Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Prognóstico , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Leucocitose/etiologia , Adolescente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Aloenxertos , Síndrome de Bronquiolite ObliteranteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Several studies have described a potential anti-tumour effect of cannabinoids (CNB). CNB receptor 2 (CB2) is mostly present in hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). The present study evaluates the anti-leukaemic effect of CNB. METHODS: Cell lines and primary cells from acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients were used and the effect of the CNB derivative WIN-55 was evaluated in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo. RESULTS: We demonstrate a potent antileukemic effect of WIN-55 which is abolished with CB antagonists. WIN-treated mice, xenografted with AML cells, had better survival as compared to vehicle or cytarabine. DNA damage-related genes were affected upon exposure to WIN. Co-incubation with the PARP inhibitor Olaparib prevented WIN-induced cell death, suggesting PARP-mediated apoptosis which was further confirmed with the translocation of AIF to the nucleus observed in WIN-treated cells. Nicotinamide prevented WIN-related apoptosis, indicating NAD+ depletion. Finally, WIN altered glycolytic enzymes levels as well as the activity of G6PDH. These effects are reversed through PARP1 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS: WIN-55 exerts an antileukemic effect through Parthanatos, leading to translocation of AIF to the nucleus and depletion of NAD+, which are reversed through PARP1 inhibition. It also induces metabolic disruptions. These effects are not observed in normal HSC.
Assuntos
Leucemia Mieloide Aguda , Parthanatos , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/metabolismo , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patologia , Parthanatos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Inibidores de Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/farmacologia , Piperazinas/farmacologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerase-1/metabolismo , Canabinoides/farmacologia , Ftalazinas/farmacologia , Poli(ADP-Ribose) Polimerases/metabolismo , Dano ao DNA/efeitos dos fármacos , Morte Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologiaRESUMO
This multicenter phase I trial was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of bortezomib (Bz) as part of both the conditioning regimen and the graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis. Patients received fludarabine, melphalan and Bz (days -9 and -2). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of Bz (days +1, +4, and +7), sirolimus (Siro) from day -5 and tacrolimus (Tk) from -3 (except the first five patients that did not receive Tk). Twenty-five patients with poor prognostic multiple myeloma were included. Eleven out of the 19 patients had high-risk features. Out of the 21 patients evaluable at day +100, 14 were in CR (67%) and 7 (33%) in PR. Cumulative incidence (CI) of nonrelapse mortality at 1 year was 24%. CI of grades 2-4 and 3-4 acute GvHD was 35% and 10%, respectively; CI of chronic GvHD was 35% and 55% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Overall and event free survival at 2 years were 64% and 31%, respectively. Bz as part of the conditioning regimen and in the combination with Siro/tacrolimus for GvHD prophylaxis is safe and effective allowing an optimal disease control early after transplant and reducing the risk of GvHD.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Mieloma Múltiplo , Bortezomib/uso terapêutico , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiplo/terapia , Tacrolimo , Condicionamento Pré-TransplanteRESUMO
Ring 21 is an unstable structural abnormality of chromosome 21 that can lead to RUNX1 gene amplification. We present a unique case with a carrier patient of a constitutional ring chromosome 21 (partial monosomy and trisomy 21) with dysmorphic features and congenital malformations phenotype, who developed acute myeloid leukaemia with myelodysplasia-related changes and two ring 21 chromosomes with RUNX1 amplification. The patient's constitutional ring 21 chromosome showed alterations in tumour suppressor genes, and oncogenes, but not in RUNX1. RUNX1 gene expression at acute myeloid leukaemia diagnosis, showed no upregulation, so other genes may also be the genetic amplification targets in this patient. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assuntos
Subunidade alfa 2 de Fator de Ligação ao Core/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/genética , Síndromes Mielodisplásicas/genética , Pré-Escolar , Cromossomos Humanos Par 21/genética , Feminino , Amplificação de Genes , Humanos , Cromossomos em AnelRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chromosomal rearrangements involving NUP98 gene have been associated with human leukemias such as de novo AML, therapy-related AML (t-AML), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9, caused by t(7;11)(p15;p15), is a recurrent cytogenetic alteration in de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML) usually found in young Asian patients and its description in therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MN) is rare. Only one Asian case with molecular demonstration of the NUP98-HOXA9 fusion has been reported in therapy-related leukemia. NUP98-HOXA9 leukemogenic mechanism is derived from the transcription factor activity of the chimeric protein, which enhances the expression of genes related to cellular differentiation arrest and proliferation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We studied a Caucasian woman with a therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after Ewing's sarcoma. Molecular demonstration of the genetic fusion NUP98-HOXA9 was performed by RT-PCR, and gene expression was analyzed by real-time PCR, including four AML patients with MLL rearrangements for comparative analysis. Cytologic and flow cytometric analysis was also carried out. RESULTS: After cytologic and flow cytometric analysis diagnostics was therapy-related myeloid neoplasm (t-MN). The major component of blasts in the acute leukemia was with neutrophilic differentiation, but 13% erythroid lineage blasts were also found. Cytogenetic and FISH analysis revealed t(7;11)(p15;p15) and NUP98-HOXA9 fusion gene was demonstrated. Gene expression analysis showed upregulation of EVI1 and MEIS1 in the index patient, both of them previously related to a worst outcome. CONCLUSION: In this work, we include a detailed molecular, clinical, cytological, and cytometric study of the second t-AML bearing NUP98-HOXA9 genetic fusion.
Assuntos
Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Expressão Gênica , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/etiologia , Células Mieloides/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Segunda Neoplasia Primária , Complexo de Proteínas Formadoras de Poros Nucleares/genética , Proteínas de Fusão Oncogênica/genética , Proto-Oncogenes/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Tirosina Quinase 3 Semelhante a fms/genética , Adolescente , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Gerenciamento Clínico , Feminino , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Imunofenotipagem , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/diagnóstico , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamento farmacológico , Proteína do Locus do Complexo MDS1 e EVI1 , Proteína Meis1 , Translocação GenéticaAssuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Medula Óssea/patologia , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/diagnóstico , Reação do Ácido Periódico de Schiff , Vacúolos/patologia , Idoso , Antígenos CD/genética , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Medula Óssea/metabolismo , Ciclofosfamida , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Doxorrubicina , Raios gama , Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Hematológicas/genética , Neoplasias Hematológicas/patologia , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Cuidados Paliativos , Prednisona , Vacúolos/metabolismo , VincristinaRESUMO
Large studies, mostly based on series of patients receiving CSA/tacrolimus (TKR) plus MTX as immunoprophylaxis, have demonstrated a deleterious effect on survival of the presence of a single mismatch out of eight loci after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (alloHSCT). We retrospectively analyzed a series of 159 adult patients who received sirolimus(SRL)/TKR prophylaxis after alloHSCT. We compared overall outcomes according to HLA compatibility in A, B, C and DRB1 loci at the allele level: 7/8 (n=20) vs 8/8 (n=139). Donor type was unrelated in 95% vs 70% among 7/8 vs 8/8 pairs, respectively (P=0.01). No significant differences were observed in 3-year OS (68 vs 62%), 3-year EFS (53 vs 49%) and 1-year non-relapse mortality (9 vs 13%). Cumulative incidence of grades II-IV acute GVHD (aGVHD) was significantly higher in 7/8 alloHSCT (68% vs 42%, P<0.001) but no significant differences were found for III-IV aGVHD (4.5% vs 11%), overall (35% vs 53%) and extensive (20% vs 35%) chronic GHVD in 7/8 vs 8/8 subgroups, respectively. In summary, the present study indicates favorable outcomes after alloHSCT using the combination of SRL/TKR combination as GVHD prophylaxis with OS in the range of 55-70%, and non-significant differences in overall outcomes, irrespective of the presence of any mismatches at obligatory loci.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Antígenos HLA , Imunossupressores/administração & dosagem , Sirolimo/administração & dosagem , Transplante de Células-Tronco , Tacrolimo/administração & dosagem , Condicionamento Pré-Transplante , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Aloenxertos , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/mortalidade , Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro/prevenção & controle , Neoplasias Hematológicas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Hematológicas/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Taxa de SobrevidaRESUMO
Frequency of additional chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is estimated to be 7% in chronic phase and increases to 40-70% in advanced disease. Progression of CML from chronic phase to accelerated phase or blast crisis is often associated with secondary chromosomal aberrations. We report an exceptional case of CML as debut in lymphoblastic blast crisis and a subsequent progression in myeloblastic blast crisis with rare cytogenetic abnormalities.
RESUMO
PRAME is a tumor associated antigen (TAA) of particular interest since it is widely expressed by lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. Several studies have associated high PRAME RNA levels with good prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). PRAME expression is regulated at the epigenetic level. For this reason inhibitors of DNA methylation, such as 5-azacytidine, can modulate the expression of this TAAs. In the current study we analyzed the effect of 5-azaC on the expression of PRAME in blasts versus CD34+ cells from healthy donors in an attempt to increase its expression, thus inducing a potential target for therapeutic strategies.