RESUMO
Relapse of acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) after first allogenic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is a fatal complication. Sixty-five children transplanted for AML were included in a prospective national study from June 2005 to July 2008 to explore the feasibility of preemptive immune modulation based on the monitoring of blood chimerism. Relapse occurred in 23 patients (35%). The median time between the last complete chimerism and relapse was 13.5 days (2-138). Prompt discontinuation of cyclosporin and the administration of donor lymphocyte infusions (DLIs) based on chimerism monitoring failed as a preemptive tool, either for detecting relapse or certifying long-term remission.
Assuntos
Ciclosporina/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Imunomodulação , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Transfusão de Linfócitos , Doadores de Tecidos , Quimeras de Transplante/sangue , Aloenxertos , Criança , Ciclosporina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/sangue , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , RecidivaRESUMO
Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a recessive disorder caused by biallelic pathogenic variants of ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). This disease is characterized by progressive ataxia, telangiectasia, immune deficiency, predisposition to malignancies, and radiosensitivity. However, hypomorphic variants may be discovered associated with very atypical phenotypes, raising the importance of evaluating their pathogenic effects. In this study, multiple functional analyses were performed on lymphoblastoid cell lines from 36 patients, comprising 49 ATM variants, 24 being of uncertain significance. Thirteen patients with atypical phenotype and presumably hypomorphic variants were of particular interest to test strength of functional analyses and to highlight discrepancies with typical patients. Western-blot combined with transcript analyses allowed the identification of one missing variant, confirmed suspected splice defects and revealed unsuspected minor transcripts. Subcellular localization analyses confirmed the low level and abnormal cytoplasmic localization of ATM for most A-T cell lines. Interestingly, atypical patients had lower kinase defect and less altered cell-cycle distribution after genotoxic stress than typical patients. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the pathogenic effects of the 49 variants, highlighted the strength of KAP1 phosphorylation test for pathogenicity assessment and allowed the establishment of the Ataxia-TeLangiectasia Atypical Score to predict atypical phenotype. Altogether, we propose strategies for ATM variant detection and classification.
Assuntos
Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Ataxia Telangiectasia/diagnóstico , Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Variação Genética , Processamento Alternativo , Ciclo Celular , Linhagem Celular , Análise Mutacional de DNA , Estudos de Associação Genética/métodos , Genótipo , Humanos , Mutação , FenótipoRESUMO
Relapse after transplantation is a major cause of treatment failure in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Here, we report the findings of a prospective national study designed to investigate the feasibility of immune intervention in children in first or subsequent remission following myeloablative conditioning. This study included 133 children who received a transplant for ALL between 2005 and 2008. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) based on T cell receptor/immunoglobulin gene rearrangements was measured on days -30, 30, 90 and 150 post-transplantation. Ciclosporin treatment was rapidly discontinued and donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) were programmed for patients with a pre- or post-transplant MRD status ≥10(-3) . Only nine patients received DLI. Pre- and post-transplant MRD status, and the duration of ciclosporin were independently associated with 5-year overall survival (OS), which was 62·07% for the whole cohort. OS was substantially higher in patients cleared of MRD than in those with persistent MRD (52·3% vs. 14·3%, respectively). Only pre-transplant MRD status (Hazard Ratio 2·57, P = 0·04) and duration of ciclosporin treatment (P < 0·001) were independently associated with relapse. The kinetics of chimerism were not useful for predicting relapse, whereas MRD monitoring up to 90 d post-transplantation was a valuable prognostic tool to guide therapeutic intervention.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Quimeras de Transplante , Transferência Adotiva , Criança , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Linfócitos , Masculino , Neoplasia Residual , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/mortalidade , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Doadores de Tecidos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Minimal residual disease (MRD) is a major predictive factor of the cure rate of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Haematopoietic cell transplantation is a treatment option for patients at high risk of relapse. Between 2005 and 2008, we conducted a prospective study evaluating the feasibility and efficacy of the reduction of immunosuppressive medication shortly after a non-ex vivo T depleted myeloablative transplantation. Immunoglobulin (Ig)H/T-cell receptor MRD 30 d before transplant could be obtained in 122 of the 133 cases of high-risk paediatric ALL enrolled. There were no significant demographic differences except remission status (first or second complete remission) between the 95 children with MRD <10(-3) and the 27 with MRD ≥10(-3) . Multivariate analysis identified sex match and MRD as being significantly associated with 5-year survival. MRD ≥10(-3) compromised the 5-year cumulative incidence of relapse (43·6 vs. 16·7%). Complete remission status and stem cell source did not modify the relationship between MRD and prognosis. Thus, pre-transplant MRD is still a major predictor of outcome for ALL. The MRD-guided strategy resulted in survival for 72·3% of patients with MRD<10(-3) and 40·4% of those with MRD ≥10(-3).
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/métodos , Neoplasia Residual/patologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/patologia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasia Residual/imunologia , Neoplasia Residual/terapia , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/imunologia , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Indução de Remissão , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) transplantation is a curative treatment for many hematologic malignancies for which umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents an alternative source of HSCs. To overcome the low cellularity of one UCB unit, double UCB transplantation (dUCBT) has been developed in adults. We have analyzed the outcome of 136 patients who underwent dUCBT reported to the SFGM-TC registry between 2005 and 2007. Forty-six patients received myeloablative regimens, and 90 patients received reduced-intensity conditioning regimens. There were 84 cases of leukemia, 17 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, 11 cases of myeloma, and 24 other hematologic malignancies. At transplantation, 40 (29%) patients were in complete remission. At day 60 after transplantation, the cumulative incidence of neutrophil recovery was 91%. We observed one UCB unit domination in 88% of cases. The cumulative incidence of day 100 acute graft-versus-host disease, chronic graft-versus-host disease, transplant-related mortality, and relapse at 2 years were 36%, 23%, 27%, and 28% respectively. After a median follow-up of 49.5 months, the 3-year probabilities of overall and progression-free survival were 41% and 35%, respectively, with a significant overall survival advantage when male cord engrafted male recipients. We obtained a long-term plateau among patients in complete remission, which makes dUCBT a promising treatment strategy for these patients.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/métodos , Neoplasias Hematológicas/cirurgia , Sistema de Registros/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante/métodos , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is susceptible to latency and reactivation in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. We investigated the incidence of HHV-6 DNAemia and factors related to HHV-6 DNAemia and death after allogeneic stem cell transplantations. We also explored the relationship between HHV-6 viral load and the presence of clinical signs. METHODS: Data concerning age, sex, transplantation conditions, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), treatments, clinical signs, outcome, HHV-6, and other infections were collected for a historical cohort of 390 HSCT performed between 1999 and 2008 in the Transplant Unit of Nancy University Hospital Center. Univariate analysis was used to evaluate influences between the different parameters. RESULTS: The study included 220 of the 390 allogeneic HSCTs. For the analyzed period, 44 patients (n=44/220, 20%) presented HHV-6 DNAemia in whole blood, including three integrated forms. Fifteen percent (7/41) of HHV-6-positive patients presented clinical signs not related to higher viral load (P=0.164). The factors associated with HHV-6 DNAemia were as follows: cord blood transplantation (P<0.001), conditioning regimen (P=0.030), acute GVHD (P=0.003), and the type of prophylactic treatment for GVHD (P=0.001). HHV-6 DNAemia was not significantly associated with cytomegalovirus infection (P=0.937). HHV-6 DNAemia was not associated with death (P=0.151). CONCLUSIONS: HHV-6 DNAemia was not so frequent after allogeneic transplantation. Factors associated with HHV-6 DNAemia were similar to those for other infections. No abnormally high death rate was observed in the HHV-6 positive population. The presence of clinical signs did not appear to be statistically related to HHV-6 viral load.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Herpesvirus Humano 6/fisiologia , Infecções por Roseolovirus/epidemiologia , Ativação Viral , Adulto , DNA Viral/sangue , Feminino , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/mortalidade , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Prognóstico , Transplante Homólogo , Carga ViralRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study aimed to analyze the associations between childhood acute leukemia (AL) and maternal caffeinated beverage consumption during pregnancy, and to explore interactions between caffeinated and alcoholic beverage consumption and polymorphisms of enzymes involved in caffeine and ethanol metabolisms. METHODS: The data were generated by the French ESCALE study, which included 764 AL cases and 1,681 controls in 2003-2004. The case and control mothers were interviewed on their consumption habits during pregnancy using a standardized questionnaire. Genotypes of the candidate alleles (NAT2*5 rs1801280, ADH1C*2 rs698 and rs1693482, CYP2E1*5 rs2031920 and rs3813867) were obtained using high-throughput genotyping and imputation data for 493 AL cases and 549 controls with at least two grandparents born in Europe. RESULTS: Maternal regular coffee consumption during pregnancy was associated with childhood AL (OR = 1.2 [1.0-1.5], p = 0.02); the odds ratios increased linearly with daily intake (p for trend <0.001; >2 cups per day vs. no or less than 1 cup per week: AL: OR = 1.6 [1.2-2.1], lymphoblastic AL: OR = 1.5 [1.1-2.0], myeloblastic AL: OR = 2.4 [1.3-4.3]). The association was slightly more marked for children born to non-smoking mothers. Lymphoblastic AL was also associated with cola soda drinking (OR = 1.3 [1.0-1.5], p = 0.02). No significant gene-environment interactions with coffee, tea, cola soda, or alcohol drinking were observed. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional evidence that maternal coffee consumption during pregnancy may be associated with childhood AL. Coffee consumption is a prevalent habit and its potential involvement in childhood AL needs to be considered further.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/efeitos adversos , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Café/efeitos adversos , Leucemia/etiologia , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Chá/efeitos adversos , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Álcool Desidrogenase/genética , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferase/genética , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citocromo P-450 CYP2E1/genética , Feminino , Seguimentos , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Leucemia/diagnóstico , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Gravidez , Prognóstico , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Although hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) offers curative potential for beta-thalassemia major (beta-TM), it is associated with a variable but significant incidence of graft rejection. We studied the French national experience for improvement over time and the potential benefit of antithymocyte globulin (ATG). Between December 1985 and December 2007, 108 patients with beta-TM underwent HSCT in 21 different French transplantation centers. The majority of patients received a matched sibling transplant (n = 96) and a busulfan- and cyclophosphamide-based conditioning regimen (n = 95), also with ATG in 57 cases. Ninety-five of the 108 patients survived, with a median follow-up of 12 years. Probabilities of 15-year survival and thalassemia-free survival after first HSCT were 86.8% and 69.4%, respectively. Graft failure occurred in 24 patients, 11 of whom underwent a second HSCT. The use of ATG was associated with a decrease in rejection rate from 35% to 10%. Thalassemia-free survival improved significantly with time, reaching 83% in the 54 patients undergoing HSCT after 1994 (median time of HSCT). In view of the increased risk of graft rejection after matched sibling HSCT, current French national guidelines recommend, for all children at risk for beta-TM, the systematic addition of ATG to the myeloablative conditioning regimen and special attention to optimize transfusion and chelation therapy in the pretransplantation period.
Assuntos
Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Estudos Retrospectivos , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Talassemia beta/mortalidade , Talassemia beta/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Bussulfano/administração & dosagem , Pré-Escolar , Ciclofosfamida/administração & dosagem , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Seguimentos , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Agonistas Mieloablativos/administração & dosagem , Irmãos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) combining fludarabine, low-dose total body irradiation (TBI) and rituximab before allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) from human leucocyte antigen (HLA) identical siblings, we conducted a prospective study in patients ≤65 years old with advanced chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) stage B or C in response after a salvage treatment. Conditioning included rituximab (375 mg/m² on day 5), fludarabine (30 mg/m² from day 4 to day 2), TBI (2 Gy on day 0), and rituximab (500 mg/m² on days 1 and 8). Forty patients were included, 34 (85%) were male with a median age of 54 years (range, 35-65 years), 38 (95%) were in B stage, and 2 were in stage C; only 7 patients (17%) were in complete response. Seven (17%) patients did not receive rituximab. Thirty-nine (98%) patients engrafted, 17 patients developed acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) grade ≥II with a cumulative incidence at 3 months of 44% (36-52) with a significant protective effect of rituximab (p = 0.02). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 29% (21-36) at 12 months for both limited and extensive forms. The median overall survival was not reached with 5-years probability of 55% (41-74). The multivariate analysis showed a positive effect of rituximab on overall survival and event-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.1 [0-0.6], p = 0.02; and HR = 0.1 [0-0.4], p = 0.035, respectively). The association of fludarabine, TBI, and rituximab is feasible, well tolerated, and allows better outcomes in advanced CLL.
Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/cirurgia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue Periférico , Irradiação Corporal Total , Adulto , Idoso , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/administração & dosagem , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Esquema de Medicação , Feminino , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/etiologia , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Efeito Enxerto vs Leucemia , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Linfocítica Crônica de Células B/patologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Estudos Prospectivos , Rituximab , Terapia de Salvação , Transplante Homólogo , Resultado do Tratamento , Vidarabina/administração & dosagem , Vidarabina/efeitos adversos , Vidarabina/análogos & derivados , Irradiação Corporal Total/efeitos adversos , Irradiação Corporal Total/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: WHIM syndrome (WS), a rare congenital neutropenia due to mutations of the CXCR4 chemokine receptor, is associated with Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-induced Warts, Hypogammaglobulinemia, bacterial Infections and Myelokathexis. The long term follow up of eight patients highlights the clinical heterogeneity of this disease as well as the main therapeutic approaches and remaining challenges in the light of the recent development of new CXCR4 inhibitors. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to describe the natural history of WS based on a French cohort of 8 patients. METHODS: We have reviewed the clinical, biological and immunological features of patients with WS enrolled into the French Severe Chronic Neutropenia Registry. RESULTS: We identified four pedigrees with WS comprised of eight patients and one foetus. Estimated incidence for WS was of 0.23 per million births. Median age at the last visit was 29 years. Three pedigrees encompassing seven patients and the fetus displayed autosomal dominant heterozygous mutations of the CXCR4 gene, while one patient presented a wild-type CXCR4 gene. Two subjects exhibited congenital conotruncal heart malformations. In addition to neutropenia and myelokathexis, all patients presented deep monocytopenia and lymphopenia. Seven patients presented repeated bacterial Ears Nose Throat as well as severe bacterial infections that were curable with antibiotics. Four patients with late onset prophylaxis developed chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Two patients reported atypical mycobacteria infections which in one case may have been responsible for one patient's death due to liver failure at the age of 40.6 years. HPV-related disease manifested in five subjects and progressed as invasive vulvar carcinoma with a fatal course in one patient at the age of 39.5 years. In addition, two patients developed T cell lymphoma skin cancer and basal cell carcinoma at the age of 38 and 65 years. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous prophylactic anti-infective measures, when started in early childhood, seem to effectively prevent further bacterial infections and the consequent development of COPD. Long-term follow up is needed to evaluate the effect of early anti-HPV targeted prophylaxis on the development of skin and genital warts.
Assuntos
Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/genética , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/patologia , Verrugas/genética , Verrugas/patologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Bacterianas/etiologia , Infecções Bacterianas/prevenção & controle , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/complicações , Lactente , Masculino , Linhagem , Doenças da Imunodeficiência Primária , Receptores CXCR4/genética , Sistema de Registros , Verrugas/complicações , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Chronic granulomatous disease is an inherited disorder in which phagocytes lack a functional NADPH oxidase and cannot produce superoxide anions. The most common form is caused by mutations in CYBB encoding gp91phox. We investigated 24 CGD patients and their families. Twenty-one mutations in CYBB were classified as X91(0), X91(+) or X91(-) variants according to cytochrome b (558) expression. Point mutations in encoding regions represented 50 % of the mutations found in CYBB, splice site mutations 27 %, deletions and insertions 23 %. Eight mutations in CYBB were novel leading to X91(0)CGD cases. Two of these were point mutations: c493G>T and a double mutation c625C>G in exon 6 and c1510C>T in exon 12 leading to a premature stop codon at Gly165 in gp91phox and missense mutations His209Arg/Thr503Ile respectively. Two novel splice mutations in 5'intronic regions of introns 1 and 6 were found. A novel deletion/insertion c1024_1026delCTG/insT results in a frameshift introducing a stop codon at position 346 in gp91phox. The last novel mutation was the insertion of a T at c1373 leading to a frameshift and a premature stop codon at position 484 in gp91phox. For the first time the precise size of two large mutations in CYBB was determined by array-comparative genomic hybridization and carriers' status were evaluated by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification assay. No clear correlation between clinical severity and CYBB mutations could be established. Of three mutations in CYBA, NCF1 and NCF2 leading to rare autosomal recessive CGD, one nonsense mutation c29G>A in exon 1 of NCF2 was new.
Assuntos
Doença Granulomatosa Crônica/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , NADPH Oxidases/genética , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Mutação , NADPH Oxidase 2RESUMO
BACKGROUND: A prospective clinical trial was performed in order to validate the pharmacokinetic (PK) and clinical benefits of a new dosing schedule of intravenous busulfan (IV Bu) in children. PROCEDURE: IV Bu was administered as a 2-hr infusion every 6 hr for 4 days. Five dose levels were given according to body-weight strata. RESULTS: The 67 children aged from 4 months to 17.2 years were followed up over 50 months after autologous or allogeneic stem-cell transplantation. Reduced PK variability was seen after IV Bu administration enabling efficient targeting with 78% of patients within the 900-1,500 µM · min therapeutic window and reproducible exposures across administrations. No neurological complications occurred. The low incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) recorded was not correlated with high area under the curve (AUC). Only stomatitis was correlated with high AUC in the autologous group. The 4-year overall survival was 59% in the autologous group and 82% in the allogeneic group. CONCLUSION: The new dosing schedule using IV Bu provides adequate therapeutic targeting from the first administration, with low toxicity and good disease control in high-risk children. The choice of this formulation of Bu should be considered because of its low morbidity and good outcome.
Assuntos
Peso Corporal , Bussulfano/administração & dosagem , Bussulfano/farmacocinética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Adolescente , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos Alquilantes/farmacocinética , Área Sob a Curva , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Terapia Combinada , Feminino , Seguimentos , Hepatopatia Veno-Oclusiva/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Lactente , Injeções Intravenosas , Masculino , Prognóstico , Taxa de Sobrevida , Distribuição Tecidual , Transplante HomólogoRESUMO
The DEFI study has collected clinical data and biological specimens from kindreds with CVID. Patients with demonstrated parental consanguinity (cCVID group) were compared to patients without parental consanguinity (ncCVID). A total of 24 of the 436 patients with CVID had consanguineous parents. Age at first symptoms and age at diagnosis were comparable in the two groups. Some complications were more frequent in cCVID patients: splenomegaly (62.5% vs. 29%; p = 0.001), granulomatous disease (29% vs. 12%; p = 0.02), and bronchiectasis (58% vs. 29%; p = 0.003). A high incidence of opportunistic infections was also observed in this population (29% vs. 5%; p < 0.001). Distribution of B-cell subsets were similar in the two groups. Naïve CD4+ T cells were decreased in cCVID patients (15% vs. 28%; p < 0.001), while activated CD4 + CD95+ (88% vs. 74%; p = 0.002) and CD8 + HLA-DR + T cells (47% vs. 31%; p < 0.001) were increased in these patients when compared to ncCVID patients. Parental consanguinity is associated with an increased risk of developing severe clinical complications in patients with CVID. Most of these patients presented with severe T-cell abnormalities and should be considered with a diagnosis of late-onset combined immune deficiency (LOCID). Systematic investigation for parental consanguinity in patients with CVID provides useful information for specific clinical care and genetic screening.
Assuntos
Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/diagnóstico , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/genética , Consanguinidade , Fenótipo , Adolescente , Adulto , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Criança , Imunodeficiência de Variável Comum/imunologia , Feminino , França , Estudos de Associação Genética , Testes Genéticos , Genótipo , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: This study explored interactions between prenatal exposure to maternal smoking and polymorphisms in metabolic genes in the risk of childhood acute leukemia (AL). METHODS: The data were generated by the ESCALE study, which included 764 AL cases and 1,681 controls in 2003-2004. The data on maternal smoking during pregnancy were obtained by standardized telephone interview of the cases' and controls' mothers. The genotypes CYP1A1*2A/2B (rs4646903), CYP2E1*5 (rs2031920, rs3813867), NQO1*2 (rs1800566), NAT2*5 (rs1801280), and EPHX1 exon 3 (rs1051740) and exon 4 (rs2234922) were obtained using a high-throughput platform and imputation for untyped polymorphisms. The analyses were restricted to the 493 cases (433 cases of lymphoblastic (ALL) and 51 of myeloblastic (AML) leukemia) and 441 controls with at least 2 grandparents born in Europe, who were genotyped with individual call rates greater than 95%. Odds ratios were estimated by logistic regression in case-control analyses and, for gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, by case-only analyses. RESULTS: ALL and AML were not associated with either maternal smoking during pregnancy or candidate polymorphisms in CYP1A1, CYP2E1, EPHX1, and NQO1. Carrying two NAT2*5 alleles was significantly associated with ALL (OR = 1.8 [1.3-2.5]). The analyses also suggested an interaction between three genes involved in benzene metabolism CYP2E1, NQO1, and EPHX1. There was no interaction between maternal smoking and any of the polymorphisms under study. CONCLUSIONS: The ESCALE study did not evidence the interaction between CYP1A1*2A/2B and maternal smoking suggested previously. The association with NAT2*5 and the gene-gene interactions need to be replicated.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/enzimologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/enzimologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/genética , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Alelos , Benzeno/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/genética , Sistema Enzimático do Citocromo P-450/genética , Família 2 do Citocromo P450 , Epóxido Hidrolases/genética , Europa (Continente) , Éxons/genética , Feminino , Interação Gene-Ambiente , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Estudo de Associação Genômica Ampla/métodos , Genótipo , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , NAD(P)H Desidrogenase (Quinona)/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Gravidez , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/enzimologia , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/genética , Complicações Neoplásicas na Gravidez/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T) is a rare genetic disease caused by germline biallelic mutations in the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated gene (ATM) that result in partial or complete loss of ATM expression or activity. The course of the disease is characterized by neurologic manifestations, infections, and cancers. OBJECTIVE: We studied A-T progression and investigated whether manifestations were associated with the ATM genotype. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study in France of 240 patients with A-T born from 1954 to 2005 and analyzed ATM mutations in 184 patients, along with neurologic manifestations, infections, and cancers. RESULTS: Among patients with A-T, the Kaplan-Meier 20-year survival rate was 53.4%; the prognosis for these patients has not changed since 1954. Life expectancy was lower among patients with mutations in ATM that caused total loss of expression or function of the gene product (null mutations) compared with that seen in patients with hypomorphic mutations because of earlier onset of cancer (mainly hematologic malignancies). Cancer (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.5) and respiratory tract infections (hazard ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4-3.8) were independently associated with mortality. Cancer (hazard ratio, 5.8; 95% CI, 2.9-11.6) was a major risk factor for mortality among patients with null mutations, whereas respiratory tract infections (hazard ratio, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.8-9.1) were the leading cause of death among patients with hypomorphic mutations. CONCLUSION: Morbidity and mortality among patients with A-T are associated with ATM genotype. This information could improve our prognostic ability and lead to adapted therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
Ataxia Telangiectasia/genética , Ataxia Telangiectasia/mortalidade , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Ataxia Telangiectasia/epidemiologia , Ataxia Telangiectasia/fisiopatologia , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Genótipo , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Leucemia/genética , Linfoma/genética , Masculino , Morbidade , Mutação , Infecções Respiratórias/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Imatinib is the standard of care in adults with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP). Only a few studies to assess efficacy in children have been performed. We report on the results of the French prospective trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00845221) conducted in children and adolescents with newly diagnosed CML in CP. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 44 patients from age 10 months to 17 years with newly diagnosed CML in CP received daily imatinib 260 mg/m(2). Progression-free survival, responses, and tolerance were evaluated. RESULTS: With a median follow-up times of 31 months (range, 11 to 64 months), the estimated progression-free survival rate at 36 months was 98% (95% CI, 85% to 100%). A complete hematologic response was achieved in 98% of the patients. The rates of complete cytogenetic response (CCyR) and major molecular response (MMR) were 61% and 31% at 12 months, respectively. During follow-up, CCyR and MMR were achieved in 36 children (77%) and 25 children (57%), respectively. Overall, 30% of the patients discontinued imatinib, mainly because of unsatisfactory response. The most common adverse events were neutropenia and musculoskeletal events. CONCLUSION: Imatinib is effective in children with CML in CP with response rates similar to rates reported in adults. The adverse effects are acceptable, but longer follow-up studies are required to fully assess the long-term impact.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Piperazinas/uso terapêutico , Pirimidinas/uso terapêutico , Adolescente , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Benzamidas , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , França , Humanos , Mesilato de Imatinib , Lactente , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/patologia , Piperazinas/efeitos adversos , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Pirimidinas/efeitos adversos , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Análise de SobrevidaRESUMO
Femoral and lumbar bone mineral densities (BMDs) were measured in 159 adults enrolled in the Leucémies de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent program, a French prospective multicentric cohort of childhood leukemia survivors. BMDs were expressed as Z-scores, and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to construct association models with potential risk factors. Mean age at evaluation and follow-up was 23 and 14.7 years, respectively. In the whole cohort, mean femoral Z-score was -0.19 ± 0.08. Two factors were associated with lower femoral BMD transplantation (-0.49 ± 0.15 vs -0.04 ± 0.10 in the chemotherapy group; P = .006) and female sex (-0.34 ± 0.10 vs -0.03 ± 0.13; P = .03). Among patients who received a transplant, the only significant risk factor was hypogonadism (-0.88 ± 0.16 vs -0.10 ± 0.23; P = .04). A slight reduction in lumbar BMD (mean Z-score, -0.37 ± 0.08) was detected in the whole cohort without difference between the transplantation and chemotherapy groups. Among patients who received a transplant, younger age at transplantation was correlated with a low lumbar BMD (P = .03). We conclude that adults who had received only chemotherapy for childhood leukemia have a slight reduction in their lumbar BMD and a normal femoral BMD. Patients who received a transplant with gonadal deficiency have a reduced femoral BMD which might increase the fracture risk later in life.
Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Leucemia Mieloide/metabolismo , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/metabolismo , Sobreviventes , Absorciometria de Fóton , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Criança , Dexametasona/administração & dosagem , Dexametasona/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide/terapia , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras/terapia , Prednisona/administração & dosagem , Prednisona/efeitos adversos , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Monitoring of EBV DNAemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is necessary, but not sufficient, to identify patients at risk of EBV-induced post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD). Combining this with quantifying EBV-specific cellular immunity was shown to be helpful. In this study, we evaluated the value of IFNγ-Elispot assay in monitoring EBV DNAemia after HSCT. METHODS: EBV-DNA load in whole blood was monitored at least weekly using real-time PCR in 40 recipients of HSCT. Quantitative and qualitative T-cell recoveries, including EBV-specific T-cell quantification by Elispot assay, were studied 60, 100, 180 and 360 days after HSCT. RESULTS: Among the 35 evaluable patients, 14 (35%) presented EBV DNAemia, only 2/14 (14%) needing pre-emptive treatment with rituximab. The greatest risk factor for EBV DNAemia was the presence of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) (p=0.005). EBV-specific cellular immune recovery was monitored by IFNγ-Elispot assay. Using multivariate analysis, four factors were found to significantly influence IFNγ-Elispot results at defined times post-HSCT: EBV DNAemia, young age, global T-cell recovery and severe acute GVHD. In those cases where EBV DNAemia occurred and cleared spontaneously, Elispot results gave more than 1000 spot-forming cells (SFC)/10(6)PBMC. CONCLUSION: Elispot assay may be usefully combined with EBV-DNA load monitoring to determine when a patient should receive pre-emptive treatment, or when the clinician should avoid Rituximab use which severely immunocompromises patients.
Assuntos
DNA Viral/análise , ELISPOT , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/genética , Anticorpos Monoclonais Murinos/uso terapêutico , Antígenos Virais/imunologia , Células Cultivadas , Imunidade Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/imunologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/prevenção & controle , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/virologia , Monitorização Imunológica/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Rituximab , Transplante Homólogo , Carga Viral/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults surviving childhood leukemia. During the years 2007 to 2008, assessment of MS was proposed to all adults included in the Leucémie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent program, a French prospective multicentric cohort of leukemia survivors. Among 220 eligible patients, 184 (83.6%) had complete evaluation. Median age at evaluation and follow-up duration were 21.2 and 15.4 years. Overall prevalence of MS was 9.2% (95% confidence interval, 5.5-14.4). There was no association of MS with sex, age at diagnosis, leukemia subtype, steroid therapy, and central nervous system irradiation. Patients were stratified according to 4 therapeutic modalities: chemotherapy alone (n = 97), chemotherapy and central nervous system irradiation (n = 27), hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) without (n = 17) or with (n = 43) total body irradiation (TBI). MS occurred in 5.2%, 11.1%, 5.9%, and 18.6% of them, respectively. The higher risk observed in the HSCT-TBI group was significant in univariate and in multivariate analysis (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, P = .03). HSCT with TBI was associated with a higher rate of hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 4.5, P = .004), low level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR = 2.5, P = .02), and elevated fasting glucose (OR = 6.1, P = .04) So, TBI is a major risk factor for MS. Further studies are warranted to explain this feature.