Evaluation of 28-day repeated doses oral toxicity of essential oil from Psidium glaziovianum Kiaersk leaves on various biological parameters in Swiss mice.

Only a small number of the many medicinally important species in the genus Psidium L. have had their safety assessed. Psidium glaziovianum, a plant native to Brazil, is reported to exert antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects; however, there are no apparent reports of long-term safety following administering of repeated doses. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 28-day oral of treatment at 250, 500 or 1,000 mg/kg Psidium glaziovianum essential oil (PgEO) on behavioral and physiological parameters in male and female Swiss mice. First, PgEO was chemically characterized by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The following parameters were examined: motor activity, body temperature, blood glucose, urine, hematology, biochemistry, histology, and oxidative stress. Characterization of PgEO revealed 48 components which were dominated by sesquiterpenes 1,8-cineol (24.29%), α-pinene (19.73%) and ß-pinene (17.31%). Data showed that PgEO treatment in mice increased activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) without markedly affecting body weight, hematological or biochemical parameters, as well as water or food consumption. Administration of PgEO in repeated daily dosages over 28 days did not significantly alter exploratory or locomotor activities. Based upon our findings, PgEO administration daily for 28 days, exhibited low toxicity and absence of effects on the nervous system. Data demonstrated that PgEO produced hypoglycemic and antioxidant actions which need to be considered in safety assessment.

Chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in mice of the essential oil of Psidium cattleyanum Sabine leaves.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: One of the native species of the genus most often mentioned by traditional people is Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, which is used mostly to treat disorders of the respiratory, genitourinary, and digestive systems. These symptoms are mainly treated by the decoction of the leaves. Additionally, there are gaps in the in vivo and toxicity investigations of this species. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study was evaluate antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil from P. cattleyanum leaves in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to examine the essential oil of P. cattleyanum. The acute toxicity test was then done with a 2000 mg/kg dosage. The oil at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg orally, as well as the reference medications Morphine 10.0 mg/kg IP and/or Indomethacin 20.0 mg/kg IP, were tested using nociception (abdominal writhing, formalin, and tail immersion) and inflammatory models (paw edema and peritonitis). RESULTS: The phytochemical assay showed a high concentration of ß-caryophyllene (46.68%) and α-caryophyllene (10.81%). In the in vivo assays, P. cattleyanum essential oil proved to be an important antinociceptive agent, reaching 76.96% inhibition of abdominal writhing with acetic acid and 67.12% in the formalin assay. An increase in latency time in the tail test was also reported. In the test with carrageenan, the oil showed significant inhibition compared to the control. A decrease in the migration of leukocytes was also reported in the group treated with P. cattleyanum, reaching 60.49% at the dose of 200 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The essential oil from the leaves of P. cattleyanum has anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action and has potential for application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.