Seguir en lo mismo: representaciones de paz y conflicto de jóvenes del catatumbo ¿paz imperfecta o paz imposible?

Este artículo constituye una aproximación a la comprensión de las representaciones sociales de paz y conflicto de un grupo de estudiantes de un centro educativo del Catatumbo, territorio ubicado en el departamento Norte de Santander en la frontera con Venezuela y caracterizado por la presencia de grupos ilegales y el aumento de cultivos ilícitos. La investigación se fundamenta en el enfoque procesual de la teoría de las representaciones sociales a partir de las dimensiones de actitud, información y campo de representación. Estas representaciones se entienden como constructos objetivados y anclados en las prácticas sociales de esta población. Los hallazgos muestran una visión dual sobre la paz: una paz en apariencia imposible que se preserva como imaginario de esperanza, una especie de escepticismo que actúa subrepticiamente como factor de sobrevivencia; y una visión de temor y rechazo al conflicto armado, a los actores armados y al olvido del Estado. Se concluye que frente a estas representaciones de una paz indeleble pero motivadora, y un conflicto asociado a la perversidad y a la muerte, solo se puede sobrevivir con la imaginación representada en lo que los jóvenes llaman malicia indígena.

This article is an approach to understanding the social representations of peace and conflict of a group of students from an educational center in Catatumbo, a territory located in the Department of Norte de Santander, on the border with Venezuela, and characterized by the presence of illegal groups and the increase of illicit crops. The research is based on the process approach of the theory of social representations from the dimensions of attitude, information, and field of representation. These representations are understood as objectified constructs anchored in the social practices of this population. The findings show a dual vision of peace: a seemingly impossible peace that is preserved as an imaginary of hope, a kind of skepticism that acts surreptitiously as a survival factor, and a vision of fear and rejection of the armed conflict, the armed actors, and the oblivion of the State. It is concluded that, in the face of these representations of an indelible but motivating peace, and a conflict associated with perversity and death, one can only survive with imagination, represented in what the young people call indigenous malice.

Experiencias de reparación simbólica de las comunidades víctimas del conflicto armado en Colombia / Symbolic reparation experiences of the communities victims of the armed conflict in Colombia

Resumen Se destaca que el arte actúa como elemento para expresar el dolor y transmitir generacionalmente un mensaje enfocado a la garantía de la no repetición de los hechos, la satisfacción de las víctimas y el respeto por los derechos humanos en el marco del Conflicto Armado que vive aún Colombia. Es así que las experiencias de reparación simbólica a partir del arte, desarrollado por las comunidades víctimas de conflicto armado son vitales para su dignificación, para la memoria histórica y a la reconstrucción de la verdad, así como proceso reparador.

Abstract It is highlighted that art acts as an element to express the pain and transmit generationally a message focused on the guarantee of non-repetition of the facts, the satisfaction of the victims and the respect for human rights in the framework of the Armed Conflict that Colombia still lives. Thus, the experiences of symbolic reparation through art, developed by the communities, which are victims of the armed conflict, are vital for their dignification, for the historical memory and the reconstruction of truth, as well as a compensative process.

Tracheostomy Practices for Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Malawi.

BACKGROUND: Tracheostomy is used for patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation. Extensive research has described the provision and optimal timing of tracheostomy, but very little describes tracheostomy utilization in low- and middle-income countries, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: This prospective cohort study describes patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital in Malawi who received tracheostomy versus those who did not, with a primary outcome of hospital mortality. We performed subgroup analysis of patients with severe head injuries. RESULTS: The analysis included 451 patients admitted to the study ICU between September 2016 and July 2018. Overall hospital mortality was 40% for patients who received tracheostomy and 63% for patients who did not. Logistic regression modeling revealed an odds ratio (OR) of 0.34 (95% CI 0.18-0.64) for hospital mortality among patients who received tracheostomy versus those who did not (p < 0.001). Standardized mortality ratio weighting revealed an odds ratio of 0.81 (95% CI 0.65-0.99, p < 0.001) for hospital death among patients who received tracheostomy versus those who did not. In the subgroup excluding severe head injury, both ICU (50%) and hospital mortality (75%) were higher overall, but hospital mortality was not more common for patients with tracheostomy versus without (OR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94-1.74, p = 0.104). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheostomy is not associated with hospital mortality in a Malawi ICU cohort, but these results are affected by the presence of head injury. Research may focus on home tracheostomy care given the lack of hospital discharge options for patients in austere settings.

Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Capecitabine After Standard Neo-/Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Early Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01).

PURPOSE: Operable triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) have a higher risk of relapse than non-TNBCs with standard therapy. The GEICAM/2003-11_CIBOMA/2004-01 trial explored extended adjuvant capecitabine after completion of standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eligible patients were those with operable, node-positive-or node negative with tumor 1 cm or greater-TNBC, with prior anthracycline- and/or taxane-containing chemotherapy. After central confirmation of TNBC status by immunohistochemistry, patients were randomly assigned to either capecitabine or observation. Stratification factors included institution, prior taxane-based therapy, involved axillary lymph nodes, and centrally determined phenotype (basal v nonbasal, according to cytokeratins 5/6 and/or epidermal growth factor receptor positivity by immunohistochemistry). The primary objective was to compare disease-free survival (DFS) between both arms. RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-six patients were randomly assigned to capecitabine (n = 448) or observation (n = 428). Median age was 49 years, 55.9% were lymph node negative, 73.9% had a basal phenotype, and 67.5% received previous anthracyclines plus taxanes. Median length of follow-up was 7.3 years. DFS was not significantly prolonged with capecitabine versus observation [hazard ratio (HR), 0.82; 95% CI, 0.63 to 1.06; P = .136]. In a preplanned subgroup analysis, nonbasal patients seemed to derive benefit from the addition of capecitabine with a DFS HR of 0.53 versus 0.94 in those with basal phenotype (interaction test P = .0694) and an HR for overall survival of 0.42 versus 1.23 in basal phenotype (interaction test P = .0052). Tolerance of capecitabine was as expected, with 75.2% of patients completing the planned 8 cycles. CONCLUSION: This study failed to show a statistically significant increase in DFS by adding extended capecitabine to standard chemotherapy in patients with early TNBC. In a preplanned subset analysis, patients with nonbasal phenotype seemed to obtain benefit with capecitabine, although this will require additional validation.

[Histiocitosis de Langerhans en el cráneo. Informe de un caso]. / Langerhans cell histiocytosis in skull. Case report.

BACKGROUND: Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a rare disease in the adult, predominates in the pediatric age and is more common in men than in women. The sites of greater affection are the long bones, followed by the bones of the skull. Patients usually have symptoms related to the site of affection, usually polyostotic lesions, monostotic lesions occur less frequently. The study of choice and treatment depends on the site affected, in the skull the main one is the magnetic resonance and the treatment is the surgical excision of the lesion. CLINICAL CASE: A 29-year-old female patient who entered the hospital due to a non-painful, rapidly growing, progressive tumor on the frontal region of the skull. Physical examination revealed a rounded mass of approximately 5 cm in diameter in the left, non-painful, non-painful, left-frontoparietal region. Magnetic resonance imaging of the skull showed a lytic lesion in the frontal bone. It was surgically excised with clean edges; titanium plate was placed. Histopathological diagnosis was histiocytosis of Langerhans cells. CONCLUSIONS: It is a rare case, with a patient of an uncommon age of presentation, absence of metastasis by means of study protocol and due to the monostotic presentation improves the prognosis for this patient.

ANTECEDENTES: la histiocitosis de células de Langerhans es una enfermedad rara en el adulto, que predomina en la edad pediátrica, y es más común en los hombres que en las mujeres. Los sitios de mayor afectación son los huesos largos, seguidos de los huesos del cráneo. Suele cursar con sintomatología relacionada con el sitio de afectación. Por lo general son lesiones poliostóticas; las lesiones monostóticas se presentan con menor frecuencia. El estudio de elección y el tratamiento dependen del sitio afectado; en el cráneo, el principal es la resonancia magnética, y el tratamiento es la escisión quirúrgica de la lesión. CASO CLÍNICO: Mujer de 29 años que ingresó al hospital debido a una tumoración no dolorosa de crecimiento rápido y progresivo sobre la región frontal del cráneo. A la exploración física se observó una masa redondeada, de aproximadamente 5 cm de diámetro, en la región frontoparietal izquierda, no dolorosa, de consistencia blanda, no móvil. La resonancia magnética de cráneo mostró una lesión lítica en el hueso frontal. Se extirpó quirúrgicamente con bordes limpios y se colocó una malla de titanio. El diagnóstico histopatológico fue de histiocitosis de células de Langerhans. CONCLUSIONES: Se trata de un caso poco frecuente, en una paciente de una edad no común de presentación, con ausencia de metástasis por medio de protocolo de estudio, y debido a la presentación monostótica mejora el pronóstico para esta paciente.

Teoría de las representaciones sociales. Una aproximación al estado del arte en América Latina / Approach towards a state of the art on theory of social representations in Latin America

Resumen Objetivo: Realizar una aproximación al estado del arte de las investigaciones en representaciones sociales en América Latina. Método: Investigación de tipo documental que consideró las siguientes fases: preoperatoria, heurística y hermenéutica. La información, correspondiente a 172 artículos de investigación empírica y 102 artículos de naturaleza teórica, fue clasificada mediante la construcción de bases de datos y matrices en la Hoja de Cálculo Excel. Resultados: Los trabajos de investigación más relevantes han sido desarrollados en países como Brasil, México, Venezuela y Argentina, los cuales están principalmente orientados por el enfoque procesual y se enfocan principalmente en áreas temáticas como salud, género, problemáticas sociales, educación, política y cultura. Conclusiones: En América Latina se han realizado aportes significativos en el campo de la Teoría de las Representaciones Sociales como enfoque investigativo de las Ciencias Sociales y Humanas. Con un predo minio del enfoque procesual, los estudios se orientan hacia la comprensión y transformación de la realidad social.

Abstract Objective: this review paper aims to submit an approach towards a state of the art on social representa tions in Latin America. It shows an overview in relation with the Theory of Social Representations' contri bution as a research topic of Social Human Sciences. Method: This research was conducted through a documentary review, classified by the creation of databases and matrices in the Worksheet Excel, as follows: 172 empirical research articles and 102 theoretical articles: considering the following phases: preoperative, heuristic and hermeneutic. Results: The most relevant research projects mainly oriented by the approach process and focus on fields such as health, gender, social problems, education, politics and culture, have been developed in countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Venezuela and Argentina. Conclusions: In Latin America, the Theory of Social Representations as a research approach has made signif icant contributions in Social and Human Sciences field. Toward the understanding and transformation of social reality, the studies are conducted suggesting a predominance of the processual approach.

Evaluación de la microdureza superficial de discos de resinas para reconstrucción de muñones. Estudio in vitro / Evaluation of the surface micro-hardness of resin discs for core build-up. In vitro study

Objetivo: Comparar, a las 48 horas, la microdureza superficial de las resinas para reconstrucción de muñones Luxa- core DMG America, Absolute Dentin Parkell y Z350 XT 3M. Materiales y métodos: El grupo de estudio estuvo conformado por 33 discos de resina, distribuidos en tres subgrupos: dos experimentales cada uno conformado por (n = 11), y uno control (n = 11). Los dos primeros grupos son resinas de foto activación y el tercero, una resina de activación dual. Estos fueron sometidos al instrumento microdurómetro Vickers, marca LG, en el laboratorio de ensayos mecánicos. Se aplicó una carga de 200 gramos fuerza por 10 segundos para cada indentación. El análisis estadístico se realizó con ayuda del programa SPSS versión 24 y se realizó la prueba de Anova y la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey. Resultados: Luego del ensayo de microdureza Vickers (VHN), los resul- tados fueron: para G1, el valor promedio para la variable microdureza fue 55,24 ± 1,7 VHN; el G2 arrojó un valor promedio de 54,34 ± 3,82 VHN, y para G3 fue de 75.66 ± 4.4 VHN. Conclusión: Las resinas compuestas foto activadas, como material de reconstrucción de muñones sometidos a la prueba de microdureza superficial, mostraron propiedades mecánicas mejoradas en comparación con las resinas duales evaluadas. (AU)

Objective: Compare the superficial microhardness at 48 hours of the core build-up resins Luxacore DMG America, Absolute Dentin PARKELL and Z350 XT 3M. Materials and methods: The study group consisted of 33 resin discs, distrib-uted in three sub-groups: two experi-mental groups (n = 11) and one control group (n = 11). The first two groups were photo activation resins and the third group was a dual activation resin, subjected to the Micro-Vickers Hardness Tester - LG Brand in the mechanical testing labo-ratory. A test force of 200 grams was applied for 10 seconds for each indenta-tion. Statistical analysis was conducted with the help of the SPSS version 24 program and the Anova test and Tukey multiple comparison test were performed. Results: Following the Vickers micro-hardness test (vhn), the mean results for the indentations are shown in Table 1 in vhn values. f or g1 the average microhardness variable was 55.24 ± 1.7 vhn. g2 exhibited an average value of 54.34 ± 3.82 vhn. the average micro-hardness value for G3 was 75.66 ± 4.4 vhn.Conclusions: Composite photo activated resins as a core build-up mate-rial subjected to surface microhardness testing displayed improved mechanical properties compared to the dual resins evaluated. (AU)

Bilateral Mycobacterium chelonae Keratitis after Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery.

The purpose of this manuscript is to report the case of an 81-year-old patient who presented with bilateral keratitis after phacoemulsification surgery. Cultures came back positive for Mycobacterium chelonae. Despite aggressive topical and systemic antimicrobial treatment, the patient developed a corneal perforation in both eyes, treated with corneal glue in the right eye and corneoscleral patch in the left eye. After two years of follow-up, patient was free of infection in the right eye with visual acuity of 20/200 and the left eye progressed to phthisis bulbi. We present an unusual case of bilateral Mycobacterium chelonae keratitis associated with phacoemulsification cataract surgery. This case represents the importance of making clinicians aware of this devastating infection and highlights the need for better management to improve outcomes.

Sentidos de la pasión de aprender. Perspectiva de estudiantes de universidad / Meanings of "passion for learning": University student's perspectives / Sentidos da paixão de aprender. A perspectiva do estudante universitário

Resumen (analítico): El propósito central de este artículo se orienta a la comprensión del sentido que le otorga a la pasión de aprender un grupo de estudiantes universitarios de cuatro universidades de la ciudad de Cúcuta, Colombia. La investigación logra una aproximación al fenómeno de la pasión por el conocimiento y alcanza a visualizar los significados que los jóvenes apasionados por el saber le dan al acto de aprender. El enfoque de la investigación es de corte comprensivo, y se sitúa desde la perspectiva epistémica del sujeto conocido. Se utilizan como técnicas para recoger la información el grupo focal y entrevistas en profundidad. El análisis de datos se apoya en la teoría fundamentada. Se encuentra que los participantes asumen su pasión de aprender como actos inteligentes, por vocación y amor por una carrera, por placer, para saborear el saber, y como un desafío que requiere rigor y esfuerzo permanente.

Abstract (analytical): The central purpose of this article aims at understanding the sense that a group of university students from four universities from the city of Cúcuta, Colombia confer to the passion for learning. The research attains a certain approximation to the phenomenon of the passion for knowledge and manages to visualize the significance that young people with a passion for knowledge give to the act of learning. The approach of the research is of the understanding type, and it is placed from the epistemic perspective of the known subject. The focal group and in depth interviews are used as techniques to collect information. The data analysis is supported on the wellfounded theory. It was found that the participants assume their passion for learning as intelligent acts, out of vocation and love for a career, out of pleasure, to be able to savor knowledge, and as a challenge that requires rigor and permanent effort.

Resumo (analítico): O propósito central deste artigo se orienta à compreensão do sentido que é conferido à paixão de aprender por um grupo de estudantes universitários de quatro universidades da cidade de Cúcuta, Colômbia. A investigação busca uma aproximação ao fenômeno da paixão pelo conhecimento e alcança visualizar os significados que os jovens apaixonados pelo saber conferem ao ato de aprender. O enfoque da investigação é de corte compreensivo e se situa a partir da perspectiva epistêmica do sujeito conhecido. São utilizadas como técnicas para a coleta de dados o grupo focal e entrevistas em profundidade. A análise de dados se apoia na teoria fundamentada. Conclui-se que os participantes assumem a sua paixão por aprender como atos inteligentes, por vocação e por amor a uma carreira, por prazer, para saborear o saber e como um desafio que requer rigor e esforço permanentes.

Ideas de paz en jóvenes desplazados de la ciudad de Cúcuta / Peace idea in displaced youth people in Cúcuta / Idéias de paz em jovens deslocados na cidade de Cúcuta

En este artículo indagamos sobre las ideas de paz de un grupo de jóvenes desplazados y desplazadas de la ciudad de Cúcuta. Profundizar en este tema aporta elementos pedagógicos para la construcción del “bachillerato de Paz como Cultura”, propuesta educativa con la cual la Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander atiende a esta población, forzada a abandonar sus lugares de residencia por causa del conflicto armado que se presenta en la frontera colombo-venezolana.Para el análisis tuvimos en cuenta los datos que aportaron las entrevistas abiertas a través de la técnica de codificación progresiva: categorías abierta, axial y selectiva. Los hallazgos permiten la comprensión de la paz en el ámbito de la familia como paz negativa, positiva, imperfecta y neutra.

Este artigo indaga sobre as idéias de paz de um grupo de jovens deslocados e deslocadas da cidade de Cúcuta, Colômbia. Aprofundar neste assunto contribui com elementos pedagógicos para a construção do “Segundo Grau de Paz como Cultura”. Esta é a proposta com a qual a Universidade Francisco de Paula Santander atende esta povoação, forçada a abandonar seus lugares de residencia devido ao conflito armado existente na fronteira Colômbia-Venezuela.Para fazer a analise contamos com os dados resultantes das entrevistas abertas através da técnica de codificação progressiva: categorias aberta, axial e seletiva. Os achados permitem a compreensão da paz no âmbito da familia como paz negativa, imperfeita e neutra.

This paper examines the idea of peace in a group of displaced young people from Cúcuta, Colombia. Deepen this topic provides teaching materials for the construction of “Peace and Culture school”, This educational proposal with which the University Francisco de Paula Santander serving this population, forced to leave their homes because of armed conflict that occurs in the Colombian-Venezuelan border.For the analysis was taken into account data provided by open interviews with progressive encoding technique: open, axial and selective categories. The findings allow the understanding of peace within the family as negative, positive, neutral, imperfect peace.

Disconnecting the Golgi ribbon from the centrosome prevents directional cell migration and ciliogenesis.

Mammalian cells exhibit a frequent pericentrosomal Golgi ribbon organization. In this paper, we show that two AKAP450 N-terminal fragments, both containing the Golgi-binding GM130-interacting domain of AKAP450, dissociated endogenous AKAP450 from the Golgi and inhibited microtubule (MT) nucleation at the Golgi without interfering with centrosomal activity. These two fragments had, however, strikingly different effects on both Golgi apparatus (GA) integrity and positioning, whereas the short fragment induced GA circularization and ribbon fragmentation, the large construct that encompasses an additional p150glued/MT-binding domain induced separation of the Golgi ribbon from the centrosome. These distinct phenotypes arose by specific interference of each fragment with either Golgi-dependent or centrosome-dependent stages of Golgi assembly. We could thus demonstrate that breaking the polarity axis by perturbing GA positioning has a more dramatic effect on directional cell migration than disrupting the Golgi ribbon. Both features, however, were required for ciliogenesis. We thus identified AKAP450 as a key determinant of pericentrosomal Golgi ribbon integrity, positioning, and function in mammalian cells.

Microtubule nucleation at the cis-side of the Golgi apparatus requires AKAP450 and GM130.

We report that microtubule (MT) nucleation at the Golgi apparatus requires AKAP450, a centrosomal gamma-TuRC-interacting protein that also forms a distinct network associated with the Golgi. Depletion of AKAP450 abolished MT nucleation at the Golgi, whereas depletion of the cis-Golgi protein GM130 led to the disorganisation of AKAP450 network and impairment of MT nucleation. Brefeldin-A treatment induced relocalisation of AKAP450 to ER exit sites and concomitant redistribution of MT nucleation capacity to the ER. AKAP450 specifically binds the cis-side of the Golgi in an MT-independent, GM130-dependent manner. Short AKAP450-dependent growing MTs are covered by CLASP2. Like for centrosome, dynein/dynactin complexes are necessary to anchor MTs growing from the Golgi. We further show that Golgi-associated AKAP450 has a role in cell migration rather than in cell polarisation of the centrosome-Golgi apparatus. We propose that the recruitment of AKAP450 on the Golgi membranes through GM130 allows centrosome-associated nucleating activity to extend to the Golgi, to control the assembly of subsets of MTs ensuring specific functions within the Golgi or for transporting specific cargos to the cell periphery.

Quimioterapia primária em câncer de mama localmente avançado: estudo comparativo entre dois esquemas terapêuticos com intensificaçäo de doses / Primary chemotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer: comparative trial of two regimens with dose intensification

Realizou-se um estudo clínico prospectivo, fase III, multicêntrico, aberto, aleatório e comparativo. Foram avaliadas 60 pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama localmente avançado, estádio IIIA, divididas em dois grupos. As pacientes foram submetidas à quimioterapia primária, com ou sem intensificaçäo de dose, por quatro ciclos, e à cirurgia. Utilizou-se o protocolo FEC 50 no Grupo A (5-FU 500 mg/m², epirubicina 50 mg/m² e ciclofosfamida 500 mg/m²) e o FEC 100 no Grupo B (5-FU 500 mg/m², epirubicina 100 mg/m² e ciclofosfamida 500 mg/m²). Foram analisados, durante a quimioterapia, o estado geral, variaçÝo ponderal, alopécia, alteraçöes digestivas, hematológicas e cardiotoxicidade. Após a quimioterapia avaliou-se a resposta tumoral clínica e, na peça cirúrgica, a resposta anatomopatológica. A resposta clínica objetiva (resposta completa e resposta parcial) nos grupos A e B foi 93 porcento e 96 porcento, respectivamente. Os resultados foram similares, porém no Grupo B houve um percentual maior de respostas clínicas completas. Avaliou-se a doença residual no sítio primário e nos linfonodos axilares. No Grupo A houve 4 (13 porcento) casos de resposta anatomopatológica completa, 12 (40 porcento) de tumor residual microscópico e 14 (47 porcento) de tumor macroscópico. No Grupo B ocorreram 10 (33 porcento) casos de resposta anatomopatológica completa, 7 (23 porcento) de tumor residual microscópico e 13 (44 porcento) de tumor macroscópico. Concluiu-se que a quimioterapia primária proporcionou resposta clínica e anatomopatológica maior no grupo com intensificaçäo de dose. A toxicidade, tolerável e reversível, foi mais acentuada no grupo de altas doses.