Salpingectomie bilatérale aux fins de contraception permanente : série de cas et facteurs limitant le changement de pratique.

OBJECTIVE: The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC) and the Society of Gynaecologic Oncology of Canada (GOC) recommend complete removal of the fallopian tubes as a permanent contraceptive method because of its association with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer. Currently, many women are not offered bilateral salpingectomy as an alternative to tubal ligation for permanent contraception. METHOD: As part of a quality improvement initiative, we reviewed all cases of sterilization performed at our university centre between 1 January and 31 December 2018. A literature review of the clinical and ethical considerations that prevent clinicians from offering bilateral salpingectomy as permanent contraception is also presented. RESULTS: The records of 111 women who underwent tubal sterilization were reviewed. Of these, 31.5% underwent bilateral salpingectomy; 46.8% underwent tubal fulguration; 12.6% underwent clip ligation; and 9.1% underwent tubal implant ligation (Essure). According to the information on file, only 36.3% of women were offered bilateral salpingectomy, and of these, 83.8% chose this method. CONCLUSION: Bilateral salpingectomy should be offered to all women seeking permanent contraception. The benefits and very low risks associated with this procedure should make it a first choice option.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma initially presenting with hematochezia and subsequently with vaginal bleeding: a case report.

BACKGROUND: We report an unusual case of a synchronous rectal and metachronous vaginal metastatic renal cell carcinoma. CASE PRESENTATION: A 78-year-old woman presented with hematochezia and a colonoscopy revealed a metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma rectal polyp biopsy-proven. Abdominal computed tomography identified a 9.0-cm left renal mass with renal vein thrombosis, for which she underwent a laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Histopathological examination confirmed a pT3a clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Seven months later, the patient presented with vaginal bleeding. Physical examination revealed a vaginal polypoid mass and biopsy confirmed a clear-cell renal cell carcinoma metastasis. CONCLUSIONS: This case represents unusual manifestations of metastatic renal cell carcinoma and is a reminder of the wide spectrum of clinical course of this disease.

Ten Challenges in Contraception.

Despite the introduction of promising products into the contraceptive market, the rate of unintended pregnancies remains high. Women with underlying medical conditions should have access to safe and effective contraceptive methods for various reasons, including the potential deleterious effect of the disease on the pregnancy or the effect of the pregnancy on the disease process. Healthcare providers are often confronted with cases in which contraception counseling is problematic due to controversial evidence and persistent myths. This review will examine a number of medical conditions that often create contraception counseling challenges. It should in no way be considered as an extensive review of all contraceptive options for a given medical condition. The following topics will be explored: depression, immunosuppression, inflammatory bowel diseases, past bariatric surgery, liver diseases, family history of breast cancer, migraines, polycystic ovarian syndrome, perimenopausal state, and sickle cell disease. We advocate for improved information and accessibility to contraception as a means of decreasing the rate of unintended pregnancies.

Neuroprotective effects of antenatal magnesium sulfate under inflammatory conditions in a Sprague-Dawley pregnant rat model.

OBJECTIVE: Antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) is recommended for fetal neuroprotection. The aim of this animal study was to assess the neuroprotective effect of in utero exposure to MgSO4, under inflammatory conditions. METHODS: Timed pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (n = 29) received four intra-peritoneal (IP) injections of lipopolysaccharides (LPS; 200 µg/kg), combined with increasing concentrations of MgSO4 (25, 50 or 100 mg/kg, n = 19) or saline solution (SS; n = 10). In the second set of experiments, animals (n = 8) received a single IP injection of i) LPS (500 µg/kg), MgSO4 (50 mg/kg) and SS (n = 4) or ii) LPS (500 µg/kg), MgSO4 (50 mg/kg) and IL-6 (12 µg/kg) (n = 4). Neurodevelopmental outcomes of surviving pups (n = 212) were assessed by the open field and the rotarod tests. RESULTS: Pups' average weight at postnatal day (P) 25 was 75.77 g and 89.08 g in MgSO4 and control groups, respectively (p = 0.02). Pups in MgSO4 group have traveled a shorter distance and have shown reduced motor balance and coordination (p < 0.01). Average weight of pups receiving (LPS + MgSO4+ IL-6) was 92.26 g at P25, compared to 75.86 g in (LPS + MgSO4+SS) group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our model, MgSO4 induces pup's growth retardation and motor deficits, which may partly be related to a lower IL-6 circulating concentration.