Asociación entre obesidad abdominal, consumo de alcohol y actividad física en universitarios panameños / Association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical activity in Panamanian college students

Introducción. La obesidad abdominal es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. El consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y la inactividad física también son factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal, el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física en universitarios panameños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 374 estudiantes universitarios panameños en el periodo abril ­ diciembre de 2021. Se implementó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se evaluó la circunferencia de cintura. La obesidad abdominal se estableció con una circunferencia de cintura ≥80 cm en mujeres y ≥90 cm en hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre las variables del estudio. Las pruebas U Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado fueron utilizadas para analizar diferencias por sexo. Resultados: Una tercera parte de los universitarios participantes presentaron obesidad abdominal. Las mujeres reportaron mayores niveles de inactividad física (<0,0001) y conducta sedentaria (p=0,0010) que los hombres. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, la obesidad abdominal estuvo asociada con la inactividad física (OR: 1,762, IC 95%: 1,040 ­ 2,985, p=0,035) y el consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol (OR 1,114, IC: 1,015 ­ 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusiones: Los universitarios panameños que reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de registrar obesidad abdominal(AU)

Introduction. Abdominal obesity is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Episodic excessive consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity are behavioral risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in Panamanian university students. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 374 Panamanian university students in the period April ­ December 2021. The questionnaire for the surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of the World Health Organization was implemented and waist circumference was evaluated. Abdominal obesity was established with a waist circumference ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyzes were performed using logistic regression models to determine the association between the study variables. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests were used to analyze differences by sex. Results: A third of the participating university students had abdominal obesity. Women reported higher levels of physical inactivity (<0,0001) and sedentary behavior (p=0,0010) than men. After adjusting for sex, age and socioeconomic status, abdominal obesity was associated with physical inactivity (OR: 1,762, 95% CI: 1,040 ­ 2,985, p=0,035) and episodic heavy alcohol consumption (OR 1,114, CI: 1,015 ­ 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusions: Students who reported low levels of physical inactivity and binge drinking were more likely to have abdominal obesity(AU)

Efficacy and safety of phospholipid nanoparticles (VBI-S) in reversing intractable hypotension in patients with septic shock: a multicentre, open-label, repeated measures, phase 2a clinical pilot trial.

Background: Since the 1990's attempts to favorably modulate nitric oxide (NO) have been unsuccessful. We hypothesized that because NO is lipophilic it would preferentially localize into intravascularly infused hydrophobic nanoparticles, thereby reducing its bioavailability and adverse effects without inhibiting its production. We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of intravenous infusion of a fluid comprised of hydrophobic phospholipid nanoparticles (VBI-S) that reversibly absorb NO in the treatment of hypotension of patients in severe septic shock. Methods: This is a multicentre, open-label, repeated measures, phase 2a clinical pilot trial done at six hospital centers in the USA. Patients in severe septic shock were enrolled after intravenous fluid therapy had failed to raise mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) to at least the generally accepted level of 65 mmHg, requiring the use of vasopressors. The primary endpoint of this study is the proportion of patients in whom MAP increased by at least 10 mmHg. VBI-S was administered intravenously to patients as boluses of 100 ml, 200 ml, 400 ml, and 800 ml at 999 ml/min until the blood pressure goal was reached after which the infusion was stopped, and the MAP was recorded. All patients who received any volume of VBI-S were included in the primary and safety analysis. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04257136. Findings: Between February 17, 2020 and January 3, 2023, 20 eligible patients were enrolled in the study. In all 20 (100%) patients, the goal of increasing MAP by at least 10 mmHg using VBI-S was achieved (p = 0.0087, effect size = 0.654). Mean VBI-S volume required to meet the primary goal was 561.0 ± 372.3 ml. The goal of lowering vasopressor dose was also achieved (p = 0.0017). Within 48 h or less after VBI-S, there was a statistically significant improvement in oxygenation, serum creatinine, clotting variables, procalcitonin, lactic acid, and the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. At 24 h and 48 h following administration of VBI-S, 12/15 (80%) and 9/12 (75%) patients developed hyperlipidemia, respectively. No severe adverse events of VBI-S were observed, and there were no treatment-related deaths. Interpretation: These preliminary findings suggest the safety and efficacy of VBI-S in treating hypotension in patients with septic shock. However, a definitive mortality benefit cannot be demonstrated without a randomized controlled study. Funding: The Naval Medical Research Command-Naval Advanced Medical Development program via the Medical Technology Enterprise Consortium.

Retrospective Case Series of Cocaine-Associated Plasma Cell Orificial Mucositis.

Importance: Plasma cell orificial mucositis (PCOM) associated with cocaine use is an emerging, rare condition that has become a concern in Spain in recent years. Limited knowledge exists regarding this novel condition. Objectives: To delineate the clinicopathologic characteristics of this emerging entity and establish a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions. Design, Setting, and Participants: A descriptive, retrospective, multicenter case series of 10 patients diagnosed with cocaine-associated PCOM was conducted in Spain from April 2020 to March 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient demographic, clinical, histopathologic, and treatment data were collected. Results: A total of 10 patients (6 [60%] male; median [range] age, 45.5 [36-66] years) presenting with exudative ulcerated plaques were identified for this study. The lesions had raised and erythematous edges over the nostril and a median (range) evolution time of 9 (2-24) months. Septal or palate perforations were observed in 4 (40%) of the patients. Biopsies revealed a dense inflammatory infiltrate of plasma cells in the dermis without atypia and with eosinophils. All patients reported recent cocaine use. Three urine tests detected cocaine but found no presence of amphetamines or opiates. Six patients improved with corticosteroid therapy. Up to 60% of patients were lost to follow-up. Conclusions and Relevance: This case series describes the clinicopathologic characteristics of PCOM, an emerging entity associated with cocaine use in Spain, and demonstrates a novel approach in the differential diagnosis of cocaine-associated lesions. To date, cocaine-associated skin lesions have been reported as neutrophilic dermatoses and vasculitis. The appearance of a plasma cell infiltrate changes what has been described in the medical literature so far. PCOM is a benign condition of unknown cause characterized by a proliferative polyclonal plasma cell infiltrate. A comprehensive differential diagnosis workup is required to reach this exclusionary diagnosis. Several irritants have been documented in cases of PCOM, and a hypersensitivity mechanism has been proposed. Since the initial report of cocaine-associated PCOM in Spain, its incidence has experienced a surge in the country. The cause of this phenomenon may be attributed to newly unidentified adulterants. The administration of corticosteroids and discontinuation of cocaine use are the sole treatments that have demonstrated efficacy. Clinicians should be vigilant regarding this emerging condition and conduct inquiries into cocaine use. Additional research is required to clarify the pathophysiology of this emerging condition.

Impacto de un programa de actividad física musicalizada sobre la aptitud física de ancianas / Impact of musicalized physical activity program on the physical fitness of elderly women

Introducción: El envejecimiento es un proceso natural consecuencia de múltiples factores moleculares y celulares que producen un deterioro de la aptitud física. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto de un programa de actividad física musicalizada en la aptitud física de ancianas colombianas. Métodos: Estudio cuasiexperimental realizado en 49 ancianas de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Se implementó un programa de actividad física musicalizada de 10 semanas. La composición corporal, la capacidad aeróbica y la fuerza de miembros inferiores se determinaron mediante el Índice de Masa Corporal, las pruebas de seis minutos de caminata, y sentarse y levantarse de una silla, respectivamente. Las variables fueron analizadas en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Para determinar la existencia de una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, se usaron las pruebas t-student y exacta de Fischer. El nivel de significancia fue de p≤0,05. Resultados: Luego de la implementación del programa, se evidenció una disminución de 0,71 kg/m2 en la media de IMC, un aumento de 2,14 en la media de repeticiones en la prueba de resistencia a la fuerza y un incremento de 39,89 en la media de metros alcanzados en la prueba de capacidad aeróbica. Así mismo, aumentó el número de mujeres que pasaron a la categoría funcional en los niveles de fuerza y capacidad aeróbica y el número de mujeres que alcanzaron un peso normal. Las diferencias anteriormente mencionadas fueron estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: El programa de actividad física musicalizada mejoró la composición corporal y aumentó los niveles de fuerza muscular y capacidad aeróbica(AU)

Introduction: Aging is a natural process resulting from multiple molecular and cellular factors producing deterioration of physical fitness. Objective: To determine the impact of a musicalized physical activity program on the physical fitness of elderly Colombian women. Methods: A quasi-experimental study carried out in 49 elderly women from Bucaramanga, Colombia. We implemented a 10-week musicalized physical activity program. Body composition, aerobic capacity, and lower limb strength were determined by Body Mass Index, six-minute walk, and chair sitting and standing tests, respectively. The variables were analyzed in measures of central tendency or frequencies according to their nature. To determine the existence of a statistically significant difference, the t-student and Fischer's exact tests were used. The level of significance was p ≤ 0.05. Results: After implementing the program, the mean BMI decreased by 0.71 kg/m2, the mean number of repetitions increased by 2.14 in the strength resistance test and the average reached meters increased by 39 .89 in the aerobic capacity test. Likewise, the number of women who moved into the functional category in strength and aerobic capacity levels and the number of women who reached a normal weight increased. The aforementioned differences were statistically significant. Conclusions: The musicalized physical activity program improved body composition and increased levels of muscle strength and aerobic capacity(AU)

Rendimiento académico y tiempo de lectura en estudiantes universitarios de cultura física, deporte y recreación / Academic Performance And Reading Time In University Students Of Physical Culture, Sports And Recreation

Introducción: Los universitarios colombianos registran bajos niveles de lectura. Esta problemática es causada en parte por políticas de gobierno inadecuadas para el fomento de la lectura e incide en los resultados de las pruebas Saber Pro. Objetivo: Establecer la asociación entre el rendimiento académico y el tiempo de lectura académica semanal de una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de cultura física, deporte y recreación. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 149 estudiantes matriculados en el periodo 2018-II. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística. Para establecer el tiempo de lectura se aplicó un cuestionario ad hoc. En el caso del rendimiento académico se consultó el promedio de notas acumulado del Sistema Académico de la universidad. Resultados: La mediana de promedio acumulado de calificaciones de los participantes fue de 3,90/5,0, RI: 0,5 (mujeres: 4,15; RI: 0,35; hombres: 3,9; RI: 0,4; p = 0,0038). La mediana de lectura semanal fue de 60 minutos RI: 150 (mujeres: 122,5; RI: 120; hombres: 60, RI: 160; p = 0,0139). Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, tener un promedio superior a 3,9/5,0 resultó asociado con más minutos de lectura semanal (OR: 1,004, IC 95 por ciento: 1,001 - 1,007, p = 0,007). Conclusiones: Las mujeres registran más tiempo de lectura semanal y mejor promedio académico que los hombres. Los estudiantes que tienen más minutos de lectura semanal tienen mayor probabilidad de tener un promedio acumulado mayor o igual a 3,9 sobre 5,0(AU)

Introduction: Colombian university students show low reading levels. This problem is caused in part by inadequate government policies to promote reading and affects the results of Saber Pro tests. Objective: Establish the association between academic performance and weekly academic reading time of a sample of university students of Physical Culture, Sports and Recreation. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 149 students enrolled in the period 2018-II. Descriptive, bivariate and multiple analyses were performed using logistic regression models. To establish the reading time, an ad hoc questionnaire was applied. In the case of academic performance, the accumulated grades average of the university's Academic System was consulted. Results: The median cumulative grades average of the participants was 3.90/5.0, IR: 0.5 (women: 4.15; RI: 0.35; men: 3.9; RI: 0.4; p = 0.0038). The median weekly reading was 60 minutes RI: 150 (women: 122.5; RI: 120; men: 60, RI: 160; p = 0.0139). After adjusting by sex, age and socioeconomic status, having an average above 3.9/5.0 was associated with more weekly reading minutes (OR: 1.004, 95 percent CI: 1.001 - 1.007, p = 0.007). Conclusions: Women have more weekly reading time and better academic average than men. Students who have more weekly reading minutes are more likely to have a cumulative average greater than or equal to 3.9 out of 5.0(AU)

Prevalencia de factores de riesgo metabólico en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos: una revisión sistemática / Prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Latin American college students: A systematic review

RESUMEN Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de factores de riesgo de tipo metabólico en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos a través de una revisión sistemática. Metodología Se realizó una revisión sistemática de artículos en las bases de datos electrónicas de SciELO, PubMed y Google Académico. La búsqueda incluyó referencias publicadas a partir del año 2006 en idiomas español, portugués e inglés que describieran prevalencias de los factores de riesgo mencionados en población universitaria latinoamericana. Resultados Un total de 245 referencias fueron recuperadas, de las cuales 60 fueron seleccionados para su análisis. Los estudiantes universitarios en Latinoamérica presentaron una prevalencia de factores de riesgo metabólicos que, en algunos casos, fue similar a la de la media poblacional en general. Conclusiones Es necesario que la comunidad universitaria y los Gobiernos latinoamericanos planteen estrategias que promuevan estilos de vida saludables tendientes a reducir la adquisición de conductas de riesgo durante la vida universitaria.

ASBTRACT Objective To describe the prevalence of metabolic risk factors in Latin American university students through a systematic review. Methodology A systematic review of articles was carried out in electronic databases SciELO, PubMed and Google Scholar. Search included references, published from 2006 in Spanish, Portuguese, and English, that described the prevalence of risk factors in Latin American college population. Results 245 references were retrieved, of which 60 were selected for analysis. University students in Latin America showed a prevalence of metabolic risk factors that, in some cases, was like that of the population average. Conclusions The university community and Latin American governments must propose strategies to promote healthy lifestyles aimed at reducing the acquisition of risky behaviours during university life.

Cirugía de la anquilosis temporomandibular en pacientes pediátricos / Temporo mandibular joint ankylosis surgery in pediatric patients

Introducción: la anquilosis temporomandibular se caracteriza por la limitación en la apertura bucal, lo que conlleva alteraciones estéticas, de la masticación, el lenguaje y respiratorias. El objetivo del reporte es describir las características clínicas de los pacientes y evaluar resultados del tratamiento quirúrgico para la anquilosis temporomandibular. Materiales y métodos: presentamos un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo en el que se revisaron las historias clínicas e imágenes de todos los pacientes operados de anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular desde enero 2008 a diciembre de 2016. Resultados: se intervinieron 44 casos, cuya etiología principal eran los traumatismos (70,5 %), con predominio femenino en el 77,3 % de los casos y la presentación unilateral como la más frecuente con el 70,5 % del total. La edad de mayor frecuencia de presentación fue entre 6 a 10 años con el 47,7 % de los casos. La cirugía más realizada fue la condilectomía con coronoidectomía en el 79,5 % de los casos. Como complicación más frecuente se encontró la parálisis de la rama palpebral en el 13,7 %, y obteniendo un 6 % de recidiva. Discusión: los resultados presentados son similares a otras publicaciones, ya que se reprodujo el tratamiento protocolizado mundialmente y no se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a etiología, edad, tratamiento realizado y complicaciones. Conclusiones: la anquilosis temporomandibular es una patología que requiere de un tratamiento quirúrgico que logre la resección del bloque anquilótico, así como la asociación de otras técnicas quirúrgicas como la realización de un colgajo para disminuir la posibilidad de recidiva y distracción ósea para restablecer la anatomía mandibular.

Introduction: Temporomandibular ankylosis limits the mandibular function, decreasing the buccal opening, with aesthetic alterations as well as chewing language and even respiratory disfunction. Objective: To describe the patients clinical paticularities and evaluate the surgical treatment results for this pathology. Design: Observacional, descriptive and retrospective study. Methods: We reviewed the medical histories and images of all the patients who underwent temporomandibular ankylosis release from January 2008 to December 2016. Results: It involved 44 cases, being the main etiology injuries in a 70.5%, with predominance of the female sex in the 77.3% and the unilateral presentation with the 70.5% of the cases. Ages between 6 to 10 years were the most frequent ones with 47.7%. The surgery most performed was the condilectomia with coronoidectomy in 79.5% of the cases. The most frequent complication was the palpebral branch paralysis in 13.7% and we had a 6% of ankylosis recurrence. Discussion: Our results are similar to other publications when reproducing the worldwide protocolized treatment, without finding significant differences in terms of etiology, age of presentation, treatment carried out and complications. Conclusions: Temporomandibular ankylosis is a condition that requires surgical treatment, which is aimed to anatomical and functional restoration. Wide bone resection complemented with other surgical techniques such as flap interposition to minimize the relapse possibility and bone distraction to restore the mandibular anatomy.

Nivel académico y aplicación de parámetros de seguridad en programas de ejercicio físico en ancianos / Academic background and application of safety parameters in physical exercise programs for the elderly

Introducción: El conocimiento idóneo en ciencias del ejercicio físico de los instructores de los programas ejercicio físico comunitario es importante para garantizar la seguridad y calidad de los programas para adultos mayores. Objetivo: Analizar el nivel de formación de los instructores y la frecuencia de aplicación de dos parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de programas de ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor. Métodos: Estudio transversal, analítico, realizado con 115 instructores de grupos de adultos mayores de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Para la recolección de la información se utilizó un cuestionario ad hoc. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fischer para explorar la asociación entre las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 18,22 por ciento de los instructores encuestados posee titulación en Ciencias del Ejercicio Físico. Se encontró una mayor frecuencia de aplicación de método de selección de aptitud para la realización de actividad física, con diferencias estadísticamente significativas, en los sujetos titulados (p = 0,032) y en aquellos que recibieron capacitación formal en ejercicio físico en el adulto mayor (p = 0,002). Los sujetos titulados exigieron con mayor frecuencia una valoración médica (p=0,036). Conclusiones: La mayoría de los instructores reportaron no aplicar los parámetros de seguridad para la implementación de un programa de ejercicio físico. Sin embargo, hubo una mayor frecuencia de aplicación en instructores titulados y en aquellos con capacitación formal en ejercicio físico para el adulto mayor(AU)

Introduction: Suitable knowledge about physical culture sciences by community exercise instructors is important to ensure the safety and quality of programs for the elderly. Objective: Analyze the academic background of instructors and the frequency of application of two safety parameters in the implementation of physical exercise programs for the elderly. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 155 instructors of groups of elderly people in Bucaramanga, Colombia. An ad hoc questionnaire was used to collect the information. The variables were analyzed as measures of central tendency or frequencies, depending on their nature. Fisher's exact test was used to explore the association between the variables of interest. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the instructors surveyed, 18.22 percent had a degree in Physical Exercise Sciences. A higher frequency was found of the application of the selection method based on aptitude to conduct physical activity, with statistically significant differences between graduated subjects (p = 0.032) and those who had received formal training in physical exercise for the elderly (p = 0.002). Medical assessment was more often requested by graduated subjects (p=0.036). Conclusions: Most instructors reported not to apply the safety parameters for implementation of a physical exercise program. However, application was more frequent by graduated instructors and those with formal training in physical exercise for the elderly(AU)

COVID-19 y embarazo. Revisión y actualización / COVID-19 and pregnancy. Review and update / COVID-19 and pregnancy. Review and update

RESUMEN Objetivo . Buscar toda la información y evidencia disponible sobre el SARS-CoV-2 -que surgió en estos primeros 4 meses de 2020y el embarazo. Metodología . Revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed y Google Scholar, hasta el 25 de abril de 2020. Se buscó artículos publicados relacionados con mujeres embarazadas infectadas con SARS-CoV-2. No hubo restricción de idioma. La búsqueda se extendió a las referencias de los artículos encontrados. Resultados . La enfermedad COVID-19 en mujeres embarazadas se caracteriza porque más del 90% de las pacientes evoluciona en forma leve, 2% requiere ingresar a las unidades de cuidados intensivos. Una muerte materna ha sido reportada. La prematuridad es alrededor de 25%, con predominio de recién nacidos prematuros tardíos; aproximadamente el 9% se complica con rotura prematura de membranas; la mortalidad perinatal es baja o similar a la de la población general y no se ha demostrado la transmisión vertical. Conclusiones . Los ginecólogos obstetras deben prepararse para atender cada vez más casos con COVID-19 y, por lo tanto, es necesario tener su conocimiento. La enfermedad evoluciona de la misma manera que en las no embarazadas, genera mayor prematuridad, no se ha demostrado la transmisión vertical, pero hay altas posibilidades de transmisión horizontal durante el parto vaginal.

ABSTRACT Objective : To search for all the information and available evidence on infection with SARS-CoV-2, a virus that appeared during the first 4 months of 2020, and pregnancy. Methods : Systematic review in PubMed and Google Scholar databases until April 25, 2020. We searched for published articles related to pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2. There was no language restriction. The search was extended to the references of the articles found. Results : In pregnant women with COVID-19, more than 90% of patients evolve mildly, 2% require intensive care. One maternal death has been reported. Prematurity occurs in approximately 25% of the cases, with predominance of late preterm infants; premature rupture of membranes presents in about 9%. Perinatal mortality is lower or similar to that of the general population, and vertical transmission has not been shown. Conclusions : Obstetrician-gynecologists must prepare to attend more cases with COVID-19 and therefore they need to know this disease. COVID-19 progresses similarly in pregnant and non-pregnant women, although it is associated to prematurity. While vertical transmission has not been demonstrated, horizontal transmission during vaginal birth is very likely.

Actividad física, composición corporal y capacidad músculo-esquelética en adolescentes escolarizados de Floridablanca, Colombia / Physical activity, body composition and musculoskeletal capacity of teenage students from Floridablanca, Colombia

Introducción: La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo comportamental asociado a enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles. La composición corporal y la capacidad músculo-esquelética son componentes de la aptitud física orientada a la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación entre la composición corporal y la capacidad músculo-esquelética de la población de estudio. Métodos: Estudio correlacional realizado en 102 estudiantes adolescentes. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba T de Student y exacta de Fischer para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables continúas y categóricas respectivamente. Se calculó coeficiente de Pearson para establecer una posible correlación en las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 76,47 por ciento de los participantes no cumple con las recomendaciones de actividad física para la salud. El 16,66 por ciento de los estudiantes presentan sobrepeso/obesidad y el 26,47 por ciento presenta un porcentaje de grasa en riesgo para la salud. El 48,08 por ciento de los adolescentes presentan niveles de fuerza resistencia saludables. Se determinó una correlación negativa entre el porcentaje de grasa y la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior (p = 0,0000), y la fuerza resistencia del tren superior (p = 0,0000) Conclusiones: La mayoría de los estudiantes son físicamente inactivos, un poco más de la cuarta parte y la mitad de la población de estudio presenta un porcentaje de grasa y niveles de fuerza resistencia del tren superior poco saludables. Se estableció una correlación negativa entre el porcentaje de grasa y los niveles de fuerza de los participantes(AU)

Introduction: Physical inactivity is a behavioral risk factor for chronic non-communicable diseases. Body composition and musculoskeletal capacity are component parts of a health-oriented physical condition. Objective: Determine the correlation between body composition and musculoskeletal capacity in the study population. Methods: A correlational study was conducted of 102 teenage students. Variables were analyzed as measures of central tendency or frequencies, depending on their nature. Student's t-test and Fischer's exact test were used to establish statistically significant differences between continuous and categorical variables, respectively. Pearson's coefficient was estimated to establish a possible correlation in the variables of interest. The significance level was p ≤ 0.05. Results: Of the total participants 76.47 percent do not comply with the recommendations about physical activity for health. 16.66 percent of the students are overweight / obese and 26.47 percent have a health-risky fat percentage. 48.08 percent of the teenagers display healthy resistance strength levels. A negative correlation was determined between fat percentage and explosive strength of the lower body (p = 0.0000) and resistance strength of the upper body (p = 0.0000). Conclusions: Most of the students are physically inactive. A bit over one fourth and half the study population have unhealthy fat percentages and upper body resistance strength levels. A negative correlation was established between the fat percentage and the strength levels of participants(AU)

Estudio correlacional sobre la actividad física y conducta sedentaria en senderistas de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Correlational Study about Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour in Hikers from Bucaramanga, Colombia

Introducción: La inactividad física es un factor de riesgo comportamental que se define como la realización de menos de 150 minutos de actividad física a la semana de intensidad moderada, por otra parte, la conducta sedentaria hace referencia al tiempo que se permanece sentado o acostado en reposo. Objetivo: Determinar la correlación existente entre los niveles de actividad física, en cada uno de los dominios, y la conducta sedentaria de los senderistas de Bucaramanga, y área metropolitana. Métodos: Estudio correlacional realizado en 170 senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Se utilizó la prueba U de Mann-Whitney para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las variables categorías y continúas de interés. Se calculó coeficiente de Pearson para establecer una posible correlación en las variables de interés. El nivel de significancia fue de p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: Se registró una prevalencia nula de inactividad física en la población de estudio. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al analizar las medianas de actividad física en cada uno de los dominios según sexo. El dominio de mayor realización de actividad física fue el del tiempo libre. Se estableció una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal. Conclusiones: La totalidad de los senderistas encuestados son físicamente activos y cumplen ampliamente con las recomendaciones de actividad física para la salud de la OMS, además de registrar bajos niveles de conducta sedentaria. Se determinó una correlación negativa entre la conducta sedentaria y la cantidad de actividad física y el gasto energético semanal(AU)

Introduction: physical inactivity is a behavioral risk factor that is defined as the realization of less than 150 moderate intensity physical activity per week, oh the other hand, sedentary behavior has to do with the time a person spend sitting or lying down. The objective of this study was to determine if there is a correlation between physical activity levels, in each domain, and the sedentary behavior of hikers from Bucaramanga, and its metropolitan area. Methods: correlational study carried out in 170 hikers from Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Variables were analyzed using central tendencies measures or frequencies according to its nature. U - Mann-Whitney test was utilized to establish differences statistically significant between categorical and continuous variables of interest. Pearson coefficient was calculated to establish a possible correlation between variables of interest. Significant level was of p ≤ 0.05 Results: a non-existent prevalence of physical inactivity was registered in hikers. No differences statistically significant were found when analyzing physical activity medians in each domain according to sex. Free time was the domain in which participants reported more physical activity. A negative correlation was established between sedentary behavior and the quantity of physical activity and weekly energy expenditure. Conclusions: All hikers interviewed are physically active and widely fulfill WHO recommendations on physical activity for health, besides, participants reported low levels of sedentary behavior. A negative correlation was stablished between sedentary behavior and the quantity of physical activity and weekly energy expenditure(AU)

Composición corporal en senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana, Colombia / Body composition of hikers from Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area in Colombia

Introducción: El senderismo es un tipo de actividad física en la naturaleza que consiste en recorrer senderos señalizados. Una composición corporal poco saludable es considerada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud como un factor de riesgo biológico asociado a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Determinar la composición corporal en senderistas de Bucaramanga y área metropolitana. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en 133 senderistas con una edad promedio de 51,28 años. Se determinó la composición corporal a través del Índice de Masa Corporal, el porcentaje de grasa y la circunferencia de la cintura. Las variables se analizaron en medidas de tendencia central o frecuencias según su naturaleza. Para establecer diferencias estadísticamente significativas se utilizaron la prueba exacta de Fischer y t-student el nivel de significancia fue de p < 0,05. Resultados: La mediana de años de práctica del senderismo fue de 4 años. El 93,23 por ciento de los participantes practica el senderismo con frecuencia semanal. EL 52,63 por ciento de los participantes presenta sobrepeso/obesidad. El 33,08 por ciento presenta obesidad abdominal y el 31,58 por ciento de los senderistas registra obesidad con relación al porcentaje de grasa. Al analizar por género no se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Conclusiones: Los senderistas presentan niveles de sobrepeso-obesidad, obesidad central y obesidad por porcentaje de grasa similares a los de la población en general. Se recomienda la implementación de un programa de educación nutricional. Se sugiere para próximos trabajos de investigación profundizar en los demás componentes de la condición física orientada a la salud y factores de riesgo biológicos(AU)

In the World Health Organization, less-than-healthy body composition is a biological risk factor for non-communicable diseases. Objective: Determine the body composition of hikers from Bucaramanga and its metropolitan area. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted of 133 hikers, mean age 51.28 years. Body composition was determined by body mass index, fat percentage and waist circumference. Variables were analyzed as measures of central tendencies or frequencies, depending on their nature. Statistically significant differences were established by Fisher's exact test and Student's t-test, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: Mean time of hiking practice was 4 years. Of the total participants, 93.23 percent practice hiking with a weekly frequency, 52.63 percent are overweight / obese, 33.08 percenthave abdominal obesity, and 31.58 percent are obese in terms of fat percentage. No statistically significant differences were found between the sexes. Conclusions: Levels of overweight / obesity, central obesity, and fat percentage obesity among hikers are similar to those of the general population. It is recommended to implement a nutrition education program. It is suggested that future research approaches the remaining components of physical condition in the light of health and biological risk factors(AU)

Mycosis Fungoides Associated With Lesions in the Spectrum of Primary Cutaneous CD30+ Lymphoproliferative Disorders: The Same Process or 3 Coexisting Lymphomas?

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is the most common type of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, primary cutaneous CD30 lymphoproliferative disorders (pc CD30 LPD) being the second most prevalent. There is evidence that MF and pc CD30 LPD may coexist and share T-cell clonality, suggesting a common origin. These findings were supported by a T-cell receptor clonality assessment by the polymerase chain reaction coupled with capillary electrophoresis, although results produced by this method may be ambiguous. We describe an otherwise healthy 46-year-old man who developed, over the course of 5 months, a tumor consisting of primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and, subsequently, several papules of lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP). Both lymphomas appeared on a single patch of MF, which had been present on the patient's right buttock for at least 2 years. T-cell receptor clonality of the 3 types of neoplastic lesions and apparently non-involved skin were assessed by a next-generation sequencing-based method. We found that MF, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma and LyP harbored the same top 2 clones. Non-involved skin harbored other T-cell clones. In this patient, these findings suggest that MF, LyP and pc CD30 LPD were different clinicopathological manifestations arising from the neoplastic proliferation of the same T-cell clone.

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma surgical treatment in paediatric patients. / Tratamiento quirúrgico del angiofibroma nasofaríngeo juvenil en pacientes pediátricos.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a highly vascularised benign neoplasm of complex treatment in its surgical preparation, surgery to be performed, risks and recurrences. The aim of the study was to analyze the management and surgical treatment for the pathology of juvenile nasoangiofibroma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the clinical histories and images of the patients who underwent surgery with a pathology result of juvenile nasoangiofibroma in the period from January 2008 to December 2016. RESULTS: Sixty-one cases were treated; all of them treated using the same surgical access by means of a Le Fort I osteotomy. All of the patients were male, with an average age of 13.3 years. The Andrew-Fish classification was used for staging the cases, most were staged as grade II and I. CONCLUSIONS: The described approach provided extensive surgical access, which was adequate for the different stages of the tumour. It requires experience to be able to resect the tumour with the least possible bleeding.

Factors associated with complications during endoscopic esophageal dilation.

BACKGROUND: endoscopic dilation is considered as the treatment of choice for esophageal strictures. However, there are no studies in our region that have assessed the safety of the procedure. OBJECTIVE: to assess the safety of esophageal dilation and the factors associated with the development of complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: a retrospective cohort was studied. All patients referred for esophageal dilation between January 2015 and June 2017 were included in the study. A complication rate was obtained and the association between nonadherence to the "rule of 3" and the development of complications was determined. Other predictive factors associated with complication development were also analyzed. RESULTS: a total of 164 patients that underwent 474 dilations were included in the study. Surgical anastomosis stricture was the most prevalent etiology. A total of six complications occurred, including three perforations (0.63%), two bleeding events (0.42%) and one episode of significant pain that required post-procedure observation (0.21%). Endoscopic esophageal dilation without adherence to the "rule of 3" was not associated with a higher risk of complications. Balloon dilation was the only predictive factor for complications. CONCLUSIONS: esophageal dilation is a safe procedure. Nonadherence to the "rule of 3" does not appear to be associated with a higher risk of complications, including esophageal perforation.

[Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of upper gastrointestinal bleeding for the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud)]. / Guía de práctica clínica para la evaluación y el manejo de la hemorragia digestiva alta en el Seguro Social del Perú (EsSalud).

OBJECTIVE: To provide evidence-based clinical recommendations for the evaluation and management of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGB) in the Peruvian Social Security (EsSalud). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A local guideline development group (local GDG) was established, including specialists in gastroenterology and methodologists. The local GDG formulated 11 clinical questions to be answered by this clinical practice guide (CPG). We searched and selected CPG of UGB published from 2012, which answered the posed questions and obtained a score higher than 60% in domains 1 and 3 of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE-II) tool. During September 2017, bibliographic searches were conducted in Pubmed, to update 9 clinical questions of the preselected CPGs, and to answer 2 de novo questions. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. In periodic work meetings, the local GDG reviewed the evidence and formulated the recommendations, points of good clinical practice and the flowchart of evaluation and management, using the GRADE methodology Lastly, the CPG was approved with Resolución N° 80-IETSI-ESSALUD-2017. RESULTS: This CPG addressed 11 clinical questions, divided into four themes: risk assessment, initial management, management of non-variceal UGB, and management of variceal UGB. Based on these questions, 10 recommendations (7 strong recommendations and 3 weak recommendations), 24 points of good clinical practice, and 2 flow charts were formulated. CONCLUSION: This article is the summary of the EsSalud' CPG, where the available scientific evidence on evaluation and management of UGB was evaluated.

Actividad física en el tiempo libre y consumo de frutas y verduras en estudiantes universitarios / Physical activity during leisure time and consumption of fruits and vegetables in university students / Atividade física no tempo livre e consumo de frutas e verduras em estudantes universitarios

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el consumo de frutas y verduras, tabaquismo y consumo perjudicial de alcohol y la actividad física en cada dominio en estudiantes universitarios de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Metodología: Estudio analítico de corte transversal en estudiantes (n=385) de una universidad privada de Bucaramanga, en el año 2016. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística. Para la recolección de la información se aplicó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas de la Organización Mundial de la salud. Se solicitó el consentimiento informado por escrito a los participantes. Resultados: El 39,48% de los estudiantes participantes eran físicamente inactivos. El 52,21% presentó consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol. El 16,88% fuma de manera regular y el 87,21% reportó un bajo consumo de frutas y verduras. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, la actividad física en el tiempo libre resultó asociada con el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras (OR: 0,48, IC 95%: 0,24, 0,96, p=0,040). Conclusiones: Los estudiantes que realizan más actividad física durante el tiempo libre tienen menor probabilidad de presentar bajo consumo de frutas y verduras. Es importante implementar estrategias que promuevan la adquisición de hábitos de vida saludable en población universitaria con el n de disminuir el riesgo futuro de padecer enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles.

Objective: To assess the association between low intake of fruits and vegetables, smoking and harmful alcohol consumption with physical activity in each domain in university students from Bucaramanga, Colombia. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study carried out with university students (n=385) from a private university of Bucaramanga. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed using logistic regression models. The Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factor Surveillance from the World Health Organization was applied to collect data. Written informed consent was requested from the participants of the study. Results: It was found that 39.48% of participants were physically inactive, 52.21% had excesive episodic alcohol consumption,16.88% smoked regularly, and 87.21% reported low consumption of fruits and vegetables. After adjusting gender, age and socioeconomic level, physical activity during leisure time was associated with low consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR: 0.48, IC 95%: 0.24, 0.96, p=0.040). Conclusions: Students who perform more physical activity during leisure time are less likely to have low consumption of fruits and vegetables. It is important to implement strategies that promote the acquisition of healthy habits in university students in order to reduce future risk of suffering noncommunicable diseases.

Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o consumo de frutas e verduras, tabaquismo e consumo prejudicial de álcool e a atividade física em cada domínio em estudantes universitários de Bucaramanga, Colômbia. Metodologia: Estudo analítico de corte transversal em estudantes (n=385) de uma universidade privada de Bucaramanga, no ano 2016. Realizam análise descritiva, bivariados e múltiples usando modelos de regressão logística. Para a coleta da informação se aplicou o questionário para a vigilância de fatores de risco de doenças crônicas da Organização Mundial da saúde. Solicitou-se o consentimento informado por escrito aos participantes. Resultados: O 39,48% dos estudantes participantes eram sicamente inativos. O 52,21% apresentou consumo excessivo episódico de álcool. O 16,88% fuma de maneira regular e o 87,21% mostrou um menor consumo de frutas e verduras. Depois de ajustar por sexo, idade e nível socioeconômico, a atividade física no tempo livre resultou associada com o baixo consumo de frutas e verduras (OR: 0,48, IC 95%: 0,24, 0,96, p=0,040). Conclusões: Os estudantes que realizam mais atividade física durante o tempo livre têm menor probabilidade de apresentar baixo consumo de frutas e verduras. È importante estabelecer estratégias que promovam a aquisição de hábitos de vida saudável em povoação universitária com o m de diminuir o risco futuro de padecer doenças crônicas não transmissíveis.

[Prevalence of modifiable behavioral risk factors associated to non-communicable diseases in Latin American college students: a systematic review]. / Prevalencia de factores de riesgo comportamentales modificables asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos: una revisión sistemática.

INTRODUCTION: Physical inactivity, smoking, harmful use of alcohol and an unhealthy diet are considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the four main behavioral risk factors that increase the risk of suffering non-communicable diseases. OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of the behavioral risk factors in college students according to the scientific database analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic review was carried out with 585 articles analyzed through electronic search in academic databases. After the analysis, 93 studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. RESULTS: The final mean of the prevalence found in the articles analyzed was of 52,57% ± 22,53% for physical inactivity, 22,61% ± 12,91% for smoking, 26,2 (RI 24,5) for harmful use of alcohol and 81,3% ± 16,3% for low intake of fruits and vegetables. CONCLUSIONS: The results show the existence of an unhealthy lifestyle in Latin-American college students.