Clinical features and prognosis of malignant small bowel tumors: Experience from a university hospital in Chile.

BACKGROUND: Small bowel tumors (SBT) are infrequent and represent a small proportion of digestive neoplasms. There is scarce information about SBT in Latin America. AIM: To describe the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and survival of malignant SBTs. METHODS: Retrospective observational study of adult patients with histopathological diagnosis of SBT between 2007 and 2021 in a university hospital in Chile. RESULTS: A total of 104 patients [51.9% men; mean age 57 years] with SBT. Histological type: neuroendocrine tumor (NET) (43.7%, n=38), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) (21.8%, n=19), lymphoma (17.2%, n=15) and adenocarcinoma (AC) (11.5%, n=10). GIST was more frequent in duodenum (50%; n=12) and NET in the ileum (65.8%; n=25). Metastasis was observed in 17 cases, most commonly from colon and melanoma. Nausea and vomiting were significantly more often observed in AC (p=0.035), as well as gastrointestinal bleeding in GIST (p=0.007). The most common diagnostic tools were CT and CT enteroclysis with an elevated diagnostic yield (86% and 94% respectively). The 5-year survival of GIST, NET, lymphoma and AC were 94.7% (95%CI: 68.1-99.2), 82.2% (95%CI: 57.6-93.3), 40.0% (95%CI: 16.5-82.8) and 25.9% (95%CI: 4.5-55.7%), respectively. NET (HR 6.1; 95%CI: 2.1-17.2) and GIST (HR 24.4; 95%CI: 3.0-19.8) were independently associated with higher survival compared to AC, adjusted for age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Malignant SBT are rare conditions and NETs are the most common histological subtype. Clinical presentation at diagnosis, location or complications may suggest a more probable diagnosis. GIST and NET are associated with better survival compared to other malignant subtypes.

¿Ha disminuido la colectomía por crisis de colitis ulcerosa?

Background: Treatment for moderate-severe active ulcerative colitis (UC) includes steroids, biologic therapy and total colectomy. Aim: To describe the features of patients with moderate to severe active UC, their hospital evolution and need for colectomy. Material and Methods: Non-concurrent cohort study of all patients admitted to our institution with a diagnosis of moderate or severe UC crisis between January 2008 and May 2019. Truelove Witts (TW) criteria were used to categorize disease severity. Twelve-month colectomy-free survival was estimated with Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: One hundred-twenty patients aged 16 to 89 (median 35) years had 160 admissions for acute moderate to severe UC. Median admission per patient was 1 (1-3), and median hospital stay was six days (1-49). Cytomegalovirus and Clostridioides difficile were found in 17.5 and 14.2% of crises, respectively. Corticosteroids were used in all crises and biologic therapy in 6.9% of them. Emergency or elective colectomies were performed in 18.3 and 6.7% of patients, respectively. The need for emergency total colectomy decreased from 24.6 to 7.8% (Risk ratio 3.16, p < 0.01) between de first and second half of the study period. Kaplan-Meier analysis for long term colectomy-free survival in both periods confirmed this decrease (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Medical treatment for moderate to severe UC crises had a 86.3% success and a small percentage required emergency total colectomy. Emergency surgery decreased in the last decade.

Enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) approach for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias: mid-term results.

INTRODUCTION: Multiple minimally invasive techniques have been described for ventral hernia repair. The recently described enhanced view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) ventral hernia repair seems an appealing option since it allows to address midline and lateral hernias, placing the mesh in the retromuscular position without the use of traumatic fixation. AIM: To report on the mid-term result of a series of patients with ventral hernias repaired by the eTEP approach. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of our case series between June 2017 and December 2019. Demographic and clinical data were gathered. Hernia characteristics, surgical details, hernia recurrences, and complications are reported. RESULTS: 66 patients were included in the study. Median follow-up was 22 months (interquartile range 12-26). 60% of patients were male. Mean age, BMI, % of Type-2 diabetes and % of smoking were 59 ± 12 years, 30 kg/m2, 24% and 23%, respectively. Mean hernia defect size was 5.5 ± 2.9 cm. Forty-three eTEP Rives-stoppa and 23 eTEP-Transversus abdominis release (14 unilateral, 9 bilateral) were performed. 22 inguinal hernias and 15 lateral defects were simultaneously repaired. We report 1 recurrence (1.5%) and 10 surgical site occurrences (15%; 6 seromas, 2 hematomas and 2 surgical site infections). Four patients required reinterventions (6%). CONCLUSION: eTEP is a promising approach to treat midline hernias and allows the simultaneous treatment of lateral and inguinal defects, keeping the mesh in the retromuscular position. However, comparative studies must be performed to know its real benefit in laparoscopic ventral hernia repair.

Midterm Results of the Open and Minimally Invasive Transversus Abdominis Release Technique for the Treatment of Abdominal Wall Hernias in an Academic Center.

Introduction: Large hernia defects are a challenge for general and specialized hernia surgeons. The transversus abdominis release (TAR) technique has revolutionized the treatment of complex hernias since it allows the closure of large midline hernias, as well as hernias in different locations. This study aims to report the experience with the TAR technique and mid-term results in the first 101 patients. Methods: Non-concurrent cohort review of our prospectively collected electronic database. All patients submitted to a TAR (open or minimally invasive eTEP-TAR) from 2017 to 2020 were included. Demographic data, comorbidities, hernia characteristics, preoperative optimization, intraoperative variables, and clinical outcomes were gathered. The main outcomes of this study are hernia recurrences and surgical morbidity. Results: A total of 101 patients were identified. The median follow-up was 26 months. Mean age and body mass index was 63 years and 31.4 Kg/m2, respectively. Diabetes was present in 22% of patients and 43% had at least one previous hernia repair. Nineteen patients had significant loss of domain. Mean hernia size and area were 13 cm and 247 cm2, respectively. Ninety-six percent of cases were clean or clean-contaminated. The mean operative time was 164 min and all patients received a synthetic mesh. We diagnosed two hernia recurrences and the overall (medical and surgical) complication rate was 32%. The hernia-specific complication rate was 17%, with seven surgical site infections and seven surgical site occurrences requiring procedural interventions. Notably, weight loss was associated with a lower risk of SSOPI and reoperations. Conclusion: We show an encouraging 2% of recurrences in the mid-term follow-up in the setting of clinically complex hernia repair. However, we observed a high frequency of overall and hernia-specific complications pointing to the complexity of the type of surgery itself and the patients we operated on.

Mind the Gap: a Competency-Based Scoping Review of Aesthetic and Reconstructive Reported Simulation Training Models.

BACKGROUND: Simulation training has become an integral part of plastic surgery postgraduate curricula. It facilitates the acquisition of skills in a safe environment that can be later transferred to real-life settings. A variety of models have been described covering some aspects of the specialty better than others. The aim of this study was to identify and classify all the previously reported plastic surgery simulation models and the possible gaps having the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) list of competencies as a guide. METHODS: Through a Delphi process, the complete list of ACGME minimum requirements for certification was analyzed to identify domains amenable for simulation training. A systematic search was conducted in Pubmed looking for all previously reported simulation models in plastic surgery. Predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and parallel blind review were used to identify eligible models. RESULTS: A total of 81 ACGME competencies were identified. Following a 3-round Delphi process, consensus was reached on 19 reconstructive and 15 aesthetic surgery domains suitable for simulation training. 1667 articles were initially retrieved from Pubmed, of which 66 articles were eligible for inclusion. Descriptive (65%), quasi-experimental (24%) and experimental studies (11%) were found. For the 34 identified ACGME competencies, there were simulation models described for 58.8% of these, mostly covering reconstructive surgery (84.2%) while for aesthetic surgery it was 13.3%. CONCLUSIONS: This scoping review has identified that there are still gaps in ACGME competencies that could benefit from new simulation training models, especially in those related to aesthetic surgery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .