Effectiveness of ozonized saline solution in the treatment of Proteus spp. bacterial cystitis.

Bacterial cystitis is a common clinical problem among cats and dogs and is one of the main reasons for the administration of antimicrobials. This can cause serious damage to public and animal health, as this practice facilitates the selection of bacteria that are multidrug-resistant to antibiotics. In this context, it is urgent to understand and validate therapeutic modalities that complement antimicrobial treatment in cystitis cases. Ozone therapy has been proposed by scientists owing to the various mechanisms of action in a range of pathologies, both in human and animal medicine. This paper describes the bactericidal action of two different protocols of bladder irrigation with ozonized saline solution (59 µg/mL) in a paraplegic canine with recurrent bacterial cystitis caused by Proteus spp. In the first protocol, the bladder instillations were applied once a day for three consecutive days while in the second, successive lavages were performed throughout the day until a significant reduction in the presence of bacteria in the urine sediment. In this study, we were able to demonstrate that repeated bladder instillation within 24 hours was the most effective treatment for Proteus compared to a single instillation on successive days.

Publicações científicas ampliadas uma revisão integrativa / Extended scientific publications: an integrative review / Publicaciones científicas extendidas: una revisión integradora

Objetivo: investigar o estado da arte das publicações científicas ampliadas voltadas para a dinamização da ciência. Método: pesquisa qualitativa de cunho integrativo nas seguintes bases de dados Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts e Scopus via Portal Periódicos Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Base de Dados Referencial de Artigos de Periódicos em Ciência da Informação e Scientific Eletronic Library Online no período de junho de 2022. Resultados: onze artigos divididos em duas categorias: caracterização das publicações ampliadas e infraestrutura de suporte para as publicações ampliadas. Conclusão: apesar de multivariadas, as publicações ampliadas possuem características peculiares que as tornam objetos digitais compostos e dinâmicos e com melhor experiência para o usuário. Os artigos apontam que não há infraestrutura de suporte nas plataformas de periódicos e quando encontrado, se apresenta simples e com poucos recursos.

Objectives: to investigate the state of the art of expanded scientific publications aimed at boosting science. Method: qualitative research of an integrative nature in the following databases: Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts and Scopus via Portal Periodicals Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Reference Database of Journal Articles in Science of Information and Scientific Electronic Library Online in the period of June 2022. Results: eleven articles divided into two categories: characterization of expanded publications and support infrastructure for expanded publications. Conclusion: Despite being multivariate, expanded publications have peculiar characteristics that make them composite and dynamic digital objects with a better user experience. The articles point out that there is no support infrastructure on journal platforms and when found, it is simple and with few resources.

Objetivos:investigar el estado del arte de las publicaciones científicas ampliadas destinadas al impulso de la ciência. Método: investigación cualitativa de carácter integrador em las siguients bases de datos: Web of Science, Library, Information Science and Technology Abstracts y Scopus vía Portal Periodicals Capes, Dimensions, PLOS ONE, Reference Database of Journal Articles in Science of Information y Scientific Electronic Library Online en el período de junio de 2022. Resultados:once artículos divididos em dos ctegorías: caracterización de publicaciones expandidas e infraestructura de soporte para publicaciones expandidas. Conclusión: a pesar de ser multivariadas, las publicaciones expandidas tienen características peculiares que las convierten em objetos digitales compuestos y dinâmicos com uma mejor ecperiencia de usuário. Los artículos señalan que no existe uma infraestructura de apovo em las plataformas de revistas y cuando se encuentra es sencilla y com pocos recursos.

Amikacin prevents platelet aggregation in feline venous blood samples.

INTRODUCTION: Physiologically, feline platelets are more reactive and prone to aggregation, which interferes with platelet counts using automated counters and manual methods. The use of aminoglycoside amikacin in association with EDTA has proven to be efficient in preventing platelet aggregates in cases of pseudo thrombocytopenia (PTP) in people. OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the efficacy of amikacin in preventing platelet aggregation in EDTA-containing feline blood samples and investigated the possible effects on hematologic measurands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples (1.0 mL) collected from 100 healthy cats were stored in two EDTA tubes: 0.5 mL in a microtube containing 10 µL of 250 mg/mL amikacin (EDTA-AMK group) and 0.5 mL in a microtube containing only K2 EDTA 10% (EDTA group). A CBC was executed with an automated impedance blood analyzer, and a microscopic examination of the blood smears was performed. RESULTS: Platelet clumps were observed in 56% of samples from the EDTA group and 5% of samples from the EDTA-AMK group. Platelet counts (PLT), plateletcrit (PCT), and WBC counts were significantly higher (P < .001) in the EDTA-AMK group compared withi the EDTA group. CONCLUSIONS: Amikacin prevents platelet aggregation in feline venous blood samples and does not cause clinically relevant changes in other hematologic measurands. To our knowledge, this is the first report showing the use of amikacin in preventing platelet aggregation in feline blood samples. Based on this study, amikacin could be added to EDTA collection tubes for complete blood counts in cats.

Impacts of dose and length of exposure to boldenone and stanazolol on enzymatic antioxidant systems, myeloperoxidase and NAGase activities, and glycogen and lactate levels in rat liver.

We investigated the adverse effects of the anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) boldenone (BOL) and stanazolol (ST) on the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the rat liver. Male Wistar rats were divided in three protocols (P): PI, 5 mg/kg BOL or ST once a week for 4 weeks; PII, 2.5 mg/kg BOL or ST once a week for 8 weeks; PIII, 1.25 mg/kg BOL or ST once a week for 12 weeks. AAS were administered intramuscularly (0.2 ml, olive oil vehicle) once a week in all protocols. Activities of the enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), were investigated. We assessed the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), glycogen and lactate; and enzyme markers of neutrophils (myeloperoxidase, MPO) and macrophages (NAGase). PI and PII altered the SOD and CAT activities and increased the H2O2 content. PI led to increases in the MPO and NAGase activities. In contrast, changes in GPx, GST and, GR were observed under PII and, to a greater extend, under PIII. Following PIII, GPx, GR, and GST exhibited reduced activities. All protocols altered the glycogen and lactate content. The use of high doses of AAS for a short duration first alters SOD/CAT activity. In contrast, at lower doses of AAS for long periods is associated with changes in the glutathione system. Protocols with high doses of AAS for a short duration exert the most deleterious effects on redox status, markers of cellular infiltration, and the metabolic functioning of hepatic tissues.

Segurança do paciente: interações medicamentosas em pacientes adultos internados / Seguridad del paciente: interacciones medicamentosas en pacientes adultos hospitalizados / Patient safety: drug interactions in adulted patients

RESUMO Objetivo: investigar na literatura evidências sobre interações advindas de prescrições de medicamentos de pacientes adultos internados. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada por meio de seis etapas. A coleta de dados ocorreu em julho de 2020, nas bases de dados da BDENF, LILACS via BVS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science via Portal Periódicos Capes e SciELO, com os descritores drug interactions, drug prescriptions e patient safety. Selecionaram-se 18 produções no recorte temporal de 2008 a 2020. Resultados: dos artigos selecionados, dez eram estudos nacionais e oito internacionais. As unidades de terapia intensiva e emergência foram os cenários mais investigados. Os resultados foram categorizados em três eixos temáticos: prescrições e interações medicamentosas; aprazamento e interações medicamentosas; intervenções e interações medicamentosas. Conclusão: as interações medicamentosas possuem altas taxas, principalmente nas prescrições medicamentosas com polifarmácia e em unidades críticas. As intervenções com software para apoio à decisão clínica e presença do farmacêutico clínico obtiveram resultados positivos e significativos.

RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar en la literatura evidencias sobre interacciones provenientes de prescripciones de medicamentos de pacientes adultos hospitalizados. Método: se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura, realizada através de seis etapas. La recolección de datos ocurrió en julio de 2020, en las bases de datos de la BDENF, LILACS vía BVS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science vía Portal Periódicos Capes y SciELO, con los descriptores drug interactions, drug prescriptions y patient safety. Fueron seleccionadas 18 producciones en el recorte espacio temporal de 2008 a 2020. Resultados: de los artículos seleccionados, diez eran estudios nacionales yocho internacionales. Las unidades de cuidados intensivos y urgencias fueron los escenarios más investigados. Los resultados fueron categorizados en tres ejes temáticos: prescripciones e interacciones medicamentosas; plazos e interacciones medicamentosas; intervenciones e interacciones medicamentosas. Conclusión: las interacciones medicamentosas poseen altas tasas, principalmente en las prescripciones medicamentosas con polifarmacia y en unidades críticas. Las intervenciones con software para el apoyo a la decisión clínica yla presencia del farmacéutico clínico obtuvieron resultados positivos y significativos.

ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate evidence in the literature about interactions arising from drug prescriptions of hospitalized adult patients. Method: this is an integrative literature review carried out through six steps. Data collection took place in July 2020, in the BDENF, LILACS via BVS, CINAHL, SCOPUS, Web of Science via Capes Periodicals Portal and SciELO databases, using the descriptors drug interactions, drug prescriptions and patient safety. Eighteen productions were selected in the time frame from 2008 to 2020. Results: of the articles selected, ten were national and eight international studies. Intensive care and emergency units were the most investigated scenarios. The results were categorized into three thematic axes: prescriptions and drug interactions; scheduling and drug interactions; interventions and drug interactions. Conclusion: drug interactions occur at high rates, mainly in cases of drug prescriptions associated with polypharmacy and in critical units. Interventions with software to support clinical decision and the presence of a clinical pharmacist brought significant and positive results.

Curcumin pre-treatment modulate the activities of adenine nucleotide and nucleoside degradation enzymes in lymphocyte of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi.

This study aimed to evaluate nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase (NTPDase) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in lymphocytes from rats supplemented or not with curcumin 30 days prior to experimental infection with Trypanosoma evansi. Thirty-two adult male Wistar rats were divided in four groups. The pre-infection group 20 (PreI20) received orally 20 mg/kg of curcumin and pre-infection group 60 (PreI60) received orally 60 mg/kg of curcumin for 30 days prior inoculation with T. evansi. The infected e non-infected control groups received only oral vehicle for 30 days. Trypanosoma evansi infected groups were inoculated intraperitoneally with 0.2 ml of blood with 1 × 106 parasites. After inoculation the treatment of the groups continued until the day of euthanasia (15 days). The results showed that curcumin pre-treatment, with both doses, reduced (P < .05) NTPDase and increased (P < .05) ADA activity in lymphocytes of treated groups when compared to untreated and infected animals (control). The results of this study support the evidence that the regulation of ATP and adenosine levels by NTPDase and ADA activities appear to be important to modulate the immune response in T. evansi infection, once the treatment with curcumin maintained the NTPDase activity reduced and enhanced ADA activity in lymphocytes. It is possible to conclude that the use of curcumin prior to infection with T. evansi induces immunomodulatory effects, favoring the response against the parasite.

Segurança do paciente: potenciais interações medicamentosas favorecidas pela sobreposição de medicamentos aprazados pelo enfermeiro / Patient safety: potential drug interactions favored by overlapping of medications scheduled by nurses

A terapêutica medicamentosa tem predomínio no ambiente hospitalar, apresenta-se em um contexto com inúmeras possibilidades para incidentes e assim, mais desafiador para interceptar situações que comprometam uma assistência de qualidade. O enfermeiro possui a responsabilidade sobre o processo de medicação e ocupam papel essencial na detecção e prevenção das interações medicamentosas ao adequar os horários durante o aprazamento. Este estudo teve por objetivo investigar as potenciais interações medicamentosas favorecidas pela sobreposição de medicamentos aprazados por enfermeiros nas prescrições de pacientes em unidade de internação clínica. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, transversal, de análise documental com abordagem quantitativa com 260 prescrições medicamentosas. Foram selecionadas, por conveniência, prescrições de pacientes adultos de duas unidades de internação clínica de um hospital universitário localizado no Rio de Janeiro durante o mês de setembro de 2019. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva através do Microsoft Excel e as potenciais interações medicamentosas foram identificadas por meio da ferramenta Drug Interactions (Medscape®). Foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, da referida instituição sob o parecer: 3.556.571. Foram 3066 doses analisadas com concentração de quatro horários (10h, 18h, 22h e 06h) evidenciando aprazamento institucional padronizado. A via oral foi a mais predominante (74%). Os motivos para a omissão de dose foram: 60,3% sem justificativas, 22,8% não havia o medicamento ou não era padronizado e em 5,3% das doses, o horário estava ausente e as principais classes envolvidas foram: aparelho digestivo e metabolismo (38,6%), anti-infecciosos gerais para uso sistêmico (15,9%) e sistema nervoso (15,3%). A taxa de erros de medicação foi 5,44. Quanto ao tipo de prescrição, houve predomínio de prescrições pré-digitadas (n=194, 74,61%), apenas 3 (1,15%) foram escritas à mão e 63 (24,23%) foram mistas. As interações medicamentosas potenciais com menor gravidade foram ácido valproico/ isoniazida e carbonato de cálcio/ aspirina ambos com 19,7%, com gravidade moderada foram lopinavir/ clonazepam (11,9%) e diazepam/ tramadol (7,3%) e com risco grave foram isoniazida/ omeprazol (12,3%) e com 2,8% rifampicina/ dexametasona. A equipe de enfermagem deve considerar o cuidado centrado no paciente com aprazamento mais próximo às necessidades individuais, inclusive na preservação do sono e evitando a sobreposição medicamentosa, comunicação verbal e escrita adequada, a utilização de bases de dados como ferramenta de apoio à decisão clínica, realização da dupla checagem, elaboração de um guia de aprazamento, bem como um ambiente reservado para sua realização e a configuração do processo de trabalho quanto à organização, distribuição e acondicionamento dos medicamentos de forma adequada.

Drug therapy is predominant in the hospital environment, presenting itself as a context subject to numerous incidents possibilities, therefore, it's more challenging to intercept situations that compromise the quality of care. The nurse is responsible for the medication process and plays an essential role in detecting and preventing drug interactions by the adjustment of the schedules during the scheduling. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential drug interactions favored by overlapping of medications scheduled by nurses in patients' prescriptions at a clinical inpatient unit. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of document analysis, through a quantitative approach with 260 drug prescriptions. For convenience, the prescriptions selected were those from adult patients from two inpatient units of a university hospital located in Rio de Janeiro, during September 2019. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics using Microsoft Excel, and the potential drug interactions were identified using the Drug Interactions tool (Medscape®). The present work was approved by the Ethics and Research Committee of the mentioned institution under the peer review: 3,556,571. There were 3066 analyzed doses, with a concentration of four hours (10h, 18h, 22h and 06h) showing standardized institutional schedule. The oral route was the most predominant (74%). The reasons for dose omission were: 60.3% without justification; in 22.8%, there was no medication, or it was not standardized; and, in 5.3% of doses, the time was absent. The main classes involved were: digestive tract and metabolism (38.6%), general anti-infectives for systemic use (15.9%) and nervous system (15.3%). The medication error rate was 5.44. Regarding the type of prescription, there was a predominance of preset prescriptions (n=194, 74.61%); only 3 (1.15%) were handwritten, and 63 (24.23%) were mixed. The potential drug interactions with lower severity were valproic acid/ isoniazid and calcium carbonate/ aspirin, both with 19.7%; those with moderate severity were lopinavir/ clonazepam (11.9%) and diazepam/ tramadol (7.3%); and the ones with severe risk were isoniazid/ omeprazole (12.3%) and rifampicin/ dexamethasone (2.8%). Nursing staff must consider patient-centered care by adopting a medication schedule closer to the patient's individual needs, including sleep preservation and avoiding drug overlap; a proper verbal and written communication; the use of databases as a clinical decision support tool; double checking; the elaboration of a scheduling guide, as well as a reserved environment for its accomplishment; and the configuration of the work process regarding the organization, the distribution and a proper packaging of the medications.

Biochemical and oxidative stress markers in the liver and kidneys of rats submitted to different protocols of anabolic steroids.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different protocols (P1, P2, and P3) of boldenone undecylenate (BU) and stanozolol (ST) on markers of liver and kidney function and variables of oxidative stress in these organs. For this, 54 male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups of six animals each. Each animal received intramuscularly 5.0 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 4 weeks (P1); 2.5 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 8 weeks (P2); and 1.25 mg kg-1 of BU or ST once a week for 12 weeks (P3). For each protocol, a control group was used, and they received 0.1 ml of olive oil intramuscularly. Blood and fragments of liver and kidney were collected for alanine aminotransferase activity (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, albumin, creatinine, cholesterol, total protein, triglycerides, urea, reactive oxygen species, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, total thiols, and glutathione evaluation. The results show that the BU in doses of 5 (day 30) and 2.5 mg kg-1 (day 60) changes the ALT seric activity, possibly showing a hepatotoxic effect. High doses of BU may lead to increased levels of cholesterol (protocol P1) possibly due to inhibition of the normal steroid biosynthesis process. All protocols used caused changes in the redox balance of the organs studied (except in the liver, protocol P2), which indicates that these drugs might be harmful even at low doses.

Anthocyanins control neuroinflammation and consequent memory dysfunction in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide.

Peripheral inflammatory stimuli may activate a brain neuroinflammatory processes with consequences in brain function. The present study investigated if anthocyanins (ANT) consumption was able to prevent the memory loss, the neuronal damage, and the neuroinflammatory processes triggered by the intraperitoneal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. C57BL6 male mice were treated with ANT (30-100 mg/kg by gavage). With a single dose or during 10 days, before be challenged with LPS (250 µg/kg intraperitoneally single administration), a classical inductor of inflammation. The data obtained showed that ANT was able to confer protection against the memory impairment after 10 days of ANT treatment (100 mg/kg). This phytonutrient also prevented the hypothermia episode induced by LPS. Moreover, ANT prevented the increase in protein carbonyl, NOx, and MDA levels in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex (4 and 24 h) in animal challenged with LPS. ANT showed a protective effect on the increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines content, especially Interleukin (IL)-1ß, tumoral necrosis factor-α and on the reduction of IL-10 induced by LPS. ANT 100 mg/kg prevented the infiltration of peripheral immune cells in the hippocampus at 24 h post-LPS administration. In parallel, LPS increased the activity of myeloperoxidase in cortex and hippocampus, and ANT prevented this effect, also reducing microglia (Iba-1) and astrocyte (GFAP) immunoreactivity. Thus, our data support that ANT are a promising therapeutic component against brain disorders associated with process of neuroinflammation. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.

Osteocondrose de articulação fêmoro-tíbio-patelar em potro da raça Crioula / Stifle joint osteochondrosis in a Criollo foal

Um potro da raça crioula, com dois anos de idade, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM) apresentando aumento de volume na região da patela esquerda e claudicação manifestada ao trote. Os exames físico e radiográfico identificaram a presença de uma lesão envolvendo o osso subcondral na tróclea lateral do fêmur, característica de uma osteocondrose. Trata-se do primeiro relato de osteocondrose em um potro da raça Crioula.

A two-year-old Criollo foal was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the UFSM presenting joint effusion on the left stifle joint. Physical and radiographic examination revealed the presence of osteochondreal fragmentation located at the lateral throclea ridge of the femur characterizing osteochondrosis in the stifle joint.

Surto de Trichophyton equinum var. equinum em eqüinos no sul do Brasil / Outbreak of Trichophyton equinum var. equinum in horses in the south of Brazil

Descreve-se, neste trabalho, um surto de dermatofitose eqüina no Sul do Brasil. Cinqüenta e oito animais jovens (55,2 por cento) apresentavam lesões clínicas características da enfermidade. O diagnóstico micológico realizado pela presença do fungo nos pêlos, associado às características macro e micromorfológicas das colônias isoladas em meio de cultivo, permitiram a classificação do dermatófito como Trichophyton equinum var. equinum.

One outbreak of dermatophytosis in horses is described in south Brazil. Fifty eight young animals (55.2 percent) presented clinical signs of the disease. The mycological diagnosis was realized through the presence of fungus in the hair, associated with the macro and micromorphologic characteristics of the isolated colonies in agar also allowed the dermatophyte´s classification as Trichophyton equinum var. equinum.