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1.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 59(3)2023 Mar 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36984577

RESUMO

The main symptoms of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are fever, cough, tiredness, and loss of smell and taste. Gastrointestinal symptoms are less common. A 38-year-old female patient, previously healthy, presented with a history of hematochezia up to 8 times per day, followed by abdominal cramps, urgency, and chills for two days. She did not have any respiratory symptoms and was previously vaccinated for COVID-19. She was afebrile, with normal vital signs. Blood samples showed normal complete blood count and increased C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels (66 mg/L, 4.1 g/L, and 2302 µ/L FEU, respectively). Stool samples for stool culture, C. difficile, and viral examination came back negative. On day 3, she reported a mild cough, fever and loss of smell and taste. Nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) PCR test came back positive. On day 6, the patient still had hematochezia accompanied by abdominal cramps, but fever and respiratory symptoms withdrew. CRP, fibrinogen, and D-dimers were still elevated, as well as liver enzyme levels. Sigmoidoscopy was performed with biopsies taken from sigmoid and rectum for histology and PCR SARS-CoV-2 testing. CT angiography showed no signs of thrombosis in mesenteric veins or arteries. PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 virus from rectal biopsy sample was positive. Patient was treated with methylprednisolone iv for two days and peroral prednisone afterwards, with mesalamine, metronidazole and enoxaparin. Sigmoidoscopy was repeated after two weeks showing only mild hyperemia. At that time, the patient had normal stool, normal CRP, liver enzyme, fibrinogen, and D-dimer levels, and normocytic anemia (hemoglobin level of 103 g/L). We wanted to show that severe gastrointestinal symptoms, such as hemorrhagic colitis, can be the main presentation of COVID-19, even in young patients with no prior comorbidities. In such a case, PCR test in biopsy samples can be performed to prove SARS-CoV-2 infection of bowel mucosa.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Clostridioides difficile , Cólica , Colite , Feminino , Humanos , Adulto , COVID-19/complicações , SARS-CoV-2 , Tosse , Anosmia , Teste para COVID-19 , Fibrinogênio , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal
2.
Medicina (Kaunas) ; 58(1)2021 Dec 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35056370

RESUMO

Background and objectives: Dreaming is a commonly reported side effect of propofol anesthesia. Materials and Methods: We investigated the inci-dence and character of dreams in patients undergoing intravenous propofol anesthesia and cor-related it with an observer rating scale of facial expression on the seven-point scale from pain to smile. A total of 124 patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy were recruited in the pro-spective observational study. Bispectral index (BIS), blood pressure (BP), and pulse were moni-tored. Upon emergence from anesthesia, the patient's facial expression was rated numerically. Thereafter, patients were asked whether they had dreams and to rate their dreams as pleasant or unpleasant. The mean age of participants was 53; body mass index, 26.17; duration of procedure, 20 min; and average propofol dose, 265 mg. Results: Dreaming was reported by 43% of patients. Dreams were pleasant in all but one patient. There was a significant correlation of the observer's rating of facial expression with dreaming (r = 0.260; p = 0.004). Dreamers had higher scores of observer rating of facial expression (1 (0-2) vs. 0.5 (0-1), p = 0.006). Conclusions: BIS values were lower in the dreamers vs. non-dreamers 2 min after the endoscopy started (48 (43-62) vs. 59 (45-71), p = 0.038). Both BIS and observer ratings correlate with dreaming in patients undergoing gastrointestinal endos-copy. Trial registration number: NCT04235894.


Assuntos
Anestesia , Propofol , Sonhos , Endoscopia Gastrointestinal , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Propofol/efeitos adversos
3.
Acta Clin Croat ; 55(1): 16-22, 2016 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27333713

RESUMO

Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that converts thiopurine drugs into inactive metabolites. Over 20 variant TPMT-encoding alleles, which cause reduced enzymatic activity, have been discovered so far. Our aim was to investigate the frequencies of variant alleles, i.e. genotypes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and healthy individuals and to compare these frequencies with selected world populations. The most common variant alleles TPMT*2, TPMT*3A, TPMT*3B and TPMT*3C were analyzed with polymerase chain reaction-based assays and allele-specific polymerase chain reaction-based assays in 685 participants including 459 IBD patients and 226 healthy volunteers. Study results revealed 434/459 (94.55%) IBD patients and 213/226 (94.25%) healthy subjects to be homozygous for the wild-type allele (TPMT*1/*1). TPMT*1/*2 and TPMT *1/*3C genotypes were found in 4/459 (0.87%) and 7/459 (1.53%) IBD patients, respectively; in healthy volunteers they were not found. TPMT*1/*3A genotype was found in 14/459 (3.05%) IBD patients and 13/226 (5.75%) healthy subjects. Variant genotypes were statistically significantly more common in Crohn's disease subgroup than in ulcerative colitis subgroup. The prevalence of variant genotypes was 23/338 (6.80%) in Crohn's disease subgroup as compared with 2/121 (1.65%) in ulcerative colitis subgroup (χ2 = 4.59; p = 0.032). In conclusion, the most frequently occurring nonfunctional TPMT allele in Croatian population is TPMT*3A. The overall frequency of mutant alleles in our population is statistically nonsignificantly lower when compared with other populations of Caucasian origin. The Crohn's disease group had more mutant alleles than the ulcerative colitis group.


Assuntos
Colite Ulcerativa/genética , Doença de Crohn/genética , Metiltransferases/genética , Alelos , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Croácia , Estudos Epidemiológicos , Variação Genética , Genótipo , Homozigoto , Humanos , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
4.
Coll Antropol ; 39(1): 219-24, 2015 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26040094

RESUMO

We reported a case of a 71-year-old woman with progressive low back pain and neurologic symptoms of lower extremities, who in the background had the coexistence of spondyloarthritis (SpA) and non Hodgkin's lymphoma of the paravertebral location. This example describes a situation where SpA with minimal sacroiliac joints affection has nevertheless led to the overt axial SpA. This situation included undifferentiated or reactive SpA, as well as unusual disease context, presented with late-life disease onset, older age, female gender and no obvious hereditary predisposition. This combination of comorbid factors could allow environmental and disease-specific factors to accumulate over time and to, by modifying the primary, low-penetrant genetic background, lead to the development of lymphoma. By achieving better understanding of disease pathophysiology dynamic, we will be able to improve our capabilities to navigate biologic therapy in the future, in order to prevent the development of both, overt SpA and lymphoproliferative disease.


Assuntos
Antígeno HLA-B27/metabolismo , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Espondilartrite/diagnóstico , Idoso , Comorbidade , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Dor Lombar/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/complicações , Linfoma não Hodgkin/metabolismo , Articulação Sacroilíaca , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/complicações , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Coluna Vertebral/metabolismo , Espondilartrite/complicações , Espondilartrite/metabolismo
5.
J Theor Biol ; 363: 164-8, 2014 Dec 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25150458

RESUMO

This paper puts forward a new hypothesis to interpret the high carrier frequency of CFTR mutations in individuals of European descent. The proposed heterozygote advantage factor is related to the specific climate conditions in Europe during the last 50 ky that might have heavily compromised the respiratory function of our ancestors in Eurasia. A large part of the last 50 ky was cold, and the coldest period was the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (26.5 to 19 kya). The global climate was dry with a dust-laden atmosphere (20 to 25 times more dust than the present level). High levels of atmospheric dust started more than 40 kya and ended less than 10 kya. Secretion of airway fluid is usually related to the submucosal tissue hydration, while salt reabsorption relies on activation of CFTRs that allow ENaCs to absorb salt and water. The water loss by evaporation depends on the air humidity and flow rate. Salt accumulation in the mucus is normally prevented by reabsorption of Na(+) and Cl(-) by epithelial cells if the presence of functional CFTRs is normal. If one gene for CFTR is mutated, the number of functional CFTRs is reduced and this limits the capacity of salt reabsorption by epithelial cells. This means that evaporation makes the airway fluid more hypertonic, and osmotic forces bring more water from the interstitial space, thus leading to a new balance in mucosal fluid traffic. Increased osmolarity and volume of airway fluid can be more moveable in cases when evaporation and dust exposure is increased. If both CFTR genes are mutated, low number of functional CFTRs diminishes salt resorption of epithelial cells. Salt accumulated in the mucous fluid within respiratory ducts, as previously described. The hypertonic ductal content forces more water and some electrolytes to enter the airway fluid from the interstitial fluid, and evaporation leads to further concentration of thick immobile mucus. The proposed interpretation is that CFTR mutations have spread among our ancestors that roamed the central Eurasia after the LGM. The heterozygote individuals might have benefitted from the limited water resorption in their respiratory mucosa that allowed improved airway cleansing.


Assuntos
Adaptação Biológica/genética , Evolução Biológica , Fibrose Cística/genética , Fibrose Cística/história , Fibrose Cística/fisiopatologia , Heterozigoto , Respiração/genética , Clima , Poeira , História Antiga , Humanos , Modelos Biológicos , População Branca/genética
6.
Acta Med Croatica ; 67(2): 191-4, 2013 Apr.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24471302

RESUMO

The treatment of fistulating Crohn's disease should include a combined medical and surgical approach and should be defined on an individual basis. Asymptomatic enteroenteric fistulas usually require no treatment, but internal fistulas (gastrocolic, duodenocolic, enterovesical) that cause severe or persistent symptoms require surgical intervention. While low asymptomatic anal-introital fistula may not need surgical treatment, in case of a symptomatic enterovaginal fistula surgery is usually required. There are no controlled-randomized trials to assess the effect of medical treatment for non-perianal fistulating Crohn's disease. The incidence of perianal fistulae varies according to the location of the disease, with its occurrence varying between 21-23%. The diagnostic approach should include an examination under anesthesia, endoscopy, and either MRI or EUS before the treatment begins. Asymptomatic simple perianal fistulas require no treatment. The presence of a perianal abscess should be ascertained and if present should be drained urgently. In case of a complex perianal disease, seton placement should also be recommended. Antibiotics (metronidazole and ciprofloxacine) are useful for treating complex perianal disease, however, when discontinued, most of the fistulas relapse. The current consensus suggests that azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine is the first line medical therapy for complex perianal disease, which is always given in combination with surgical therapy (seton, fistulotomy/fistulectomy). Anti TNF-alpha agents (infliximab and adalimumab) should be used as a second choice medical treatment. In refractory and extensive complex perianal disease a diverting stoma or proctectomy should be performed.


Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico , Doença de Crohn/terapia , Fístula Retal/diagnóstico , Fístula Retal/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Drenagem/métodos , Endossonografia , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Reto/cirurgia , Cicatrização
7.
Lijec Vjesn ; 132(1-2): 1-7, 2010.
Artigo em Servo-Croata (Latino) | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20359151

RESUMO

Nutrition has an important role in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), especially in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). This role includes the prevention and correction of malnutrition, the prevention of osteoporosis and the promotion of optimal growth and development in children. In active Crohn's disease, nutritional therapy (in the form of enteral feeding) is an effective primary therapy for pediatric patients. Studies have shown that there is no difference in the efficacy of elemental, oligomeric and polymeric enteral formulas. Therefore, the use of polymeric formula is recommended because of higher palatability, better acceptance by patients, lower rate of complications and lower cost when compared with other enteral formulas. Today we have knowledge that some nutrients which are added to modified special enteral formulas have almost pharmacological terapeutic potential in the management of inflammatory bowel disease. Novel nutritional therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease, such as transforming growth factor-beta-enriched (TGF-beta2) enteral feeding, showed beneficial effects in several clinical studies. Croatian guidelines for enteral nutrition in Crohn's disease have been developed by interdisciplinary expert group of Croatian clinicians involved with inflammatory bowel disease. The guidelines are based on evidence from relevant medical literature and clinical experience of working group.


Assuntos
Doença de Crohn/terapia , Nutrição Enteral , Croácia , Doença de Crohn/complicações , Humanos , Desnutrição/etiologia , Desnutrição/terapia , Guias de Prática Clínica como Assunto
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