Giant urinary bladder stone: A rare case report.

INTRODUCTION: Giant urinary bladder stones are rare phenomenon which is associated with chronic urinary infections, intravesical foreign bodies, urethral strictures, bladder diverticula etc. CASE REPORT: A 52-year-old man presented with complaints of severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, suprapubic pain, and pollakuria for the last ten years. Physical examination revealed a palpable suprapubic mass with no obvious flank masses. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis revealed right-sided gross hydroureteronephrosis and thinning of renal parenchyma along with a hyperechoic structure with posterior acoustic shadowing was noted in the region of the urinary bladder, suggesting a vesical calculus. Plain CT of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB) confirmed right nephrolithiasis in lower poly calyx and a large vesical calculus (10.6 cm × 8.6 cm x8.8 cm, +1110 HU). Open cystolithotomy with a right-sided double-J "DJ" stent insertion was performed. Post-operative period went uneventful. DISCUSSION: Giant bladder stones are extremely rare, often resulting from neglected symptoms in otherwise normal individuals. They typically develop over several years and present with symptoms like severe dysuria, urgency, frequency, supra-pubic pain, and hematuria. Diagnosis is made by cystoscopy, ultrasonography and CT-KUB. Treatment includes intracorporeal cystolithotripsy using a laser, ultrasonic lithotripter, or pneumatic lithotripter, depending on availability. Endourologic procedures have been safer and more cost-effective for bladder stones, however, open removal is the treatment of choice for giant bladder stones. CONCLUSION: Open cystolithotomy can be performed to remove giant bladder stone with near 100 % stone removal rate.

PIAS3 may represent a potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapeutic of human colorectal cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a challenging problem both for the developed and underdeveloped countries. Despite numerous improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, the incidence and mortality is still keeping in a high level. Molecule targeted therapy has drawn much attention as next generation anticancer agents for diagnosis and therapeutic of CRC. Protein Inhibitor of Activated Signal Transducer and Activators of Transcription 3 (PIAS3) as a novel biomarker has been focused to have a role in the development of malignancy, which was expressed at a higher level in most common malignancies compared with corresponding normal tissues. Furthermore, evidences suggest that the expression of PIAS3 can affect the growth of cancer cells by inhibiting the JAK/STAT and PI3-K/Akt signaling pathways or regulating its SUMO (small-ubiquitin like modifiers) ligase activity in some malignancy. Therefore, we hypothesized that PIAS3 may be a potential biomarker target for early cancer detection and therapeutic of human CRC.