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B-cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) is a transcriptional repressor and oncogenic driver of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Here, we report the optimization of our previously reported tricyclic quinolinone series for the inhibition of BCL6. We sought to improve the cellular potency and in vivo exposure of the non-degrading isomer, CCT373567, of our recently published degrader, CCT373566. The major limitation of our inhibitors was their high topological polar surface areas (TPSA), leading to increased efflux ratios. Reducing the molecular weight allowed us to remove polarity and decrease TPSA without considerably reducing solubility. Careful optimization of these properties, as guided by pharmacokinetic studies, led to the discovery of CCT374705, a potent inhibitor of BCL6 with a good in vivo profile. Modest in vivo efficacy was achieved in a lymphoma xenograft mouse model after oral dosing.
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Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B , Quinolonas , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Linfoma Difuso de Grandes Células B/patologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/química , Fatores de TranscriçãoRESUMO
The transcriptional repressor BCL6 is an oncogenic driver found to be deregulated in lymphoid malignancies. Herein, we report the optimization of our previously reported benzimidazolone molecular glue-type degrader CCT369260 to CCT373566, a highly potent probe suitable for sustained depletion of BCL6 in vivo. We observed a sharp degradation SAR, where subtle structural changes conveyed the ability to induce degradation of BCL6. CCT373566 showed modest in vivo efficacy in a lymphoma xenograft mouse model following oral dosing.
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Carcinogênese , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/metabolismoRESUMO
Breast tumour kinase (Brk/PTK6) is overexpressed in up to 86% of breast cancers and is associated with poorer patient outcomes. It is considered a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer, even though the full spectrum of its kinase activity is not known. This study investigated the role of the kinase domain in promoting tumour growth and its potential in sensitising triple negative breast cancer cells to standard of care chemotherapy. Triple negative human xenograft models revealed that both kinase-inactive and wild-type Brk promoted xenograft growth. Suppression of Brk activity in cells subsequently co-treated with the chemotherapy agents doxorubicin or paclitaxel resulted in an increased cell sensitivity to these agents. In triple negative breast cancer cell lines, the inhibition of Brk kinase activity augmented the effects of doxorubicin or paclitaxel. High expression of the alternatively spliced isoform, ALT-PTK6, resulted in improved patient outcomes. Our study is the first to show a role for kinase-inactive Brk in human breast tumour xenograft growth; therefore, it is unlikely that kinase inhibition of Brk, in isolation, would halt tumour growth in vivo. Breast cancer cell responses to chemotherapy in vitro were kinase-dependent, indicating that treatment with kinase inhibitors could be a fruitful avenue for combinatorial treatment. Of particular prognostic value is the ratio of ALT-PTK6:Brk expression in predicating patient outcomes.
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Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Proteínas de Neoplasias , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
Rhabdomyosarcomas are aggressive pediatric soft-tissue sarcomas and include high-risk PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-gene-positive cases. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is known to contribute to rhabdomyosarcoma progression; here, we sought to investigate the involvement and potential for therapeutic targeting of other FGFRs in this disease. Cell-based screening of FGFR inhibitors with potential for clinical repurposing (NVP-BGJ398, nintedanib, dovitinib, and ponatinib) revealed greater sensitivity of fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcoma cell lines and was shown to be correlated with high expression of FGFR2 and its specific ligand, FGF7. Furthermore, patient samples exhibit higher mRNA levels of FGFR2 and FGF7 in fusion-gene-positive versus fusion-gene-negative rhabdomyosarcomas. Sustained intracellular mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and FGF7 secretion into culture media during serum starvation of PAX3-FOXO1 rhabdomyosarcoma cells together with decreased cell viability after genetic silencing of FGFR2 or FGF7 was in keeping with a novel FGF7-FGFR2 autocrine loop. FGFR inhibition with NVP-BGJ398 reduced viability and was synergistic with SN38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. In vivo, NVP-BGJ398 abrogated xenograft growth and warrants further investigation in combination with irinotecan as a therapeutic strategy for fusion-gene-positive rhabdomyosarcomas.
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Comunicação Autócrina , Rabdomiossarcoma , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Criança , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Fator 7 de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Humanos , Irinotecano , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Receptor Tipo 2 de Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Rabdomiossarcoma/tratamento farmacológico , Rabdomiossarcoma/genéticaRESUMO
The undruggable nature of oncogenic Myc transcription factors poses a therapeutic challenge in neuroblastoma, a pediatric cancer in which MYCN amplification is strongly associated with unfavorable outcome. Here, we show that CYC065 (fadraciclib), a clinical inhibitor of CDK9 and CDK2, selectively targeted MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma via multiple mechanisms. CDK9 - a component of the transcription elongation complex P-TEFb - bound to the MYCN-amplicon superenhancer, and its inhibition resulted in selective loss of nascent MYCN transcription. MYCN loss led to growth arrest, sensitizing cells for apoptosis following CDK2 inhibition. In MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, MYCN invaded active enhancers, driving a transcriptionally encoded adrenergic gene expression program that was selectively reversed by CYC065. MYCN overexpression in mesenchymal neuroblastoma was sufficient to induce adrenergic identity and sensitize cells to CYC065. CYC065, used together with temozolomide, a reference therapy for relapsed neuroblastoma, caused long-term suppression of neuroblastoma growth in vivo, highlighting the clinical potential of CDK9/2 inhibition in the treatment of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma.
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Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica N-Myc/biossíntese , Neuroblastoma/tratamento farmacológico , Temozolomida/farmacologia , Adenosina/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Quinase 2 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Elementos Facilitadores Genéticos , Humanos , Proteína Proto-Oncogênica N-Myc/genética , Neuroblastoma/genética , Neuroblastoma/metabolismo , Neuroblastoma/patologia , Fator B de Elongação Transcricional Positiva/genética , Fator B de Elongação Transcricional Positiva/metabolismo , Transcrição Gênica/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Ovarian cancer remains a significant challenge in women worldwide. Tumors of the high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) type represent the most common form of the disease. Development of new therapies for HGSC has been hampered by a paucity of preclinical models in which new drugs could be tested for target engagement and anti-tumor efficacy. Here, we systematically assessed in vivo growth of ovarian cancer cells, including six validated HGSC cell lines, in highly immunocompromised NSG mice by varying the injection site. We found that, with the exception of OVCAR3, HGSC cell lines COV318, COV362, KURAMOCHI, OVCAR4, and OVSAHO, generally demonstrate poor growth as either subcutaneous or intraperitoneal xenografts. Intrabursal injections performed with KURAMOCHI and COV362 cells did not improve tumor growth in vivo. Additional analysis revealed that OVSAHO and COV362 express moderate levels of estrogen receptor (ERα), which translated into improved growth of xenografts in the presence of 17ß-Estradiol. Surprisingly, we also found that the growth of the widely used non-HGSC ovarian cell line SKOV3 could be significantly improved by estrogen supplementation. By describing successful establishment of estrogen-sensitive HGSC xenograft models, OVSAHO and COV362, this work will enable testing of novel therapies for this aggressive form of ovarian cancer.
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Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/metabolismo , Estradiol/metabolismo , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Neoplasias Experimentais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ovarianas/metabolismo , Animais , Cistadenocarcinoma Seroso/patologia , Feminino , Xenoenxertos , Humanos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Transplante de Neoplasias , Neoplasias Experimentais/patologia , Neoplasias Ovarianas/patologiaRESUMO
Internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most common somatic mutations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML); it causes constitutive activation of FLT3 kinase and is associated with high relapse rates and poor survival. Small-molecule inhibition of FLT3 represents an attractive therapeutic strategy for this subtype of AML, although resistance from secondary FLT3 tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD) mutations is an emerging clinical problem. CCT241736 is an orally bioavailable, selective, and potent dual inhibitor of FLT3 and Aurora kinases. FLT3-ITD+ cells with secondary FLT3-TKD mutations have high in vitro relative resistance to the FLT3 inhibitors quizartinib and sorafenib, but not to CCT241736. The mechanism of action of CCT241736 results in significant in vivo efficacy, with inhibition of tumor growth observed in efficacy studies in FLT3-ITD and FLT3-ITD-TKD human tumor xenograft models. The efficacy of CCT241736 was also confirmed in primary samples from AML patients, including those with quizartinib-resistant disease, which induces apoptosis through inhibition of both FLT3 and Aurora kinases. The unique combination of CCT241736 properties based on robust potency, dual selectivity, and significant in vivo activity indicate that CCT241736 is a bona fide clinical drug candidate for FLT3-ITD and TKD AML patients with resistance to current drugs.
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Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Compostos de Fenilureia , Aurora Quinases , Benzotiazóis , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Compostos de Fenilureia/farmacologia , Compostos de Fenilureia/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genéticaRESUMO
Deregulation of the transcriptional repressor BCL6 enables tumorigenesis of germinal center B-cells, and hence BCL6 has been proposed as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Herein we report the discovery of a series of benzimidazolone inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between BCL6 and its co-repressors. A subset of these inhibitors were found to cause rapid degradation of BCL6, and optimization of pharmacokinetic properties led to the discovery of 5-((5-chloro-2-((3R,5S)-4,4-difluoro-3,5-dimethylpiperidin-1-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl)amino)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-one (CCT369260), which reduces BCL6 levels in a lymphoma xenograft mouse model following oral dosing.
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Benzimidazóis/administração & dosagem , Benzimidazóis/química , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Descoberta de Drogas/métodos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-6/metabolismo , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Camundongos SCID , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Estrutura Terciária de Proteína , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Acoustic cluster therapy (ACT) comprises co-administration of a formulation containing microbubble/microdroplet clusters (PS101), together with a regular medicinal drug (e.g., a chemotherapeutic) and local ultrasound (US) insonation of the targeted pathological tissue (e.g., the tumor). PS101 is confined to the vascular compartment and, when the clusters are exposed to regular diagnostic imaging US fields, the microdroplets undergo a phase-shift to produce bubbles with a median diameter of 22 µm when unconstrained by the capillary wall. In vivo these bubbles transiently lodge in the tumor's microvasculature. Low frequency ultrasound (300 kHz) at a low mechanical index (MI = 0.15) is then applied to drive oscillations of the deposited ACT bubbles to induce a range of biomechanical effects that locally enhance extravasation, distribution, and uptake of the co-administered drug, significantly increasing its therapeutic efficacy. METHODS: In this study we investigated the therapeutic efficacy of ACT with liposomal doxorubicin for the treatment of triple negative breast cancer using orthotopic human tumor xenografts (MDA-MB-231-H.luc) in athymic mice (ICR-NCr-Foxn1nu). Doxil® (6 mg/kg, i.v.) was administered at days 0 and 21, each time immediately followed by three sequential ACT (20 ml/kg PS101) treatment procedures (n = 7-10). B-mode and nonlinear ultrasound images acquired during the activation phase were correlated to the therapeutic efficacy. RESULTS: Results show that combination with ACT induces a strong increase in the therapeutic efficacy of Doxil®, with 63% of animals in complete, stable remission at end of study, vs. 10% for Doxil® alone (p < 0.02). A significant positive correlation (p < 0.004) was found between B-mode contrast enhancement during ACT activation and therapy response. These observations indicate that ACT may also be used as a theranostic agent and that ultrasound contrast enhancement during or before ACT treatment may be employed as a biomarker of therapeutic response during clinical use.
RESUMO
Introduction: Acoustic Cluster Therapy (ACT) comprises coadministration of a formulation containing microbubble-microdroplet clusters (PS101) together with a regular medicinal drug and local ultrasound (US) insonation of the targeted pathological tissue. PS101 is confined to the vascular compartment and when the clusters are exposed to regular diagnostic imaging US fields, the microdroplets undergo a phase shift to produce bubbles with a median diameter of 22 µm. Low frequency, low mechanical index US is then applied to drive oscillations of the deposited ACT bubbles to induce biomechanical effects that locally enhance extravasation, distribution, and uptake of the coadministered drug, significantly increasing its therapeutic efficacy. Methods: The therapeutic efficacy of ACT with irinotecan (60 mg/kg i.p.) was investigated using three treatment sessions given on day 0, 7, and 14 on subcutaneous human colorectal adenocarcinoma xenografts in mice. Treatment was performed with three back-to-back PS101+US administrations per session with PS101 doses ranging from 0.40-2.00 ml PS101/kg body weight (n = 8-15). To induce the phase shift, 45 s of US at 8 MHz at an MI of 0.30 was applied using a diagnostic US system; low frequency exposure consisted of 1 or 5 min at 500 kHz with an MI of 0.20. Results: ACT with irinotecan induced a strong, dose dependent increase in the therapeutic effect (R2 = 0.95). When compared to irinotecan alone, at the highest dose investigated, combination treatment induced a reduction in average normalized tumour volume from 14.6 (irinotecan), to 5.4 (ACT with irinotecan, p = 0.002) on day 27. Median survival increased from 34 days (irinotecan) to 54 (ACT with irinotecan, p = 0.002). Additionally, ACT with irinotecan induced an increase in the fraction of complete responders; from 7% to 26%. There was no significant difference in the therapeutic efficacy whether the low frequency US lasted 1 or 5 min. Furthermore, there was no significant difference between the enhancement observed in the efficacy of ACT with irinotecan when PS101+US was administered before or after irinotecan. An increase in early dropouts was observed at higher PS101 doses. Both mean tumour volume (on day 27) and median survival indicate that the PS101 dose response was linear in the range investigated.
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A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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Despite showing clinical activity in BRAF-mutant melanoma, the MEK inhibitor (MEKi) trametinib has failed to show clinical benefit in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer. To identify mechanisms of resistance to MEKi, we employed a pharmacogenomic analysis of MEKi-sensitive versus MEKi-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines. Strikingly, interferon- and inflammatory-related gene sets were enriched in cell lines exhibiting intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibition. The bromodomain inhibitor JQ1 suppressed interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression and in combination with MEK inhibitors displayed synergistic effects and induced apoptosis in MEKi-resistant colorectal cancer cell lines. ISG expression was confirmed in patient-derived organoid models, which displayed resistance to trametinib and were resensitized by JQ1 co-treatment. In in vivo models of colorectal cancer, combination treatment significantly suppressed tumor growth. Our findings provide a novel explanation for the limited response to MEK inhibitors in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer, known for its inflammatory nature. Moreover, the high expression of ISGs was associated with significantly reduced survival of colorectal cancer patients. Excitingly, we have identified novel therapeutic opportunities to overcome intrinsic and acquired resistance to MEK inhibition in colorectal cancer.
Assuntos
Azepinas/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Colorretais/tratamento farmacológico , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efeitos dos fármacos , Interferons/metabolismo , Piridonas/administração & dosagem , Pirimidinonas/administração & dosagem , Triazóis/administração & dosagem , Animais , Azepinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Colorretais/genética , Neoplasias Colorretais/metabolismo , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Camundongos , Mutação , Organoides/efeitos dos fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas p21(ras)/genética , Piridonas/farmacologia , Pirimidinonas/farmacologia , Triazóis/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) occupies a central role in mitosis and is one of the main components of the spindle assembly checkpoint. The MPS1 kinase is an attractive cancer target, and herein, we report the discovery of the clinical candidate BOS172722. The starting point for our work was a series of pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidine inhibitors that demonstrated excellent potency and kinase selectivity but suffered from rapid turnover in human liver microsomes (HLM). Optimizing HLM stability proved challenging since it was not possible to identify a consistent site of metabolism and lowering lipophilicity proved unsuccessful. Key to overcoming this problem was the finding that introduction of a methyl group at the 6-position of the pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidine core significantly improved HLM stability. Met ID studies suggested that the methyl group suppressed metabolism at the distant aniline portion of the molecule, likely by blocking the preferred pharmacophore through which P450 recognized the compound. This work ultimately led to the discovery of BOS172722 as a Phase 1 clinical candidate.
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Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Descoberta de Drogas , Microssomos Hepáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Pirimidinas/química , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Triazóis/química , Triazóis/farmacologia , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Ensaios Clínicos Fase I como Assunto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metilação , Camundongos , Microssomos Hepáticos/efeitos dos fármacos , Modelos Moleculares , Estrutura Molecular , Conformação Proteica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacocinética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/metabolismo , Pirimidinas/farmacocinética , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Distribuição Tecidual , Triazóis/farmacocinéticaRESUMO
Background: Overexpression of EGFR is a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients with HNSCC who respond to EGFR-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) eventually develop acquired resistance. Strategies to identify HNSCC patients likely to benefit from EGFR-targeted therapies, together with biomarkers of treatment response, would have clinical value. Methods: Functional MRI and 18F-FDG PET were used to visualize and quantify imaging biomarkers associated with drug response within size-matched EGFR TKI-resistant CAL 27 (CALR) and sensitive (CALS) HNSCC xenografts in vivo, and pathological correlates sought. Results: Intrinsic susceptibility, oxygen-enhanced and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI revealed significantly slower baseline R2∗ , lower hyperoxia-induced ΔR2∗ and volume transfer constant Ktrans in the CALR tumors which were associated with significantly lower Hoechst 33342 uptake and greater pimonidazole-adduct formation. There was no difference in oxygen-induced ΔR1 or water diffusivity between the CALR and CALS xenografts. PET revealed significantly higher relative uptake of 18F-FDG in the CALR cohort, which was associated with significantly greater Glut-1 expression. Conclusions: CALR xenografts established from HNSCC cells resistant to EGFR TKIs are more hypoxic, poorly perfused and glycolytic than sensitive CALS tumors. MRI combined with PET can be used to non-invasively assess HNSCC response/resistance to EGFR inhibition.
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Optoacoustic imaging (OAI) can detect haemoglobin and assess its oxygenation. However, the lack of a haemoglobin signal need not indicate a lack of perfusion. This study uses a novel method to assist the co-registration of optoacoustic images with dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound (DCE-US) images to demonstrate, in preclinical tumour models, the value of combining haemoglobin imaging with a perfusion imaging method, showing that a lack of a haemoglobin signal does not necessarily indicate an absence of perfusion. DCE-US was chosen for this particular experiment because US is extremely sensitive to microbubble contrast agents and because microbubbles, like red blood cells but unlike currently available optical contrast agents, do not extravasate. Significant spatial correlations were revealed between the DCE-US properties and tumour blood-oxygen saturation and haemoglobin, as estimated using OAI. It is speculated that DCE-US properties could be applied as surrogate biomarkers for hypoxia when planning clinical radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
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Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is considered one of the most important factors in tumor angiogenesis, and consequently, a number of therapeutics have been developed to inhibit VEGF signaling. Therapeutic strategies to target brain malignancies, both primary brain tumors, particularly in pediatric patients, and metastases, are lacking, but targeting angiogenesis may be a promising approach. Multiparametric MRI was used to investigate the response of orthotopic SF188luc pediatric glioblastoma xenografts to small molecule pan-VEGFR inhibitor cediranib and the effects of both cediranib and cross-reactive human/mouse anti-VEGF-A antibody B20-4.1.1 in intracranial MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 breast cancer xenografts over 48 hours. All therapeutic regimens resulted in significant tumor growth delay. In cediranib-treated SF188luc tumors, this was associated with lower Ktrans (compound biomarker of perfusion and vascular permeability) than in vehicle-treated controls. Cediranib also induced significant reductions in both Ktrans and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 tumors associated with decreased histologically assessed perfusion. B20-4.1.1 treatment resulted in decreased Ktrans, but in the absence of a change in perfusion; a non-significant reduction in vascular permeability, assessed by Evans blue extravasation, was observed in treated tumors. The imaging responses of intracranial MDA-MB-231 LM2-4 tumors to VEGF/VEGFR pathway inhibitors with differing mechanisms of action are subtly different. We show that VEGF pathway blockade resulted in tumor growth retardation and inhibition of tumor vasculature in preclinical models of pediatric glioblastoma and breast cancer brain metastases, suggesting that multiparametric MRI can provide a powerful adjunct to accelerate the development of antiangiogenic therapies for use in these patient populations.
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Inibidores da Angiogênese/farmacologia , Neoplasias Encefálicas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Encefálicas/metabolismo , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Animais , Neoplasias Encefálicas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Imagem de Difusão por Ressonância Magnética , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Humanos , Aumento da Imagem , Medições Luminescentes/métodos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Camundongos , Imagem Molecular , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico , Neovascularização Patológica/diagnóstico por imagem , Neovascularização Patológica/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
MAPK pathway activation is frequently observed in human malignancies, including melanoma, and is associated with sensitivity to MEK inhibition and changes in cellular metabolism. Using quantitative mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, we identified in preclinical models 21 plasma metabolites including amino acids, propionylcarnitine, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins that were significantly altered in two B-RAF-mutant melanoma xenografts and that were reversed following a single dose of the potent and selective MEK inhibitor RO4987655. Treatment of non-tumor-bearing animals and mice bearing the PTEN-null U87MG human glioblastoma xenograft elicited plasma changes only in amino acids and propionylcarnitine. In patients with advanced melanoma treated with RO4987655, on-treatment changes of amino acids were observed in patients with disease progression and not in responders. In contrast, changes in phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins were observed in responders. Furthermore, pretreatment levels of seven lipids identified in the preclinical screen were statistically significantly able to predict objective responses to RO4987655. The RO4987655 treatment-related changes were greater than baseline physiological variability in nontreated individuals. This study provides evidence of a translational exo-metabolomic plasma readout predictive of clinical efficacy together with pharmacodynamic utility following treatment with a signal transduction inhibitor. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(10); 2315-23. ©2017 AACR.
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Benzamidas/administração & dosagem , Biomarcadores Tumorais/sangue , Melanoma/tratamento farmacológico , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/sangue , Oxazinas/administração & dosagem , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases/efeitos dos fármacos , Melanoma/sangue , Melanoma/patologia , Camundongos , Quinases de Proteína Quinase Ativadas por Mitógeno/antagonistas & inibidores , Mutação , Metástase Neoplásica , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The main role of the cell cycle is to enable error-free DNA replication, chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. One of the best characterised checkpoint pathways is the spindle assembly checkpoint, which prevents anaphase onset until the appropriate attachment and tension across kinetochores is achieved. MPS1 kinase activity is essential for the activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and has been shown to be deregulated in human tumours with chromosomal instability and aneuploidy. Therefore, MPS1 inhibition represents an attractive strategy to target cancers. METHODS: To evaluate CCT271850 cellular potency, two specific antibodies that recognise the activation sites of MPS1 were used and its antiproliferative activity was determined in 91 human cancer cell lines. DLD1 cells with induced GFP-MPS1 and HCT116 cells were used in in vivo studies to directly measure MPS1 inhibition and efficacy of CCT271850 treatment. RESULTS: CCT271850 selectively and potently inhibits MPS1 kinase activity in biochemical and cellular assays and in in vivo models. Mechanistically, tumour cells treated with CCT271850 acquire aberrant numbers of chromosomes and the majority of cells divide their chromosomes without proper alignment because of abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, leading to cell death. We demonstrated a moderate level of efficacy of CCT271850 as a single agent in a human colorectal carcinoma xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS: CCT271850 is a potent, selective and orally bioavailable MPS1 kinase inhibitor. On the basis of in vivo pharmacodynamic vs efficacy relationships, we predict that more than 80% inhibition of MPS1 activity for at least 24 h is required to achieve tumour stasis or regression by CCT271850.
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Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/genética , Compostos Heterocíclicos de 4 ou mais Anéis/administração & dosagem , Pontos de Checagem da Fase M do Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/administração & dosagem , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/genética , Animais , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Células HCT116 , Humanos , Camundongos , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patologia , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas Tirosina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de XenoenxertoRESUMO
Mediator-associated kinases CDK8/19 are context-dependent drivers or suppressors of tumorigenesis. Their inhibition is predicted to have pleiotropic effects, but it is unclear whether this will impact on the clinical utility of CDK8/19 inhibitors. We discovered two series of potent chemical probes with high selectivity for CDK8/19. Despite pharmacodynamic evidence for robust on-target activity, the compounds exhibited modest, though significant, efficacy against human tumor lines and patient-derived xenografts. Altered gene expression was consistent with CDK8/19 inhibition, including profiles associated with super-enhancers, immune and inflammatory responses and stem cell function. In a mouse model expressing oncogenic beta-catenin, treatment shifted cells within hyperplastic intestinal crypts from a stem cell to a transit amplifying phenotype. In two species, neither probe was tolerated at therapeutically-relevant exposures. The complex nature of the toxicity observed with two structurally-differentiated chemical series is consistent with on-target effects posing significant challenges to the clinical development of CDK8/19 inhibitors.