Effect of the Healthy Dish Method to Reduce Waist Circumference in Teachers with Abdominal Obesity of a Peruvian University.

Introduction: Obesity has increased steadily in recent decades, becoming a worldwide pandemic. Objective: To determine the effect of the "Healthy Dish" method to reduce waist circumference in teachers with abdominal obesity in a Peruvian University. Methods: Quasi-experimental, prospective study in 43 teachers, divided into 21 in the control group and 22 in the experimental group, who received a two-session workshop on abdominal obesity and the "Healthy Dish" method. The latter was applied for 2 months, monitored 5 days a week, the waist circumference of both groups was measured at one month and at two months and compared. For the statistical analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics or nonparametric statistics were applied (Mann-Whitney U-test, according to the assumption of normality). Results: The predominant age range was 40 to 49 years, women, married, overweight, with a family history of hypertension, cancer and diabetes mellitus. After the intervention, 40.9% of teachers in the experimental group decreased their waist circumference and 54.5% normalized it, while the control group decreased it by 23.8% and 47.6% normalized it. Only 4.54% of teachers in the experimental group showed no change in their waist circumference, compared to 19.0% in the control group, and 9.52% of teachers in the control group increased their waist circumference. Conclusion: The healthy dish method has a positive effect on decreasing waist circumference in teachers with abdominal obesity.

ETV6::NTRK3 Fusion-Positive Wild-Type Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (GIST) with Abundant Lymphoid Infiltration (TILs and Tertiary Lymphoid Structures): A Report on a New Case with Therapeutic Implications and a Literature Review.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, with proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase (c-kit), or PDGFRα mutations detected in around 85% of cases. GISTs without c-kit or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) mutations are considered wild-type (WT), and their diverse molecular alterations and biological behaviors remain uncertain. They are usually not sensitive to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). Recently, some molecular alterations, including neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) fusions, have been reported in very few cases of WT GISTs. This novel finding opens the window for the use of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitor therapy in these subtypes of GIST. Herein, we report a new case of NTRK-fused WT high-risk GIST in a female patient with a large pelvic mass (large dimension of 20 cm). The tumor was removed, and the histopathology displayed spindle-predominant morphology with focal epithelioid areas, myxoid stromal tissue, and notable lymphoid infiltration with tertiary lymphoid structures. Ten mitoses were quantified in 50 high-power fields without nuclear pleomorphism. DOG1 showed strong and diffuse positivity, and CD117 showed moderate positivity. Succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) was retained, Pan-TRK was focal positive (nuclear pattern), and the proliferation index Ki-67 was 7%. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) detected an ETV6::NTRK3 fusion, and this finding was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which showed NTRK3 rearrangement. In addition, an RB1 mutation was found by NGS. The follow-up CT scan revealed peritoneal nodules suggestive of peritoneal dissemination, and Entrectinib (a TRK inhibitor) was administered. After 3 months of follow-up, a new CT scan showed a complete response. Based on our results and the cases from the literature, GISTs with NTRK fusions are very uncommon so far; hence, further screening studies, including more WT GIST cases, may increase the possibility of finding additional cases. The present case may offer new insights into the potential introduction of TRK inhibitors as treatments for GISTs with NTRK fusions. Additionally, the presence of abundant lymphoid infiltration in the present case may prompt further research into immunotherapy as a possible additional therapeutic option.

Láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica al eritema multiforme idiopático. Informe de caso

El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad aguda de la piel y/o de las mucosas de naturaleza inmunológica, siendo está de etiología desconocida. Solo el 20% de los casos se dan en niños. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y el examen físico y el tratamiento no está sistematizado. La terapia con láser de baja potencia está siendo cada vez más utilizada en el campo estomatológico. El objetivo fue evidenciar los beneficios del láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica. Este caso corresponde a un paciente de 10 años de edad, que acudió a la cátedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), derivado del Hospital General de Barrio Obrero con antecedentes de internación por presentar lesiones erosivas en labios, boca y máculas en toráx, abdomen, orejas y miembros. En el examen intraoral costras serohemáticas negruzcas en labios, lesiones ulceradas en lengua, piso de boca, paladar duro y mucosa yugal. Se procedió a hacer una lavado de la zona con agua oxigenada, en las áreas afectadas se colocó azul de metileno al 0,01% por 5 minutos, y para la aplicación de laserterapia se realizó una única sesión. El paciente mostró gran evolución a las 24 horas de la aplicación del tratamiento. A los 8 días estaba sin lesiones y asintomático. La fotobioestimulación a nivel celular que ofrece el láser de baja potencia es una herramienta verosímil que se suma a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

Erythema multiforme is an acute disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes of an immunologic nature, the etiology of which is unknown. Only 20% of cases occur in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination and treatment is not systematized. Low power laser therapy is being increasingly used in the stomatological field. The objective was to demonstrate the benefits of low power laser as a therapeutic alternative. This case corresponds to a 10-year-old patient, who came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion (UNA), referred from the General Hospital of Barrio Obrero with a history of hospitalization for presenting erosive lesions on the lips, mouth and macules on the thorax, abdomen, ears and limbs. In the intraoral examination, blackish serohematic crusts on the lips, ulcerated lesions on the tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate and jugal mucosa. The area was washed with hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue 0.01% was applied to the affected areas for 5 minutes, and only a single session was performed for the application of the laser therapy. The patient showed great evolution 24 hours after the application of the treatment. After 8 days he was completely free of lesions and asymptomatic. The photo-biostimulation at the cellular level offered by the low power laser is a credible tool that adds to new therapeutic options.

O eritema multiforme é uma doença aguda da pele e/ou mucosas de natureza imunológica, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. Apenas 20% dos casos ocorrem em crianças. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e no exame físico. O tratamento não é sistematizado. A terapia laser de baixa potência é cada vez mais utilizada no campo estomatológico. O objectivo foi demonstrar os benefícios do laser de baixa potência como uma alternativa terapêutica. Este caso corresponde a um paciente de 10 anos de idade que veio ao Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional de Asunción (UNA) e foi encaminhado do Hospital Geral do Bairro Obrero com um historial de hospitalização por apresentar lesões erosivas nos lábios, boca e máculas no tórax, abdómen, orelhas e membros. No exame intraoral, crostas serohaemáticas negras nos lábios, lesões ulceradas na língua, chão da boca, palato duro e mucosa jugal. A área foi lavada com peróxido de hidrogénio, azul de metileno 0,01% foi aplicado nas áreas afectadas durante 5 minutos, e foi realizada uma única sessão de laserterapia. O paciente mostrou uma grande evolução 24 horas após a aplicação do tratamento. Após 8 dias, estava completamente livre de lesões e assintomático. A foto-biostimulação a nível celular oferecida pelo laser de baixa potência é uma ferramenta credível que se soma a novas opções terapêuticas.

Láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica al eritema multiforme idiopático. Informe de caso

El eritema multiforme es una enfermedad aguda de la piel y/o de las mucosas de naturaleza inmunológica, siendo está de etiología desconocida. Solo el 20% de los casos se dan en niños. El diagnóstico se basa en la historia clínica y el examen físico y el tratamiento no está sistematizado. La terapia con láser de baja potencia está siendo cada vez más utilizada en el campo estomatológico. El objetivo fue evidenciar los beneficios del láser de baja potencia como alternativa terapéutica. Este caso corresponde a un paciente de 10 años de edad, que acudió a la cátedra de Patología Bucal de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción (UNA), derivado del Hospital General de Barrio Obrero con antecedentes de internación por presentar lesiones erosivas en labios, boca y máculas en toráx, abdomen, orejas y miembros. En el examen intraoral costras serohemáticas negruzcas en labios, lesiones ulceradas en lengua, piso de boca, paladar duro y mucosa yugal. Se procedió a hacer una lavado de la zona con agua oxigenada, en las áreas afectadas se colocó azul de metileno al 0,01% por 5 minutos, y para la aplicación de laserterapia se realizó una única sesión. El paciente mostró gran evolución a las 24 horas de la aplicación del tratamiento. A los 8 días estaba sin lesiones y asintomático. La fotobioestimulación a nivel celular que ofrece el láser de baja potencia es una herramienta verosímil que se suma a nuevas opciones terapéuticas.

Erythema multiforme is an acute disease of the skin and/or mucous membranes of an immunologic nature, the etiology of which is unknown. Only 20% of cases occur in children. Diagnosis is based on clinical history and physical examination and treatment is not systematized. Low power laser therapy is being increasingly used in the stomatological field. The objective was to demonstrate the benefits of low power laser as a therapeutic alternative. This case corresponds to a 10-year-old patient, who came to the Department of Oral Pathology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the National University of Asuncion (UNA), referred from the General Hospital of Barrio Obrero with a history of hospitalization for presenting erosive lesions on the lips, mouth and macules on the thorax, abdomen, ears and limbs. In the intraoral examination, blackish serohematic crusts on the lips, ulcerated lesions on the tongue, floor of the mouth, hard palate and jugal mucosa. The area was washed with hydrogen peroxide, methylene blue 0.01% was applied to the affected areas for 5 minutes, and only a single session was performed for the application of the laser therapy. The patient showed great evolution 24 hours after the application of the treatment. After 8 days he was completely free of lesions and asymptomatic. The photo-biostimulation at the cellular level offered by the low power laser is a credible tool that adds to new therapeutic options.

O eritema multiforme é uma doença aguda da pele e/ou mucosas de natureza imunológica, cuja etiologia é desconhecida. Apenas 20% dos casos ocorrem em crianças. O diagnóstico é baseado na história clínica e no exame físico. O tratamento não é sistematizado. A terapia laser de baixa potência é cada vez mais utilizada no campo estomatológico. O objectivo foi demonstrar os benefícios do laser de baixa potência como uma alternativa terapêutica. Este caso corresponde a um paciente de 10 anos de idade que veio ao Departamento de Patologia Oral da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade Nacional de Asunción (UNA) e foi encaminhado do Hospital Geral do Bairro Obrero com um historial de hospitalização por apresentar lesões erosivas nos lábios, boca e máculas no tórax, abdómen, orelhas e membros. No exame intraoral, crostas serohaemáticas negras nos lábios, lesões ulceradas na língua, chão da boca, palato duro e mucosa jugal. A área foi lavada com peróxido de hidrogénio, azul de metileno 0,01% foi aplicado nas áreas afectadas durante 5 minutos, e foi realizada uma única sessão de laserterapia. O paciente mostrou uma grande evolução 24 horas após a aplicação do tratamento. Após 8 dias, estava completamente livre de lesões e assintomático. A foto-biostimulação a nível celular oferecida pelo laser de baixa potência é uma ferramenta credível que se soma a novas opções terapêuticas.

Producción científica de la maestría de farmacoepidemiología en Cuba: Revisión de trabajos de tesis / Scientific production of master's degree in pharmacoepidemiology in Cuba: Descriptive review of thesis works

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar las investigaciones realizadas en farmacoepidemiología a partir de las tesis de Maestría de Farmacoepidemiología de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, La Habana, Cuba. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo; se analizaron 124 tesis defendidas en las cuatro ediciones de la maestría, entre los años 2010 y 2019. Las variables fueron profesión y lugar de residencia de los autores, línea de investigación de la maestría que se abordó, tipo de estudio, tipo de Estudio de Utilización de Medicamentos (EUM), grupos farmacológicos que se investigaron y si los resultados se publicaron en revistas científicas. Los resultados se resumieron en porcentajes. Resultados: La mayoría de los autores eran graduados de Medicina (50.0%) y residían en La Habana 53.2%. Las líneas de investigación más abordadas fueron calidad de la prescripción de medicamentos (43.5%) y farmacovigilancia, 30.6 %. Se identificaron 72 EUM y predominó el tipo prescripción-indicación (27.7%). Predominó el análisis de antimicrobianos (28.5%) y de los fármacos cardiovasculares (29.7%). Fueron publicadas en revistas científicas solo el 22.5% de las investigaciones. Conclusiones: Los temas de tesis de la maestría están en concordancia con las prioridades del sistema sanitario cubano para lograr un uso racional de los medicamentos; los informes de investigación que resultan como trabajo final de la maestría constituyen una referencia de la investigación en ese campo en Cuba. Se debe incentivar la participación de otros profesionales, el diseño de otros tipos de estudios y la publicación de los resultados.

Abstract Objective: To characterize the research carried out in pharmacoepidemiology based on the master's theses in Pharmacoepidemiology of the National School of Public Health, Havana, Cuba. Materials and method: It was done a descriptive study; 124 theses defended in the four editions of the master's degree were analyzed, between 2010 and 2019. The variables were profession and place of residence of authors, line of research of the master's degree that was addressed, type of study, type of Drug Utilization Research (DUR), pharmacological groups that were investigated and whether the results were published in scientific journals. The results were summarized in percentages. Results: Most of the authors were medicine graduates (50.0%) and 53.2% resided in Havana. The researched lines of most addressed were quality of drug prescription (43.5%) and pharmacovigilance, 30.6%. 72 DUR, prescription-indication type prevailed were identified (27.7%). The analysis of antimicrobials (28.5%) and cardiovascular drugs (29.7%) predominated. Only 22.5% of the investigations were published in scientific journals. Conclusions: The topics of the master's thesis are in accordance with the priorities of the Cuban health system to achieve a rational use of medicines; the research reports that result as the final work of the master's degree constitute a reference of the research in that field in Cuba. The participation of other professionals, the design of other types of studies and the publication of the results should be encouraged.

Prácticas y saberes de excombatientes de las FARC-EP sobre el tratamiento de la leishmaniasis cutánea / Practices and knowledge of ex-combatents of the FARC-EP on the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis

RESUMEN Introducción: La Leishmaniasis es una enfermedad infecciosa parasitaria zoonótica que afecta la piel, las mucosas y las vísceras. Es endémica en 98 países y hay más de 350 millones de personas en riesgo de transmisión. En Colombia, los campamentos de las antiguas Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, se ubicaban en zonas selváticas donde la enfermedad está presente. El objetivo del presente trabajo está dirigido a describir las prácticas y saberes de los excombatientes de las FARC-EP sobre la Leishmaniasis cutánea y su manejo en escenarios de combate al convivir con esta enfermedad. Métodos: El estudio es cualitativo/exploratorio, donde se abordaron los conocimientos sobre la enfermedad y su forma de transmisión, como también aquellas prácticas relacionadas con el uso de medicamentos para su tratamiento. Resultados: En el análisis de las entrevistas se encontró que los excombatientes conocen el ciclo de la enfermedad desde sus vivencias y por transmisión oral, como también de prácticas curativas propias adaptadas al contexto del conflicto armado, esta experiencia los llevó a desarrollar estrategias de gestión del conocimiento basado en la evidencia. Discusión: Las entrevistas dan cuenta del conocimiento empírico y clínico de los excombatientes sobre el ciclo de la enfermedad; no existe un registro documental, ni manuales de procedimientos realizados en la selva por las FARC-EP sobre tratamiento de enfermedades; los miembros de las FARC-EP a desarrollar estrategias de gestión del conocimiento basados en la evidencia; el contexto de conflicto afectó de manera importante el tiempo y los recursos técnicos para manejar la Leishmaniasis, esto posibilitó las respuestas alternativas a la enfermedad documentadas en este trabajo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Leishmaniasis is a zoonotic parasitic infectious disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes and viscera. It is endemic in 98 countries and there are more than 350 million people at risk of transmission. In Colombia, the camps of the former Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia were located in jungle areas where the disease is present. The objective of this work is aimed at describing the practices and knowledge of ex-combatants of the FARC-EP about cutaneous Leishmaniasis and its management in combat scenarios when living with this disease. Methods: The study is qualitative/exploratory, where knowledge about the disease and its form of transmission were addressed, as well as those practices related to the use of medications for its treatment. Results: In the analysis of the interviews it was found that the ex-combatants know the cycle of the disease from their experiences and by oral transmission, as well as their own healing practices adapted to the context of the armed conflict, this experience led them to develop knowledge management strategies based on the evidence. Discussion: The interviews give an account of the empirical and clinical knowledge of the ex-combatants about the cycle of the disease; There is no documentary record, nor manuals of procedures carried out in the jungle by the FARC-EP on the treatment of diseases; the members of the FARC-EP to develop evidence-based knowledge management strategies; the context of conflict significantly affected the time and technical resources to manage Leishmaniasis, this made possible the alternative responses to the disease documented in this work.

GECOP-MMC: phase IV randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with mytomicin-C after complete surgical cytoreduction in patients with colon cancer peritoneal metastases.

BACKGROUND: The French PRODIGE 7 trial, published on January 2021, has raised doubts about the specific survival benefit provided by HIPEC with oxaliplatin 460 mg/m2 (30 minutes) for the treatment of peritoneal metastases from colorectal cancer. However, several methodological flaws have been identified in PRODIGE 7, specially the HIPEC protocol or the choice of overall survival as the main endpoint, so its results have not been assumed as definitive, emphasizing the need for further research on HIPEC. It seems that the HIPEC protocol with high-dose mytomicin-C (35 mg/m2) is the preferred regime to evaluate in future clinical studies. METHODS: GECOP-MMC is a prospective, open-label, randomized, multicenter phase IV clinical trial that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of HIPEC with high-dose mytomicin-C in preventing the development of peritoneal recurrence in patients with limited peritoneal metastasis from colon cancer (not rectal), after complete surgical cytoreduction. This study will be performed in 31 Spanish HIPEC centres, starting in March 2022. Additional international recruiting centres are under consideration. Two hundred sixteen patients with PCI ≤ 20, in which complete cytoreduction (CCS 0) has been obtained, will be randomized intraoperatively to arm 1 (with HIPEC) or arm 2 (without HIPEC). We will stratified randomization by surgical PCI (1-10; 11-15; 16-20). Patients in both arms will be treated with personalized systemic chemotherapy. Primary endpoint is peritoneal recurrence-free survival at 3 years. An ancillary study will evaluate the correlation between surgical and pathological PCI, comparing their respective prognostic values. DISCUSSION: HIPEC with high-dose mytomicin-C, in patients with limited (PCI ≤ 20) and completely resected (CCS 0) peritoneal metastases, is assumed to reduce the expected risk of peritoneal recurrence from 50 to 30% at 3 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT number: 2019-004679-37; Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05250648 (registration date 02/22/2022, ).

Determinants of the risk of intraoperative complications in phacoemulsification among patients with pseudoexfoliation.

PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to study the relationship between pseudoexfoliation (PES) and other predictors in the development of complications in cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in patients with PES. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing cataract surgery by phacoemulsification in the health area of Cee in northwestern Spain during the 2-year period from 2009 to 2010. Capsule rupture, choroidal hemorrhage, and vitreous loss were included as complications and intraoperative nucleus or lens dislocation as the independent variable. PES, age, hardness, type of cataract, myopia, preoperative visual acuity, antiplatelet use, anticoagulant uses, alpha agonist use, mydriasis prior to surgery, anterior chamber depth, and axial length were included as predictor variables. All predictive hierarchical models were tested using as a selection criterion the one minimizing the Akaike index. RESULTS: A total of 551 patients were initially identified from hospital register, of which 48 were excluded due to the presence of an exclusion factor. After the initial selection, the final sample was 681 eyes of 503 patients. Of the 8192 possible models, a model with the following seven variables was selected: PES, steroid use, alpha agonist use, nuclear hardness, mydriasis, anterior chamber depth, and axial length. The selected model had an Akaike index of 435.4 and an area under the curve of 0.7895 corresponding to a sensitivity of 6.2% and a specificity of 98.5%. CONCLUSION: PES, nuclear hardness, and alpha agonist use are risk factors strongly predictive of complications.

The ISJ 3D Brace, a Providence Brace Evolution, as a Surgery Prevention Method in Idiopathic Scoliosis.

BACKGROUND: The high incidence of idiopathic scoliosis worldwide as well as the serious health problems it can cause in adulthood, make it necessary to seek effective treatments to prevent the progression of the disease to more aggressive treatments such as surgery and improve patients' quality of life. The use of night braces, besides a less severe influence on the patient's quality of life, is effective in stopping the progression of the curve in idiopathic scoliosis. METHODS: A longitudinal study was performed with an experimental population of 108 participants who attended orthotic treatment at the University Hospital of Barcelona, with ages between 4 and 15 years old, with a main curvature greater than 25 degrees and a Risser between 0 and 3. The participants received treatment with Providence ISJ-3D night braces until their pubertal change (mean duration of 2.78 years for males and 1.97 years for females). RESULTS: The implementation of night-time orthotic treatment in children with idiopathic scoliosis is effective in slowing the progression of the curve and in the prevention of more aggressive treatments such as surgery, maintaining the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: The use of night braces is efficacious in the treatment of idiopathic scoliosis, although new studies including more sociodemographic data as well as curves from 20 degrees of progression are necessary.

Historia de la Farmacoepidemiología en Cuba / History of the Farmacoepidemiología in Cuba

Resumen Objetivo: Exponer los principales hechos ocurridos en Cuba relacionados con el desarrollo de la Farmacoepidemiología. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica y documental del tema en la literatura nacional e internacional; el tratamiento de los datos se realizó mediante el análisis de contenido de tipo directo. Resultados: La estrategia de la farmacoepidemiología ha realizado acciones de capacitación, información, investigación y gerencia desde sus inicios; entre ellos se destaca la maestría, la producción científica, la elaboración de documentos rectores de la actividad y la promoción del uso racional de medicamentos a la población. Conclusiones: La Farmacoepidemiología en Cuba contribuye a facilitar el acceso de los medicamentos con prioridad a lo requerido, según los indicadores de mortalidad prevalentes en el país.

Abstract Object: To expose the main events that occurred in Cuba related with the development of the pharmacoepidemiology. Materials and methods: There was executed a bibliographical and documental revision of the topic in the national and international literature; the treatment of data was carried out by means of the analysis of content of direct type. Results: From its beginnings, the strategy of the pharmacoepidemiology in Cuba has performed several actions about education, information, investigation and management; among them it stands out the master of pharmacoepidemiology, the scientific production, the elaboration of documents rectors of the activity and the promotion of the rational use of medications to the Cuban population. Conclusions: The pharmacoepidemiology in Cuba contributes to facilitate the access of the medications with priority to that required according to the prevalent mortality indicators in the country.

Long-Term V-EEG in Epilepsy: Chronological Distribution of Recorded Events Focused on the Differential Diagnosis of Epileptic Seizures and Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures.

Differential diagnosis in epilepsy is sometimes challenging. Video-electroencephalography (V-EEG) is an essential tool in the diagnosis and management of epilepsy. The prolonged duration of V-EEG recording increases the diagnostic yield of a conventional V-EEG. The right length of monitoring for different indications is still to be established. We present a retrospective descriptive study with a sample of 50 patients with long-term V-EEG monitoring, with a mean age of 36.1 years, monitored from 2013 to 2019 at the Burgos University Hospital. The mean monitoring time was 3.6 days. Events were obtained in 76% of the patients, corresponding to epileptic seizures (ES) in 57.9% of them, with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES) in 39.5%, and with episodes of both pathologies in 2.6% of the patients. We found that the first event was highly representative, and it correlated with the rest of the events that would be recorded. Moreover, 92% of the first PNES had been captured at the end of the second day, and 89% of the first ES by the end of the third day. V-EEG for differential diagnosis between ES and PNES can be performed in hospitals without specialized epilepsy surgery units. For this indication, the duration of long-term V-EEG can be adjusted individually depending on the nature of the first event.

STAT4 is expressed in neutrophils and promotes antimicrobial immunity.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) is expressed in hematopoietic cells and plays a key role in the differentiation of T helper 1 cells. Although STAT4 is required for immunity to intracellular pathogens, the T cell-independent protective mechanisms of STAT4 are not clearly defined. In this report, we demonstrate that STAT4-deficient mice were acutely sensitive to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. We show that STAT4 was expressed in neutrophils and activated by IL-12 via a JAK2-dependent pathway. We demonstrate that STAT4 was required for multiple neutrophil functions, including IL-12-induced ROS production, chemotaxis, and production of the neutrophil extracellular traps. Importantly, myeloid-specific and neutrophil-specific deletion of STAT4 resulted in enhanced susceptibility to MRSA, demonstrating the key role of STAT4 in the in vivo function of these cells. Thus, these studies identify STAT4 as an essential regulator of neutrophil functions and a component of innate immune responses in vivo.

Desempeño profesional de egresados de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología / Professional performance of graduates from the Pharmacoepidemiology Master's Degree Course

Introducción: El seguimiento de los egresados permite conocer su desempeño profesional. Este aspecto no se ha tenido en cuenta en la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño profesional de los egresados de las tres primeras ediciones de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología entre 2010 y 2018. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 73 egresados. Se midieron las variables: cargo relacionado con la farmacoepidemiología antes y después de la maestría, competencias en el área del conocimiento del programa, realización de actividades de farmacoepidemiología, promoción de cargo, categoría docente y científica, entre otras. Los egresados fueron encuestados por correo electrónico. Resultados: Respondieron la encuesta 52 egresados de los cuales el 57,7 por ciento residía en La Habana. Predominaron las mujeres (69,2 por ciento), la edad entre 41 y 50 años (53,8 por ciento) y los médicos (52 por ciento). La mayoría reconoció la influencia de la maestría para comunicar temas científicos y realizar investigaciones. El 46,2 por ciento trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología después del egreso; el 42,3 por ciento realizaba actividades de farmacoepidemiología como expertos del programa nacional de medicamentos, integraba los comités farmacoterapéuticos en su institución y desarrollaba estudios de utilización de medicamentos, entre otras; el 53,8 por ciento promovió de cargo; el 46,2 por ciento publicó los resultados de su tesis de maestría; y el 38,5 por ciento adquirió categorías docentes. Conclusiones: El desempeño profesional se caracterizó por cambios positivos, de magnitud heterogénea, sobre todo en actividades investigativas, lo que permitió considerar que existió impacto formativo en los egresados. La mayoría no trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología ni realizaba actividades relacionadas, lo que denotó incoordinación entre su formación y su vinculación con áreas de trabajo acordes con su capacitación(AU)

Introduction: Follow-up of graduates allows knowing their professional performance. This aspect has not been taken into account in the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Objective: To characterize professional performance of the graduates of the first three editions, between 2010 and 2018, of the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a universe of 73 graduates. The following variables were measured: position related to pharmacoepidemiology before and after the Master's Degree Course, competences in the program's area of knowledge, carrying out pharmacoepidemiology activities, promotion of position, teaching and scientific rank, among others. Graduates were surveyed by email. Results: Fifty-two graduates answered the survey, 57.7 percent of whom live in Havana. There was a predominance of women (69.2 percent), the age group 41-50 years (53.8 percent) and of doctors (52 percent). Most of the respondents recognized the influence of the Master's Degree Course in communicating scientific topics and conducting research. 46.2 percent worked in pharmacoepidemiology after completing the Master's Degree Course; 42.3 percent carried out pharmacoepidemiology activities as experts in the National Drug Program, were members of the pharmacotherapeutic committees at their institution, and developed studies on drug use, among others. 53.8 percent promoted from their positions; 46.2 percent published the results of their master's thesis; and 38.5 percent acquired teaching ranks. Conclusions: Professional performance was characterized by positive changes, of heterogeneous magnitude, especially in research activities, which allowed to consider that there was a training impact on graduates. Most of them did not work in pharmacoepidemiology nor carried out related activities, which denoted lack of coordination between their training and their connection with working areas consistent with their training(AU)

The bronchial segmentation and its anatomical variations. A clinical-anatomic and bronchoscopy study.

The development in interventional respiratory medicine entails the need of bronchial anatomical knowledge, whose variations assume their greatest importance nowadays. The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of these variations and to analyze the bronchial lengths, barely registered before in literature. This observational descriptive study (from June 2018 until April 2019) was conducted in a sample of 17 pairs of lungs, which were dissected and measured at the Cadaver Donation Centre (Universidad Complutense, Madrid), and a second sample of 50 bronchoscopies, performed at the San Carlos Clinic Hospital, which were analyzed during the procedure. Our results show that there are no significant differences in the incidence of variations by sex in any of both samples, and neither in the average length of any bronchus by sex nor lobar pattern. Left main bronchus presents the longest length and left upper lobe bronchus the shortest. The highest percentage of variations is contained in the right lower lobe (25.4%), and the most frequent variation in the subsuperior bronchus (B*) (19.4%). The middle lobe and the left lower lobe present the lowest percentage of variations (11.9%). Only 37.3% of the pairs of lungs/patients did not have any anatomical variation in the general sample. Despite of the small size of the sample, results show a high percentage of variations and a minority of completely normal pairs of lungs, which invites us to reflect about the probable high prevalence of variations in the general population. Further studies with greater samples are needed to confirm our hypothesis.

Evaluation of Fluorescent Confocal Microscopy for Intraoperative Analysis of Prostate Biopsy Cores.

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of prostate cancer is based on histopathological evaluation, which is time-consuming. Fluorescent confocal microscopy (FCM) is a novel technique that allows rapid tissue analysis. OBJECTIVE: To determine if FCM could be used for real-time diagnosis of prostate cancer and evaluate concordance with traditional analysis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From January 2019 to March 2020, 182 magnetic resonance imaging-targeted prostate biopsy cores from 57 consecutive biopsy-naïve men with suspected prostate cancer were taken. These were intraoperatively stained with acridine orange for analysis using FCM (VivaScope; MAVIG, Munich, Germany) and subsequently sent for traditional haematoxylin-eosin histopathological (HEH) examination. Two expert uropathologists analysed the FCM and HEH cores blinded to the counterpart results in a single institution. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Agreement between FCM and HEH analysis in terms of the presence of cancer was analysed at biopsy core and region of interest (ROI) levels, considering HEH as the reference test. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: FCM allowed intraoperative assessment of prostate biopsy cores with strong histopathological evaluation agreement: Cohen's κ for agreement was 0.81 at the biopsy core level and 0.69 for the ROI level. Positive predictive values (85% and 83.78%) and negative predictive values (95.1% and 85.71%) were high at the biopsy core and ROI levels. These initial results are encouraging, but given the single-centre and preliminary nature of the study, further confirmation is required. CONCLUSIONS: FCM allowed rapid evaluation of prostate biopsy cores. This technique is feasible and achieves rapid closure with a reliable diagnosis, parallel to the gold standard analysis. Initial results are promising but further studies are needed to validate and define the role of this technique. PATIENT SUMMARY: A novel microscopic technique reduces the time needed to obtain a prostate cancer diagnosis by speeding up biopsy processing. Although the initial results are promising; this development needs to be confirmed in further studies.

Investigaciones clínicas sobre Medicina Natural y Tradicional publicadas en revistas cubanas / Clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine published in Cuban journals

RESUMEN Introducción: los profesionales dedicados a la medicina natural y tradicional deben establecer y divulgar las evidencias científicas para su uso adecuado y seguro. Objetivos: identificar artículos científicos relacionados con investigaciones clínicas sobre medicina natural y tradicional en revistas médicas cubanas y describir algunas de sus características. Material y Método: estudio descriptivo, transversal; se analizaron los artículos originales publicados entre los años 2007 y 2018 en seis revistas médicas cubanas: Plantas Medicinales, Medicina Natural y Tradicional, Medicina General Integral, Estomatología, Medicina Militar y Farmacia; realizados en personas y en Cuba. Se identificó año de publicación, tipo de estudio (descriptivo, analítico, ensayo clínico), variable principal (eficacia, seguridad, otros), provincia dónde se ejecutó; en los ensayos clínicos se identificó la modalidad empleada, la enfermedad del paciente y el nivel de atención de salud en que se realizaron. Resultados: se encontraron 36 artículos; se publicaron más en los años 2007 y 2016; 69,4 % eran ensayos clínicos; la mayoría se realizó en La Habana (41,6%). En los ensayos clínicos las modalidades más estudiadas fueron la acupuntura (28,0 %) y la fitoterapia, 20,0%; se emplearon más en pacientes con enfermedades estomatológicas, 28,0%; su ejecución predominó en el nivel primario de atención de salud, 64,0%. Conclusiones: fueron insuficientes los artículos relacionados con investigaciones clínicas sobre medicina natural y tradicional que se publicaron en seis revistas que abordan esta temática, esta situación atenta contra la prescripción de esta opción terapéutica, basada en evidencias científicas (AU).

SUMMARY Introduction: the professionals devoted to natural and traditional medicine should study and publish the scientific evidences for its rational and safe use. Objectives: to identify scientific articles related to clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine in Cuban medical journals and to describe some of their characteristics. Materials and methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study; the authors analyzed the original articles published in the period 2007-2018 on researches made in Cuban people and in Cuba in six Cuban medical journals: Plantas Medicinales, Medicina Natural y Tradicional, Medicina General Integral, Estomatología, Medicina Militar y Farmacia. The year of publication, kind of study (descriptive, analytic, clinical trial), main variable (efficacy, safeness, others), and province where they were identified; in the case of clinical trial: the used modality, the patient's disease and the level of the health care where they took place were also identified. Results: 36 articles were found; the years when they were published the most were 2007 and 2016; 69.4 % were clinical trials; most of them were carried out in La Habana (41.6 %). In clinical trials, the most studied modalities were acupuncture (28.0 %) and physiotherapy (20.0 %); they were used more in patients with dental diseases (28.0 %); they were used mainly at the primary health care (64.0 %). Conclusions: there were insufficient the articles related to clinical researches on natural and traditional medicine published in six journals approaching these themes; this situation attempts against the use of this therapeutic use, based on scientific evidences (AU).

Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Close to one million people commit suicide each year, with suicidal attempts being the main risk factor for suicide. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to achieve a greater understanding of suicidality in the general population of Europe by studying associated factors and their statistical significance with suicidality, as well as the effect of the temporal moment in which suicidality is observed in a relationship. A search strategy was carried out in electronic databases: Proquest's Psychology Database, Scopus, PsycINFO, Medline and Embase. Odds ratios (ORs), publication bias, influential studies on heterogeneity and analysis moderators were calculated. Twenty-six studies were included after meeting the inclusion criteria. Factors statistically associated with suicidality are female gender, age over 65 years, unemployment, low social support, adulthood adversity, childhood adversity, family history of mental disorder, any affective disorder, major depression, anxiety/stress/somatoform disorders, tobacco and substance use, any mental disorder and body mass index. As a limitation, a high heterogeneity between studies was found. Factors associated with suicidality in the general population are relevant for understanding the suicidal phenomenon.