An Overview of the Clinical Uses, Pharmacology, and Safety of Modafinil.

Modafinil (MOD) is a wakefulness-inducing compound prescribed for treatment of excessive daytime sleepiness as a consequence of sleep disturbances such as shift work sleep disorder, obstructive sleep apnea, restless leg syndrome, or narcolepsy. While providing effective results in patients with sleepiness, MOD also produces positive outcomes in the management of fatigue associated with different conditions including depression, cancer, or tiredness in military personnel. Although there is clear evidence of the stimulant effects of MOD, current data also show that administration of this drug apparently induces positive neurobiological effects, such as improvement in memory. However, serious concerns have been raised since some reports have suggested MOD dependence. Taken together, these findings highlight the need to characterize the changes induced by MOD which have been observed in several neurobiological functions. Moreover, further work should follow up on the likely long-term effects of this drug if used for treatment of drowsiness and tiredness. Here, we review and summarize recent findings of the medical uses of MOD in the management of sleepiness and fatigue associated with depression or cancer as well as exhaustion in military personnel. We also discuss the available literature related with the cognitive enhancing properties of this stimulant, as well as what is known and unknown about MOD addiction.

Depressão na mulher / Depression in women

A especial atenção que é dada à mulher quando se aborda a depressão justifica-se primordialmente pela maior prevalência deste transtorno no sexo feminino. As pacientes com transtornos depressivos habitualmente freqüentam os serviços de atendimento médico primário. Pode-se dizer, então, que a depressão na mulher faz parte do cotidiano clínico do médico em geral. Apesar disso, menos da metade dessas pacientes recebe tratamento mínimo adequado. Reconhecimento e tratamento adequados dos casos não só contribuem para a prevenção de complicações e novos episódios depressivos como para uma melhor resposta aos tratamentos clínicos e maior adesão terapêutica. Sendo assim, o estudo da depressão na mulher nos parece fundamental para a boa prática médica. Descreveremos neste artigo os aspectos clínicos particulares da mulher e as relações entre a depressão e o ciclo de vida feminino.