Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from Porcine Bone Marrow, Implanted under the Kidney Capsule, form an Ectopic Focus Containing Bone, Hematopoietic Stromal Microenvironment, and Muscles.

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an object of intense investigation due to their therapeutic potential. MSCs have been well studied in vitro, while their fate after implantation in vivo has been poorly analyzed. We studied the properties of MSCs from the bone marrow (BM-MSC) before and after implantation under the renal capsule using a mini pig model. Autologous BM-MSCs were implanted under the kidney capsule. After 2.5 months, ectopic foci containing bones, foci of ectopic hematopoiesis, bone marrow stromal cells and muscle cells formed. Small pieces of the implant were cultivated as a whole. The cells that migrated out from these implants were cultured, cloned, analyzed and were proven to meet the most of criteria for MSCs, therefore, they are designated as MSCs from the implant-IM-MSCs. The IM-MSC population demonstrated high proliferative potential, similar to BM-MSCs. IM-MSC clones did not respond to adipogenic differentiation inductors: 33% of clones did not differentiate, and 67% differentiated toward an osteogenic lineage. The BM-MSCs revealed functional heterogeneity after implantation under the renal capsule. The BM-MSC population consists of mesenchymal precursor cells of various degrees of differentiation, including stem cells. These newly discovered properties of mini pig BM-MSCs reveal new possibilities in terms of their manipulation.

Progressive Scoliosis and Syringomyelia - Questions of Surgical Approach.

BACKGROUND: The rate of scoliosis in syringomyelia patients ranges from 25 to 74.4%. In turn, syringomyelia occurs in 1.2% to 9.7% of scoliosis patients. AIM: To evaluate outcomes of surgical correction of the scoliotic deformity in syringomyelia patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2015, 3120 patients with scoliosis of various etiologies were treated at the Clinic for Child and Adolescent Vertebrology of the Novosibirsk Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics. We conducted a retrospective analysis of syringomyelia-associated scoliosis cases that required surgical correction. RESULTS: Syringomyelia was found in 33 patients (1.05%) out of 3120 patients with spinal deformities of various etiologies; in 21 patients (0.9%) with idiopathic scoliosis of 2334 patients. In identifying the neurological deficit, the recommended first step is to perform neurosurgery. Nineteen patients were operated using the CDI, 4 patients underwent correction VEPTR, in 1 case instrumentation could not be established, 9 patients are undergoing treatment in the department of neurosurgery at the moment. Worsening of neurological deficits was not observed in any patient. CONCLUSION: A comparison of the results of syringomyelia-associated scoliosis correction with the data of other authors was done. The choice of surgery tactics is strictly individual and depends on the size of the cavity. The result of surgical intervention is generally positive and the loss of correction by the end of follow-up is negligible.