EQSAR: A national survey of sleep duration among French Anaesthesiologists and Intensivists.

INTRODUCTION: The US National Sleep Foundation recommends more than 7 hours of sleep per night for adults. Anaesthesiologists and intensivists (AI) are at high risk of short sleep time. The aim of this present survey was to assess the sleep duration of French AI and to identify independent factors related to a sleep time less than the recommended 7 hours. METHODS: This prospective observational study was conducted between April and June 2018 and included 6,210 French AI with night-work obligations. The primary outcome variable was sleep duration strictly inferior to 7 hours per night. The covariables included in the multivariable model were selected after the univariate analysis, with those with a p < 0.05 included in the final model. RESULTS: Of the 6,210 AI, 3,699 responded to the survey, and 2,483 were included in the analysis. Of the 2,483 responders, 1,533 (61.7%) reported sleep duration strictly less than 7 hours per night. After the multivariate analysis, the following risk factors were independently associated with sleep duration strictly under 7 hours: age (OR: 1.28 ; IC [1.19 - 1.37]), more than 5 on-call shifts per month, (OR: 1.41 ; IC [1.30 - 1.50]), active smoking (OR: 1.37 ; IC [1.07 - 1.75]), and screen consultation at bedtime (OR: 1.85 ; IC [1.31 - 2.62]). CONCLUSION: This study gives a recent overview of sleep time and quality of French AI. It could be a useful tool for monitoring sleep disorders among the practitioners and their impact on quality of life.

Development and validation of a virtual agent to screen tobacco and alcohol use disorders.

BACKGROUND: Substance use disorders are under-detected and not systematically diagnosed or screened for by primary care. In this study, we present the acceptability and validity of an Embodied Conversational Agent (ECA) designed to screen tobacco and alcohol use disorder, in individuals who did not seek medical help for these disorders. METHODS: Individuals were included from June 2016 to May 2017 in the Outpatient Sleep Clinic of the University Hospital of Bordeaux. DSM-5 diagnoses of tobacco and alcohol use disorders were assessed by human interviewers. The ECA interview integrated items from the Cigarette Dependence Scale-5 (CDS-5) for tobacco use disorder screening, and the "Cut Down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye-opener" (CAGE) questionnaire for alcohol use disorder screening. Paper version of CDS-5 and CAGE questionnaires and acceptability questionnaire was also self-administered. RESULTS: Of the 139 participants in the study (mean age 43.0 [SD = 13.7] years), 71 were women, and 68 were men. The ECA was well accepted by the patients. Paper self-administered CDS-5 and CAGE scores had a strong agreement with the ECA (p < 0.0001). The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis of the ECA interview showed AUC of 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-1.0) and 0.84 (95% CI, 0.69-0.98) for CDS-5 and CAGE respectively with p-value <0.0001. CONCLUSIONS: This ECA was acceptable and valid to screen tobacco or alcohol use disorder among patients not requesting treatment for addiction. The ECA could be used in hospitals and potentially in primary care settings to help clinicians to better screen their patients for alcohol and tobacco use disorders.