectivo realizado en un hospital universitario entre marzo de 2017 y noviembre de 2019. Se incluyeron los pacientes que iniciaron everolimus. El tratamiento consistió en enjuagar con solución oral de dexametasona dos veces al día hasta la interrupción del tratamiento con everolimus. Se reclutó una segunda cohorte de pacientes con estomatitis inducida por otros agentes antineoplásicos con alta probabilidad de provocar estomatitis. Se evaluó la efectividad y seguridad del enjuague bucal con dexametasona.Resultados: Se reclutaron nueve pacientes en profilaxis con formulación de enjuague bucal con dexametasona; seis pacientes presentaban un diagnóstico de cáncer de mama, dos de tumor neuroendocrino y uno de carcinoma renal. Cuatro pacientes desarrollaron estomatitis leve (grado 1-2) y tres pacientes descontinuaron everolimus por otros eventos adversos relacionados con el tratamiento. Se prescribió enjuague bucal con dexametasona en cinco pacientes con estomatitis existente como tratamiento. Todos los pacientes lograron una reducción significativa de la gravedad de la estomatitis tras iniciar el enjuague bucal con dexametasona. En general, el nuevo enjuague bucal con dexametasona fue bien tolerado y no se requirieron reducción de dosis ni interrupción debido a estomatitis.Conclusiones: La nueva formulación de enjuague bucal con dexametasona podría considerarse una alternativa adecuada para el manejo de la estomatitis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama , Neoplasias Renais , Estomatite , Dexametasona/uso terapêutico , Feminino , Humanos , Antissépticos Bucais/uso terapêutico , Estomatite/induzido quimicamente , Estomatite/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Vancomycin has usually been associated with nephrotoxicity. Generally, this toxicity is presented as proximal tubular cells injury with or without necrosis and as acute interstitial nephritis. However, development of both lesions is uncommonly described in literature. We present a case of vancomycin-induced nephrotoxicity resulting in both acute interstitial nephritis and tubular cells damage confirmed by renal biopsy. Peak and trough levels of 77.11 and 63.60 µg/mL, respectively, were obtained at the first plasma determination. After 8 more plasma determinations and several hemodialysis sessions, vancomycin levels were undetectable 1 month after therapy was stopped. To our knowledge, this is the case report with the highest vancomycin trough levels developing both lesions and describing total vancomycin washout after a biopsy-proven vancomycin toxicity. In conclusion, early vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring should be performed in order to avoid toxicities where, as seen in our patient, antibiotic exposure could last around 1 month after last dose administration.