The impact of cultural identity, parental communication, and peer influence on substance use among Indigenous youth in Canada.

Heavy drinking and smoking have been found to be among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within Indigenous youth in North America. The focus of this study was to examine the relative roles of cultural identity, parent-child communication about the harms of substance use (SU), and perception about peers' opinions on heavy drinking and cigarette smoking among Indigenous youth. Strong Indigenous cultural identity, parent-child communication about SU, and affiliation with peers who do not use and/or who disapprove of substance use were all expected to reduce risk for heavy drinking and smoking. Substance use beliefs were hypothesized to mediate these effects. Youth (N = 117; Mage = 14.07; grades 6-11) from two Indigenous communities in Quebec completed self-reports. Consistent with the hypotheses, strong cultural identity predicted increased negative beliefs about substance use, which predicted reduced drinking and smoking. Similarly, affiliating with peers who did not use alcohol predicted decreased positive beliefs about alcohol use, which predicted reduced drinking. Affiliating with peers who did not smoke cigarettes predicted reduced cigarette smoking. Parental influences were not supported in this model. Intervention strategies may benefit from targeting cultural identity, peer groups, and substance use beliefs among Indigenous youth.

Effectiveness of hospital clowns for symptom management in paediatrics: systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate evidence from randomised controlled trials and non-randomised controlled trials on the effectiveness of hospital clowns for a range of symptom clusters in children and adolescents admitted to hospital with acute and chronic conditions. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised controlled trials. DATA SOURCES: Medline, ISI of Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Science Direct, Scopus, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature. STUDY SELECTION: Randomised and non-randomised controlled trials were peer reviewed using the following eligibility criteria: children and adolescents who were admitted to hospital for acute conditions or chronic disorders, studies comparing use of hospital clowns with standard care, and studies evaluating the effect of hospital clowns on symptom management of inpatient children and adolescents as a primary outcome. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two investigators independently screened studies, extracted data, and appraised the risk of bias. Methodological appraisal was assessed by two investigators independently using the Jadad scale, the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised controlled trials (RoB 2), and the risk of bias in non-randomised studies (ROBINS-I) tool for non-randomised controlled trials. RESULTS: 24 studies (n=1612) met the inclusion criteria for data extraction and analysis. Most studies were randomised controlled trials (n=13). Anxiety was the most frequently analysed symptom (n=13), followed by pain (n=9), psychological and emotional responses and perceived wellbeing (n=4), stress (n=4), cancer related fatigue (n=3), and crying (n=2). Five studies used biomarkers, mainly cortisol, to assess stress or fatigue outcome following hospital clowns. Most of the randomised controlled trials (n=11; 85%) were rated as showing some concerns, and two trials were rated with a high risk of bias. Most non-randomised controlled trials (n=6; 55%) were rated with a moderate risk of bias according to ROBINS-I tool. Studies showed that children and adolescents who were in the presence of hospital clowns, either with or without a parent present, reported significantly less anxiety during a range of medical procedures, as well as improved psychological adjustment (P<0.05). Three studies that evaluated chronic conditions showed favourable results for the intervention of hospital clowns with significant reduction in stress, fatigue, pain, and distress (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the presence of hospital clowns during medical procedures, induction of anaesthesia in the preoperative room, and as part of routine care for chronic conditions might be a beneficial strategy to manage some symptom clusters. Furthermore, hospital clowns might help improve psychological wellbeing in admitted children and adolescents with acute and chronic disorders, compared with those who received only standard care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42018107099.

Effectiveness of mass testing for control of COVID-19: a systematic review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Since March 2020, when the COVID-19 outbreak has been deemed a pandemic by the WHO, the SARS-CoV-2 spreading has been the focus of attention of scientists, authorities, public health agencies and communities around the world. One of the great concerns and challenges, mainly in low-income and middle-income countries, is the identification and monitoring of COVID-19 cases. The large-scale availability of testing is a fundamental aspect of COVID-19 control, but it is currently the biggest challenge faced by many countries around the world. We aimed to synthesise and critically evaluate the scientific evidence on the influence of the testing capacity for symptomatic individuals in the control of COVID-19. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review will be conducted in eight databases, such as Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, ISI-of-Knowledge, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, SCOPUS, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, PsycINFO and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, from inception to 30 July 2020. No restriction regarding the language, publication date or setting will be employed. Primary outcomes will include the sensitivity as well as the specificity of the tests for COVID-19. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist. Methodological assessment of the studies will be evaluated by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias tool for randomised controlled trials, the MINORS for non-randomised studies and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort or case-control studies. Findings will be structured according to the test type and target population characteristics and focused on the primary outcomes (sensitivity and specificity). Moreover, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be performed. Pooled standardised mean differences and 95% CIs will be calculated. Heterogeneity between the studies will be determined by I2 statistics. Subgroup analyses will also be conducted. Publication bias will be assessed with funnel plots and Egger's test. Heterogeneity will be explored by random effects analysis. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval is not required. The results will be disseminated widely via peer-reviewed publication and presentations at conferences related to this field. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42020182724.

Clown Intervention on Psychological Stress and Fatigue in Pediatric Patients With Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Clown intervention has been shown to enhance emotional and behavioral processes, but few studies have comprehensively examined the effectiveness of this practice using biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a clown intervention on the levels of psychological stress and cancer-related fatigue in pediatric patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy. METHODS: Sixteen patients who met all criteria from a pediatric oncology inpatient unit in a Brazilian comprehensive cancer care hospital participated in this quasi-experimental study. Eight saliva samples were collected, comprising 4 at baseline and 4 after clown intervention (+1, +4, +9, and +13 hours after awakening). Salivary cortisol and α-amylase levels were determined using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Stress and fatigue were measured by the Child Stress Scale-ESI and the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, respectively. Relationships among stress, fatigue, and biomarker levels were investigated using nonparametric statistics. RESULTS: In comparison with baseline measurements, the total psychological stress and fatigue levels improved after the clown intervention at the collection time point +4 hours (P = .003 and P = .04, respectively). Salivary cortisol showed a significant decrease after clown intervention at the collection time points +1, +9, and +13 hours (P < .05); however, α-amylase levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: These findings provide preliminary evidence that clown intervention merits further study as a way to reduce stress and fatigue in pediatric cancer inpatients, and that self-report and biomarker measures are feasible to collect in this patient group. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Clown intervention as a nonpharmacological intervention may improve stress and fatigue levels in pediatric inpatients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Complementary Therapies as a Strategy to Reduce Stress and Stimulate the Immunity of Women With Breast Cancer.

The stress associated with cancer development leads to disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and suppresses important facets of the immune response. The use of complementary therapies in the treatment of women with breast cancer has demonstrated therapeutic benefits that entail improvements in the patients' quality of life. The objective of this article is to present evidence on the use of complementary therapies as a stress reduction strategy and on its stimulating effects on the immune system of women with breast cancer. This is a reflexive updating article that will support the health professionals' understanding on the use of complementary therapies in breast cancer care. The use of complementary therapies in the treatment of women with breast cancer has significantly improved these subjects' stress, depression, fatigue, anxiety, and consequently, their quality of life, as well as their immune response, which is mainly illustrated by the increased number and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. Clinicians, health professionals and patients need to be cautious about using complementary therapies and fully understand the real benefits and risks associated with each therapy. Little or no supporting evidence is available to clarify the effects on the immune system of women with breast cancer, and the consequent therapeutic benefits obtained through the use of these practices.

Complementary Therapies as a Strategy to Reduce Stress and Stimulate Immunity of Women With Breast Cancer.

The stress associated with cancer development leads to disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and suppresses important facets of the immune response. The use of complementary therapies in the treatment of women with breast cancer has demonstrated therapeutic benefits that entail improvements in the patients' quality of life. The objective of this article is to present evidence on the use of complementary therapies as a stress reduction strategy and on its stimulating effects on the immune system of women with breast cancer. This is a reflexive updating article that will support the health professionals' understanding on the use of complementary therapies in breast cancer care. The use of complementary therapies in the treatment of women with breast cancer has significantly improved these subjects' stress, depression, fatigue, anxiety, and, consequently, their quality of life, as well as their immune response, which is mainly illustrated by the increased number and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells. Clinicians, health professionals, and patients need to be cautious about using complementary therapies and fully understand the real benefits and risks associated with each therapy. Little or no supporting evidence is available to clarify the effects on the immune system of women with breast cancer, and the consequent therapeutic benefits obtained through the use of these practices.

Interventions minimizing fatigue in children/adolescents with cancer: An integrative review.

Fatigue is among the most common, debilitating, and distressing symptoms associated with chronic condition in pediatric population. The purpose of this study was to identify non-pharmacological fatigue interventions in children and adolescents with cancer. For this, we carried out an integrative review of the literature from January 2000 to December 2016. A comprehensive search of four databases was conducted: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychology Information, Medline via PubMed, and Web of Science. Randomized controlled trial, quasi-experimental, case-control and cohort studies were included in this review. Thirteen relevant studies were included for analysis. Seven papers reported positive outcomes for exercise, exercise plus leisure activities, healing touch and acupressure. In another six papers using exercise, exercise plus psychological intervention and massage, no effectiveness was found. Effective management of fatigue in children and adolescents is important but research in this area is limited, so the results of this review should be interpreted cautiously. Future researchers are encouraged to test the effective interventions in homogenous cancer populations and in other groups where fatigue is a common concern.

Fatigue and health related quality of life in children and adolescents with cancer.

PURPOSE: The study examined the different dimensions of fatigue (general, sleep/rest, cognitive), health related quality of life (HRQL) (physical, emotional, cognitive, social), and the relationships between fatigue and HRQL in hospitalized children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil. METHOD: Participants were recruited from a pediatric oncology inpatient unit in a comprehensive cancer care hospital in southeast Brazil. They completed the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale and the PedsQL Inventory of Quality of Life (Generic and Cancer module) once during hospitalization. RESULTS: The majority (66.7%) of the participants (n = 38; mean age 12.1 ± 2.9 years) had total fatigue scores < 75 on 0 to 100 scale; with the mean total fatigue score of 63.8 ± 18.5. The majority (72.2% generic; 83.3% cancer modules) had total PedsQL scores < 75 on 0 to 100 scale. The mean PedsQL score on generic module (61.1 ± 17.0) was similar to the mean PedsQL score cancer module (59.1 ± 16.7). Significant correlations were found between total fatigue and quality of life generic (r = 0.63, p = 0.000) and cancer module (r = 0.74, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The study is the first to report fatigue and health related quality of life in hospitalized children and adolescents with cancer in Brazil. Similar to experiences of other children in the world, our findings indicate that children and adolescents with cancer had problems with fatigue that were associated with low HRQL. Future studies are recommended to examine interventions (exercise, leisurely activities) that may alleviate fatigue and improve HRQL in pediatric patients with cancer.

Translational research and symptom management in oncology nursing.

In recent years, translational research (TR) has become a new approach for bridging basic research and clinical practice. This article examines studies in which the authors used TR to learn more about the underlying causes of selected symptoms, and to discuss these results in the context of cancer nursing and symptom management. A literature review was undertaken, plus critical analysis of the authors. TR conducted by cancer nursing scholars has been relatively limited in the past, but is becoming more common as nurses complete additional academic work in the basic sciences and develop research teams with colleagues of those areas of knowledge. The goal in these studies is to show how a set of variables explains differential interventional effects. The availability of TR provides new evidence for the management of symptoms experienced by individuals with cancer, which could lead to improvements in the care of cancer patients across the world.

[Theory of unpleasant symptoms: support for the management of symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer]. / Teoria dos sintomas desagradáveis: subsídios para o manejo de sintomas em crianças e adolescentes oncológicos.

OBJECTIVE: To present an overview of the clusters of neuropsychological symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer from the perspective of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms. METHODS: A theoretical and reflective study based on international literature and the critical analysis of the authors. RESULTS: In scientific literature, there is scarcity of international studies and an absence of studies in Brazil regarding the neuropsychological symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer. The theory of unpleasant symptoms is consistent because it emphasizes the complexity and interaction of the symptoms, the interrelationship between symptoms, the factors that influence symptoms, and the results and consequences of symptoms, thus supporting the planning of nursing interventions in paediatric oncology. CONCLUSION: It is essential to update knowledge on this subject and discuss the theories that support research and the clinical practice of symptom management in order to better qualify nursing care.

Theory of unpleasant symptoms: support for the management of symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer / Teoría de los síntomas desagradables: subvenciones para manejar síntomas en niños y adolescentes con câncer / Teoria dos sintomas desagradáveis: subsídios para o manejo de sintomas em crianças e adolescentes oncológicos

Objective: To present an overview of the clusters of neuropsychological symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer from the perspective of the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms.Methods: A theoretical and reflective study based on international literature and the critical analysis of the authors.Results: In scientific literature, there is scarcity of international studies and an absence of studies in Brazil regarding the neuropsychological symptom clusters in children and adolescents with cancer. The theory of unpleasant symptoms is consistent because it emphasizes the complexity and interaction of the symptoms, the interrelationship between symptoms, the factors that influence symptoms, and the results and consequences of symptoms, thus supporting the planning of nursing interventions in paediatric oncology.Conclusion: It is essential to update knowledge on this subject and discuss the theories that support research and the clinical practice of symptom management in order to better qualify nursing care.

Objetivo: Presentar el panorama actual de grupos de síntomas neuropsicológicos en niños y adolescentes con cáncer, en perspectiva de Teoría de Síntomas Desagradables.Métodos: Estudio teórico y reflexivo basado en la literatura internacional y el análisis crítico de los autores.Resultados: La literatura científica presenta internacionalmente escasos resultados y que faltan en Brasil con respecto a los grupos de síntomas neuropsicológicos en niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Esta es una teoría consistente, ya que hace hincapié en complejidad e interacción de los síntomas, las interrelaciones entre ellos, los factores que influyen y los resultados y las consecuencias de éstos, el apoyo a la planificación de las intervenciones de enfermería en oncología pediátrica.Conclusión: Actualizar el conocimiento sobre este tema, así como para discutir las teorías que apoyan la investigación y la práctica clínica en el manejo de los síntomas es fundamental para calificar el cuidado de enfermería.

Objetivo: Apresentar o panorama atual dos clusters de sintomas neuropsicológicos em crianças e adolescentes com câncer, na perspectiva da Teoria de Médio Alcance de Sintomas Desagradáveis.Métodos:Estudo teórico-reflexivo baseado na literatura internacional e na análise crítica dos autores.Resultados: A literatura científica apresenta resultados escassos internacionalmente e ausentes no Brasil, no que diz respeito aos clustersde sintomas neuropsicológicos em crianças e adolescentes com câncer. Esta é uma teoria consistente porque enfatiza a complexidade e a interação dos sintomas, as inter-relações entre os mesmos, os fatores que os influenciam e os resultados e consequências destes, corroborando o planejamento de intervenções de enfermagem em oncologia pediátrica.Conclusão: Atualizar o conhecimento desse tema, bem como discutir as teorias que dão suporte à pesquisa e à prática clínica no manejo de sintomas, é parte fundamental para qualificar o cuidado de enfermagem.

Occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens in a specialized care service in Brazil.

In a retrospective study about the epidemiology of exposure to bloodborne pathogens among health care providers, 71.10% of the analyzed events occurred among health professionals, mainly auxiliary nurses. Percutaneous exposure (83.04%) was the most frequent. Greater advances are necessary in the development of public policies for this issue in terms of inspection of regulatory norms and raising the professionals' awareness through policy and education.

High validity and reliability of the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale for Brazilian children with cancer.

Among the main factors that affect patients' quality of life, fatigue is a significant symptom experienced by children during treatment. Despite the high incidence, there has been no validated scale to evaluate fatigue in children with cancer in Brazil. The purpose of this study was to examine the psychometric properties of the PedsQL™ Multidimensional Fatigue Scale, using self-reports of Brazilian children, 8 to 18 years of age, and proxy reports. A cross-sectional method was used to collect data from 216 subjects over an 18-month period. Reliability ranged from .70 to .90 except for sleep/rest fatigue, self-report (α = .55). No floor or ceiling effects were found in any dimension. Convergent validity was higher than .40 and divergent validity had 100% adjustment. The root mean square error of approximation was acceptable. The comparative fit index was lower than expected. The agreement between self and proxy responses was weak and moderate. The results demonstrate the reliability and validity of the Brazilian version in children with cancer. This is the first validated scale that assesses fatigue in Brazilian children and adolescents with cancer.

Practicability of comprehensive care in clinical genetics in the Brazilian Unified Health System: expanding the debate / Ejecutabilidad del cuidado integral en genética clínica en Sistema Unico de Salud: la ampliación del debate / Exequibilidade da atenção integral em genética clínica no Sistema Unico de Saúde: ampliando o debate

This article aims to highlight the discussions on the National Policy for Comprehensive Care in Clinical Genetics and reflect on its pending regulation when genomic discoveries change the model of health care. Nine of the ten causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide presents genetic/genomic predisposition. Based on strategic planning, this Policy proposes the organization of a network of referral services and specialized centers in genetics, with capacity to meet the needs of the population. Its regulation requires training and qualification of the health care professionals to provide comprehensive care, to optimize access, to identify and diagnose individuals with increased risk for injuries with genetic predisposition early. In primary health care, the care in question should not be interpreted as a specialty, but as specialized. This model presents innovative perspectives, in line with the principles and guidelines of the Unified Health System.

Este estudio objetivó tornar prominentes discusiones acerca de la Política Nacional de Cuidado Integral en Genética Clínica y reflexionar sobre su regulación pendiente cuando descubrimientos genómicos transforman el modelo de atención a salud. Nueve entre diez causas de morbilidad y mortalidad en todo mundo presentan predisposición genética/genómica. La Política, fundamentada en la planificación estratégica, propone ofrecimiento de asesoramiento genético, mediante estructuración de una red de servicios de referencia y centros especializados, para satisfacer las necesidades de la población. Su regulación requiere capacitación y cualificación de profesionales de salud para ofrecer el cuidado integral, optimizar el acceso, identificar y diagnosticar precozmente individuos con mayor riesgo de enfermedades con predisposición genética. En la atención primaria de salud, el cuidado en cuestión no debe ser interpretado como una especialidad, pero sí como especializado. Este modelo presenta perspectivas innovadoras en consonancia con principios y directrices de los modeladores del Sistema Único de Salud.

Este artigo tem por objetivo tornar proeminentes as discussões acerca da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral em Genética Clínica e refletir sobre sua pendente regulamentação, quando descobertas genômicas transformam o modelo de atenção à saúde. Nove dentre dez causas de morbimortalidade mundiais apresentam predisposição genética/genômica. Essa Política, fundamentada no planejamento estratégico, propõe a estruturação de uma rede de serviços de referência e centros especializados em genética, com capacidade para responder às necessidades da população. Sua regulamentação pressupõe capacitação e qualificação dos profissionais de saúde para oferecer atenção integral, otimizar o acesso, identificar e diagnosticar precocemente indivíduos com risco aumentado para agravos com predisposição genética. Na atenção básica à saúde, o cuidado em pauta não deve ser interpretado enquanto especialidade, mas como especializado. Esse modelo apresenta perspectivas inovadoras em consonância com os princípios e diretrizes modeladores do Sistema Único de Saúde.

O ensino de primeiros socorros sob a ótica de um currículo de orientação problematizadora / El enseño de los primeros auxilios bajo la óptica de un currículo de orientación problematizada / The teaching of first aid from the perspective of a problem - oriented curriculum

Objective: Identifying and describing the knowledge of graduate students of the first semester of medicine and nursing course at a Brazilian College, related to the subject of first aid before and after the conduct of training guided by active methods of teaching-learning. Method: this research is a quasi-experimental type pre-test/post-test, conducted in a Brazilian city in 2009. The sample was non-probabilistic and included 110 students who were enrolled in that series of both courses. There was used a pre-test/post-test consisting of closed questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive parametric statistics. Results: among the participants, 35 students were enrolled in nursing course and 75 in the medicine course, with an average age of 24 years old. There was a significantly higher score on the post-test compared to the pre-test. Conclusion: the training showed up as a valid strategy for the training of graduate students. It is suggested its dissemination beyond the academic realm.

Objetivo: Identificar e descrever o conhecimento de estudantes da primeira série de medicina e enfermagem de uma faculdade estadual, relacionado à temática de primeiros socorros, antes e após a realização de um treinamento norteado por metodologias ativas de ensino-aprendizagem. Método: esta pesquisa é um quase experimento do tipo pré-teste/pós-teste, conduzida em uma cidade paulista em 2009. A amostra foi não probabilística e compreendeu 110 estudantes que estavam matriculados naquela série de ambos os cursos. Utilizou-se um pré-teste e um pós-teste composto por questões fechadas. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e estatística paramétrica. Resultados: dos participantes, 35 eram estudantes de enfermagem e 75 estudantes de medicina, com idade média de 24 anos. Houve um aumento significativo de acertos no pós-teste, comparativamente ao pré-teste, obtendo significância estatística em 10 assertivas. Conclusão: o treinamento mostrou-se como uma estratégia válida de capacitação dos estudantes. Sugere-se sua difusão para além do âmbito acadêmico.

Objetivo: Identificar y describir el conocimiento de estudiantes del primer semestre de medicina y enfermeria de una universidad brasileña, acerca de primeros auxilios, antes y despues de una capacitación enfocada en dos metodologias de aprendizaje activa. Método: es un estudio quase-experimental del tipo preprueba y post-prueba, acontecío en una ciudad brasileña en 2009. La muestra no-probabilística fue composta por 110 estudiantes matriculados en el primer semestre de los dos cursos. Se usó preprueba y post-prueba con preguntas cerradas. Se analizaron los datos por la estatística descriptiva y estatística paramétrica. Resultados: de los 110 estudiantes, 35 eran de enfermeria y 75 de medicina, con una média de edad de 24 años. Hubo una mejora de aciertos en la post-prueba, comparado con la preprueba, obteniendo significancia estatística en 10 preguntas. Conclusión: la capacitacíon se parece una estratégia válida para el entrenamiento de estudiantes. Sugere su propagación más allá del ámbito académico.

Efeitos da atividade física na qualidade de vida de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade pós-menopausa / Effects of physical activity on the quality of life in women with overweight and post menopausal obesity

Este estudo objetivou analisar o impacto de um programa de exercícios físicos adaptado à realidade de Unidades de Saúde da Família (USF) sobre a Qualidade de Vida (QV) de mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade no período pós-menopausa. Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva, transversal e quantitativa, conduzida em USF de um município do centro-oeste paulista. A amostra por conveniência foi de 68 mulheres com sobrepeso e obesidade na pós-menopausa alocadas igualmente e aleatoriamente em grupo exercício e grupo controle. Oprograma de exercícios físicos foi estabelecido com base nas recomendações do Colégio Americano de Medicina do Esporte sendo este adaptado às condições disponíveis em USF. Para análise dos dados utilizamos a estatística descritiva e a estatística paramétrica e não paramétrica, com α fixado em 0,05. No grupo exercício foi verificado valores significativamente maiores do que no grupo controle para os domínios capacidadefuncional, aspectos físicos, dor, saúde geral, saúde mental e percepção geral de qualidade de vida. A condição de saúde é determinada por múltiplos fatores e pode ser monitorada por diferentes indicadores. A QV tem se apresentado com um importante indicador da condição da saúde devido seu impacto sobre a autonomia para a realização de atividades diárias da mulher pós-menopausa

This study aimed to analyze the impact of a physical exercise program adapted to the reality of the Family Health Units (FHUs), about Quality of Life (QoL) in women with overweight and obesity in postmenopausal. This is a descriptive, cross-sectional quantitative research conducted in FHU in a Midwestern city of São Paulo. Aconvenience sample consisted of 68 postmenopausal women with overweight and obese equally and randomlyallocated to the exercise group and the control group. The exercise program was based on the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine which is adapted to the conditions available at FHU. For data analysis it was used descriptive statistics and statistical parametric and nonparametric, with α set at 0.05. In the exercise group was found domains significantly higher than in the control group for the domains functional capacity, physical aspects, pain, general health, mental health and general perception of quality of life. The condition of health is determined by multiple factors and can be monitored by different indicators. QoL has performed an important indicator of the health condition due to its impact on the autonomy to carry out daily activities of postmenopausal women.

Úlceras por pressão em pacientes com lesão medular traumática: subsídios na identificação microbiológica / Úlceras por presión en pacientes con lesión traumática médula espinal: subvenciones en identificación microbiológica / Pressure ulcers in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury: subsidies in microbiological identification

Objective: To determine the prevalence of bacterial species in pressure ulcers (PU) in patients with spinal cord injury treated by a Physically Handicapped Association. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, conducted in a northeastern city from 2009 to 2010. The sample was consecutive, not probabilistic and comprised 20 individuals with spinal cord injury and PU being treated in the Association and without antibiotic therapy. Samples were collected from exudates of PU, using sterile swabs, plated on Blood Agar plates and incubated at 35°C for 24 hours. For identification of microorganisms were employed biochemical tests. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Results: The six microorganisms were: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Proteus spp., Escherichia coli and Enterobacter spp. Conclusion: Additional prospective microbiological investigations are needed to assess the prevalence of pathogens in patients with PU injured thus instituting, nutritional, therapeutic and educational programs that reduce bacterial colonization and infection.

Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de espécies bacterianas em úlceras por pressão (UP) de pacientes com lesão raquimedular assistidos por uma associação de deficientes físicos. Método: Estudo descritivo, transversal, quantitativo, conduzido em uma cidade nordestina de 2009 a 2010. A amostra foi consecutiva não probabilística e compreendeu 20 indivíduos com lesão raquimedular e UP, em acompanhamento na associação e sem uso de antibioticoterapia. Coletaram-se amostras de exsudatos das UP, utilizando suabes estéreis, semeadas em ágar sangue e incubadas a 35°C por 24 horas. Para identificação dos microrganismos, foram empregadas provas bioquímicas. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva para análise dos dados. Resultados: Os seis microrganismos encontrados foram: S. aureus, S. epidermides, S. saprophyticus, Proteus spp., Escherichia coli e Enterobacter spp. Conclusão: Investigações microbiológicas prospectivas adicionais são necessárias para avaliar a prevalência dos agentes patogênicos de UP em pacientes lesionados, a fim de instituir programas educacionais, nutricionais e terapêuticos que reduzam a colonização e infecção bacteriana.

Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de especies bacterianas en las úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes con lesión medular espinal (LME) tratada por una Asociación de Discapacitados Físicos. Método: Estudio descriptivo-transversal, cuantitativo, realizado en una ciudad del noreste en 2009-2010. La muestra fue no probabilística, secuencial y comprende 20 individuos con LME y UPP y sin tratamiento antibiótico. Se recogieron muestras de exudados de la UPP, utilizando torundas estériles, sembradas en placas de Agar Sangre y se incubaron a 35°C durante 24 horas. Los microorganismos fueron identificados por pruebas bioquímicas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis de datos. Resultados: Los seis microorganismos fueron: S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. saprophyticus, Proteus spp, Escherichia coli y Enterobacter spp. Conclusión: Se necesitan investigaciones microbiológicas prospectivas para evaluar la prevalencia de patógenos en LME con UPP instituyendo así, los programas nutricionales, terapéuticos y educativos para reducir la colonización bacteriana y la infección.

Gestação e hanseníase: uma associação de risco nos serviços de saúde / Pregnancy and leprosy: a association of risk in the health services

Estudo descritivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Teve por objetivos levantar aspectos sociodemográficos de um grupo de mulheres com hanseníase, em idade fértil; verificar características clínicas da hanseníase no mesmo grupo; e identificar risco de exposição de mulheres em tratamento de hanseníase a uma gestação, bem como a prática anticoncepcional destas. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2006, em um Centro de Referência em Dermatologia Sanitária, localizado em Fortaleza-CE. Participaram 80 mulheres portadoras de hanseníase, em idade fértil (30% do total das cadastra-das no serviço). Foram excluídas mulheres histerectomizadas e menopausadas. Destas, 10 (12,5%) estavam na faixa etária da adolescência; 38 (47,5%) eram casadas ou viviam de forma consensual; 16 (20%) mantinham o desejo de conceber; 39 (48,8%) utilizavam métodos anticoncepcionais, sendo que 9 (23%) faziam sem a orientação de um profissional; e 66 (82,5%) desconheciam os efeitos da gestação na hanseníase. Oito (10%) manifestaram a hanseníase na gravidez, 32 (40%) apresentaram reações hansênicas e 4 (13%) fizeram uso de Talidomida (fármaco teratogênico em mulheres em idade fértil). Com base nos resultados encontrados podemos afirmar que mulheres portadoras de hanseníase em tratamento, ficam expostas a uma gravidez de alto risco, aumentando as chances e a gravidade das reações hansênicas e das recidivas, o que deve ser atenção adequada em anticoncepção.

Descriptive study with quantitative approach. Aimed to raise sociodemographic aspects from a group of wom-en with leprosy in childbearing; verify clinical character-istics of leprosy in the same group, and identify expo-sure of pregnant women in treatment for leprosy and the contraceptive practice of these. Data were collected in October 2006 in a Reference Center in Sanitary Der-matology, located in Fortaleza, Brazil. Participated 80 women with leprosy, in childbearing age (30% of total enrolled in the service). Were excluded hysterectomized women and postmenopausal. Of these, 10 (12.5%) were aged teens, 38 (47.5%) were married or living in a con-sensual manner, 16 (20%) had the desire to conceive, 39 (48.8%) used contraceptive methods, and 9 (23%) were without the guidance of a professional, and 66 (82.5%) ignored the effects of pregnancy on leprosy. Eight (10%) had leprosy in pregnancy, 32 (40%) had reactions and 4 (13%) made use of Thalidomide (drug teratogenic in women of childbearing age). Based on these results we can affirm that women with leprosy treatment, are exposed to a high risk pregnancy, increasing the likeli-hood and severity of the reactions and relapses, which should be mitigated by proper care in contraception.