Oral anticoagulation therapy in atrial fibrillation patients at high risk of bleeding: Clinical characteristics and treatment strategies based on data from the Polish multicenter register of atrial fibrillation (POL-AF).

BACKGROUND: Despite its benefits, oral anticoagulant (OAC) therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with hemorrhagic complications. AIMS: We aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics of AF patients at high risk of bleeding and the frequency of OAC use as well as identify factors that predict nonuse of OACs in these patients. METHODS: Consecutive AF patients hospitalized for urgent or planned reasons in cardiac centers were prospectively included in the registry in 2019. Patients with HAS-BLED ≥3 (high HAS-BLED group) were assumed to have a high risk of bleeding. RESULTS: Among 3598 patients enrolled in the study, 29.2% were at high risk of bleeding (44.7% female; median [Q1-Q3] age 72 [65-81], CHA2DS2-VASc score 5 [4-6], HAS-BLED 3 [3-4]). In this group, 14.5% of patients did not receive OACs, 68% received NOACs, and 17.5% VKAs. In multivariable analysis, the independent predictors of nonuse of oral OACs were as follows: creatinine level (odds ratio [OR], 1.441; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.174-1.768; P <0.001), a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (OR, 2.918; 95% CI, 1.395-6.103; P = 0.004), malignant neoplasm (OR, 3.127; 95% CI, 1.332-7.343; P = 0.009), and a history of strokes or transient ischemic attacks (OR, 0.327; 95% CI, 0.166-0.642; P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: OACs were used much less frequently in the group with a high HAS-BLED score than in the group with a low score. Independent predictors of nonuse of OACs were creatinine levels, a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, and malignant neoplasms. A history of stroke or transient ischemic attack increased the chances of receiving therapy.

Why Did All Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and High Risk of Stroke Not Receive Oral Anticoagulants? Results of the Polish Atrial Fibrillation (POL-AF) Registry.

BACKGROUND: Most atrial fibrillation (AF) patients are at high risk of thromboembolic, and the use of oral anticoagulants (OACs) is advised in such cases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the frequency at which OACs were used in patients with AF and high risk thromboembolic complications, and identify factors that result in OACs not being used in the researched group of patients. METHODS: The prospective, multicenter and non-interventional POL-AF registry is a study that includes AF patients from ten Polish cardiology centers. They were consecutively hospitalized between January and December of 2019. All the patients in the study were of high stroke risk. RESULTS: A total of 3614 patients with AF and high stroke risk were included. Among the total study population, 91.5% received OAC therapy; antiplatelet therapy was prescribed for 3.7% of patients, heparin for 2.7%, and 2.1% of patients did not receive any stroke prevention therapy. Independent predictors of no OAC prescription were intracranial bleeding (OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.07-0.35, p < 0.001), gastrointestinal bleeding (OR 0.25, 95%CI 0.17-0.37, p < 0.001), cancer (OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.25-0.55, p < 0.001), hospitalization due to acute coronary syndrome (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.33-0.69, p < 0.001), and anemia (OR 0.62, 95%CI 0.48-0.81, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most AF patients with a high thromboembolic risk received OACs. The factors predisposing a lack of OAC use in these patients were conditions that significantly increased the risk of bleeding complications.

A study to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of stress coping strategies in heart failure patients in Poland (CAPS-LOCK-HF sub-study).

BACKGROUND AND AIM: We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of different stress coping strategies in Polish patients suffering from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF). METHODS: This manuscript is a sub-study of the CAPS-LOCK-HF multicentre psychological status assessment of patients with HFREF. Patients with > six-month history of HFREF and clinical stability for ≥ three months and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45% were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical variables were obtained from medical records, while a standardised Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS) was applied to all subjects. RESULTS: The study comprised 758 patients (599 men; 79%) with a median age of 64 years (IQR 58-71). Median LVEF was 33% (25-40). Subjects most commonly used task-oriented coping strategies (median CISS score 55 points; IQR 49-61), followed by avoidance (45 points; 39-50) and emotion-oriented coping strategies (41 points; 34-48). Distraction-based avoidance coping strategies (20 points; 16-23) were more pronounced than social diversion strategies (16 points; 14-19). Multiple regression analysis showed that higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class and lower systolic blood pressure were independent predictors of task-oriented style. Emotion-oriented coping was more common among females and higher NYHA classes, and in patients who did not take angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Patients who used avoidance-oriented strategies were more frequently those in sinus rhythm on assessment and those who had less history of neoplastic disease. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with HFREF most commonly use favourable task-oriented coping strategies. However, female patients and those with higher NYHA classes tend to use potentially detrimental emotion-oriented coping strategies.