Fatores associados ao tempo da morte de vítimas de trauma: estudo de coorte retrospectivo / Factores asociados al momento de la muerte de víctimas de traumatismos: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo / Factors associated to the time of death of trauma victims: A retrospective cohort study

Objetivo: identificar os fatores associados ao tempo da morte de vítimas de trauma. Método: coorte retrospectiva que analisou laudos de autópsia de vítimas de trauma admitidas em 2015 no Instituto Médico Legal Central de São Paulo, Brasil. O tempo da morte foi identificado a partir do momento da ocorrência do trauma até a confirmação do óbito. O modelo linear generalizado foi aplicado para análise dos dados. Resultados: entre as 1.500 vítimas fatais (75,7% homens; idade média 49,7 anos), prevaleceram as quedas (33,5%), seguidas das agressões (27,8%). Os fatores associados ao tempo da morte foram número de regiões corporais afetadas (p<0,001), tipo de trauma (p<0,001), sexo (p=0,009), gravidade do trauma segundo New Injury Severity Score (p<0,001), agressões (p<0,001) e lesões autoprovocadas intencionalmente (p<0,001). Conclusão: mulheres, vítimas de traumas que envolveram intencionalidade de provocar a morte e com elevada gravidade apresentaram tempo de sobrevida reduzido após a(s) lesão(ões).

Objective: to identify factors associated to the time of death of trauma victims. Method: a retrospective cohort that analyzed autopsy reports of trauma victims admitted in 2015 at the Central Institute of Forensic Medicine of São Paulo, Brazil. The time of death was identified from the trauma moment to the confirmation of death. The generalized linear model was applied to analyze the data. Results: among the 1,500 fatal victims (75.7% were men; mean age of 49.7 years old), falls prevailed (33.5%), followed by aggressions (27.8%). The factors associated with the time of death were the number of body areas affected (p<0.001), type of trauma (p<0.001), gender (p=0.009), trauma severity according to the New Injury Severity Score (p<0.001), assaults (p>0.001), and intentionally self-harm injuries (p<0.001). Conclusion: women, victims of traumas with the intention of causing death and with high severity presented a reduced survival time after the injury(ies).

Objetivo: identificar los factores asociados al momento de la muerte de víctimas de traumatismos. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo que analizó informes de autopsias de víctimas de traumatismos admitidas en 2015 en el Instituto Médico Legal Central de San Pablo, Brasil. El momento de la muerte se identificó a partir del momento en que sucedió el traumatismo hasta la confirmación de la muerte. Se aplicó el modelo lineal generalizado para el análisis de los datos. Resultados: entre las 1.500 víctimas fatales (75,7% de ellas hombres; media de edad de 49,7 años), prevalecieron las caídas (33,5%), seguidas por las agresiones (27,8%). Los factores asociados al momento de la muerte fueron la cantidad de áreas del cuerpo afectadas (p<0,001), el tipo de traumatismo (p<0,001), el sexo (p=0,009), la gravedad del traumatismo conforme al New Injury Severity Score (p<0,001), agresiones (p<0,001) y lesiones autoprovocadas intencionalmente (p<0,001). Conclusión: las mujeres, víctimas de traumatismos con intención de provocar la muerte y de alta gravedad presentaron un tiempo de sobrevida reducido después de la o las lesiones.

A lesbianidade materializada nos corpos (nem tão) femininos / The materialized lesbianity on (not so) feminine bodys / La lesbianidad materializada en cuerpos (ni tan) femeninos

Resumo O presente artigo apresenta resultados uma pesquisa cujo tema compreendeu a lesbianidade na Internet. O Tumblr foi selecionado como lugar de análise, mais especificamente páginas de mulheres autoidentificadas como lésbicas ou que por meio dos conteúdos de seus Tumblrs demonstraram interesse no tema da lesbianidade. O material analisado compreendeu imagens retiradas dessas páginas. Neste artigo, o tema principal é o corpo, um dos âmbitos de análise que emergiram da pesquisa. A metodologia compreendeu estudos de imagem, com base em Rosa Fischer (2002), a desconstrução com base em Derrida (2002), e o referencial teórico foi fundamentado em conceitos de Foucault (2008, 2010), Judith Butler (2000, 2004, 2013) e Preciado (2002, 2008). As análises mostraram a sexualidade e o gênero como elementos que possibilitam a materialização da lesbianidade nos corpos das imagens analisadas por meio da ruptura com o regime mulher-feminina-heterossexual.

Abstract The article presents analyzed lesbianity on the Internet, with Tumblr selected as a place of analysis, specifically pages of women self-identified as lesbians or that through the contents of their Tumblrs showed interest lesbianity. The material analyzed comprised images taken from these pages. In this article, the main theme is the body, one of the scopes of analysis that emerged from the research. The methodology used was based on Rosa Fischer (2002), deconstruction based on Derrida (2002), and the theoretical reference based on concepts of Foucault (2008, 2010), Judith Butler (2000, 2004, 2013) and Preciado (2002, 2008). The analysis showed sexuality and gender as elements that allow the materialization of lesbianity in the bodies of the images analyzed through a rupture with the woman-female-heterosexual regime.

Resumen El presente artículo presenta resultados de una investigación cuyo tema comprendió la lesbianidad en la Internet. El Tumblr fue seleccionado como lugar de análisis, más específicamente páginas de mujeres auto-identificadas como lesbianas, y que por medio de los contenidos de sus Tumblrs demostraron interés en el tema de la lesbianidad. El material analizado comprendió imágenes retiradas de esas páginas. En este artículo, el tema principal es el cuerpo, uno de los ámbitos de análisis que emergió de la investigación. La metodología comprendió estudios de imagen, con base en Rosa Fischer (2002), la deconstrucción con base en Derrida (2002), y el referencial teórico fue fundamentado en conceptos de Foucault (2008, 2010), Judith Butler (2000, 2004, 2013) y Preciado (2002, 2008). Los análisis mostraron la sexualidad y el género como elementos que posibilitan la materialización de la lesbianidad en los cuerpos de las imágenes analizadas, por medio de la ruptura con el régimen mujer-femenina-heterosexual.

Exploitation of new structurally diverse d-glucuronamide-containing N-glycosyl compounds: synthesis and anticancer potential.

The synthesis and anticancer evaluation of novel N-glycosyl derivatives containing N-substituted glucuronamide moieties, as nucleoside analogs or as prospective mimetics of glycosyl phosphates or of nucleotides, is reported. These compounds comprise N-anomerically-linked nucleobases or motifs that are surrogates of a phosphate group, such as sulfonamide or phosphoramidate moieties. 1-Sulfonamido glucuronamides containing N-benzyl, N-propargyl or N-dodecyl carboxamide units were synthesized through glycosylation of methanesulfonamide with tetra-O-acetyl glucuronamides. 1-Azido glucuronamides were accessed by microwave-assisted reactions of tetra-O-acetyl glucuronamides with TMSN3 and were further converted into N-glycosylphosphoramidates by treatment with trimethyl phosphite. Potential glucuronamide-based nucleotide mimetics comprising both an anomeric sulfonamide/phosphoramidate group and a benzyltriazolylmethyl amide system at C-5, as nucleobase mimetics, were synthesized via 'click' cycloaddition of N-propargyl glucuronamide derivatives with benzyl azide. N-Dodecyl tetra-O-acetyl glucuronamides were converted into uracil and purine nucleosides via N-glycosylation of the corresponding silylated nucleobases. Biological screening revealed significant antiproliferative activities of the N-dodecyl glucuronamide-containing sulfonamide, phosphoramidate and nucleosides in K562 and MCF-7 cells. The highest effect was exhibited by the N9-linked purine nucleoside in the breast cancer cell MCF-7 with a GI50 value similar to that of clinically used 5-fluorouracil. Immunoblotting and cell cycle analysis of K562 cells treated with the most active compound as well as evaluation of the effect of this nucleoside on the activities of caspases 3 and 7 showed induction of apoptosis as the mechanism of cell death.

How do physicochemical properties influence the toxicity of silver nanoparticles on freshwater decomposers of plant litter in streams?

AgNP physicochemical properties may affect AgNP toxicity, but their effects on plant litter decomposition and the species driving this key ecosystem process in freshwaters have been poorly investigated. We assessed the impacts of AgNPs with different size and surface coating (100nm PVP (polyvinylpyrrolidone)-dispersant, 50-60nm and 35nm uncoated) on freshwater decomposers of leaf litter by exposing leaf associated microbial assemblages to increasing concentrations of AgNPs (up to 200mgL-1) and of AgNO3 (up to 25mgL-1). We further conducted a feeding preference experiment with a common invertebrate shredder, Limnephilus sp., which was allowed to feed on microbially-colonized leaves previously exposed to AgNPs and AgNO3. Leaf decomposition and microbial activity and diversity were inhibited when exposed to increased concentrations of 100nm AgNPs (≥25mgL-1), while microbial activity was stimulated by exposure to 35nm AgNPs (≥100mgL-1). Invertebrate shredders preferred leaves exposed to 35nm AgNPs (25mgL-1) and avoided leaves exposed to AgNO3 (≥2mgL-1). Results from the characterization of AgNPs by dynamic light scattering revealed that AgNps with PVP-dispersant were more stable than the uncoated AgNPs. Our results highlight the importance of considering the physicochemical properties of NPs when assessing their toxicity to litter decomposers in freshwaters.

New In Vitro Studies on the Bioprofile of Genista tenera Antihyperglycemic Extract.

The inhibition of α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase, two enzymes involved in the carbohydrate metabolism, is an important target to control glycaemia on individuals with type 2 diabetes. In this work we report for the first time the inhibition of both enzymes by the antihyperglycemic n-butanol extract from Genista tenera (Fabaceae). This extract decreased α-glucosidase and glucose-6-phosphatase activities to 0.97 and 80.25 %, respectively, being more effective than acarbose, and phlorizin, the positive controls, which reduced enzymes activities only to 17.39 and 96.06 %. Once inflammation and oxidative stress are related to diabetic impairments, the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was also evaluated, through its inhibitory activity over COX-1 enzyme (47.5 % inhibition). Moreover, after induction of oxidative stress by UV radiation, the viability of irradiated rat liver hepatoma cells exposed to the extract was significantly higher (67.82 %) than that promoted by ascorbic acid, the positive control (45.05 %). In addition, the stability of the extract under gastrointestinal conditions was evaluated by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Flavonoid diglycosides were identified as the main constituents of the extract, and no alterations in the chemical composition nor in the antioxidant activity were observed after in vitro digestion with artificial gastric and pancreatic juices.

In vitro antitumoral activity of compounds isolated from Artemisia gorgonum Webb.

Artemisia gorgonum (Asteraceae) is an endemic plant to the Cape Verde islands and plays an important role in traditional medicine. The chloroform extract of the plant aerial parts afforded six sesquiterpene lactones, two methoxylated flavonoids, two lignans, and one tetracyclic triterpene, which were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structure established by physical and spectroscopic techniques. The cytotoxic activity of the three major constituents, namely, arborescin, artemetin, and sesamin, was evaluated on neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), hepatocarcinoma (HepG2), and nontumoral bone marrow stromal (S17) cell lines. The application of different concentrations of the compounds significantly decreased tumor cells viability at different extents, especially at the highest concentrations tested. Arborescin is the most promising compound as it was able to reduce tumoral cell viability with an IC50 significantly lower (229-233 µM; p < 0.01) than that of S17 cells (445 µM). Arborescin and artemetin were less toxic to nontumoral cells than the antitumoral drug tested, etoposide. Our results indicate that arborescin has a significant cytotoxic activity in vitro, more pronounced on the cancer cell lines, confirming A. gorgonum as a source of potential antitumoral molecules.

Marine sponges as bioindicators of oil and combustion derived PAH in coastal waters.

The present study evaluates the potential of Hymeniacidon heliophila as bioindicator of PAH contamination. For this, concentration of 33 PAH was determined in organisms from sites with different contamination level including the heavily polluted Guanabara Bay, Rio de Janeiro, and less impacted coastal areas. PAH concentration and typology were determined in sponges collected from different depths and in two different seasons. The brown mussel broadly studied as bioindicator was also sampled from the same sites for comparison. Both species provided similar information on total PAH concentration which is related to site contamination level. Sponges, however, revealed slight tendency to accumulation of combustion-derived PAH in relation to petrogenic compounds. Differences in PAH typology between species may derive from the interspecific variation in particle size ingestion. Different hydrocarbon typologies were observed in sponges from dry and wet season and PAH concentration varied with depth. H. heliophila may be used as an alternative approach to investigate the presence and sources of PAH in estuarine areas.

Association of the C242T polymorphism in the NADPH oxidase p22 phox gene with carotid atherosclerosis in Slovenian patients with type 2 diabetes.

Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. Genetic variations of enzymes producing reactive oxygen species could change their activity, thus contributing to the susceptibility to oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to examine the role of the NADPH oxidase C242T polymorphism in the development of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes. 286 diabetic patients and 150 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Carotid atherosclerosis was quantified ultrasonographically as carotid intima-media thickness, plaque score (0-6) and plaque type (1-5). Diabetic patients were divided into low and high risk groups based on ultrasound phenotypes of carotid atherosclerosis. Genotypes were determined by real-time PCR. Levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Diabetic patients demonstrated a statistically significant difference compared to healthy controls in the following parameters: age, BMI, waist circumference, smoking prevalence, glucose, triglyceride and 8-OHdG serum levels. Control subjects had significantly higher levels of HDL, LDL and total cholesterol than diabetics (p < 0.001). The NADPH C242T polymorphism was not related with clinical characteristics, lipid parameters and 8-OHdG serum levels. We found no significant difference in the NADPH genotype distribution between diabetics and controls (p = 0.19) nor between low and high risk subgroups of diabetics (mean CIMT: p = 0.67; plaque score: p = 0.49, plaque type: p = 0.56). In the present study the NADPH C242T polymorphism was not associated with the degree of oxidative stress and carotid atherosclerosis. Further studies will show if it can be used as a genetic marker for carotid atherosclerosis in diabetic patients.