RESUMO
UNLABELLED: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising method for both investigation and therapeutic treatment of psychiatric and neurologic disorders and, more recently, for brain mapping. This study describes the application of navigated TMS for motor cortex mapping in patients with a brain tumor located close to the precentral gyrus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this prospective study, six patients with low-grade gliomas in or near the precentral gyrus underwent TMS, and their motor responses were correlated to locations in the cortex around the lesion, generating a functional map overlaid on three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the brain. To determine the accuracy of this new method, we compared TMS mapping with the gold standard mapping with direct cortical electrical stimulation in surgery. The same navigation system and TMS-generated map were used during the surgical resection procedure. RESULTS: The motor cortex could be clearly mapped using both methods. The locations corresponding to the hand and forearm, found during intraoperative mapping, showed a close spatial relationship to the homotopic areas identified by TMS mapping. The mean distance between TMS and direct cortical electrical stimulation (DES) was 4.16 ± 1.02 mm (range: 2.56-5.27 mm). CONCLUSION: Preoperative mapping of the motor cortex with navigated TMS prior to brain tumor resection is a useful presurgical planning tool with good accuracy.
RESUMO
O citomegalovírus Humano (HCMV) é um agente viral que acomete indivíduos imunocomprometidos e recém nascidos,causando uma variedade de doenças graves e podendo levar ao óbito. Recentes evidências indicam que o HCMV está envolvido no processo de progressão tumoral. Estudos demonstraram que o DNA viral e proteínas virais estão presentes em diferentes tipos de câncer; proteínas virais são capazes de interferir com a progressão do ciclo celular, apoptose e ativação do sistema imune e há indicações de que a infecção de células tumorais pelo HCMV aumenta a malignidade das mesmas.Estas descobertas levaram à criação do termo oncomodulação,definido como a habilidade do vírus em promover um processo tumoral. Os estudos do papel do HCMV no processo de malignidade de tumores estão avançando enormemente e um melhor entendimento do fenômeno de oncomodulação é essencial para elucidação da participação do HCMV na progressão de tumores e para determinação de proteínas virais que podem ser alvo terapêutico em certos tipos de cânceres.Esta revisão discute os mecanismos envolvidos na oncogênese e oncomodulação de gliomas malignos promovidas pelo HCMV.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important viral pathogen that causes a variety of diseases in imunocompromised individuals and newborns that can culminate in death. Recent evidences indicate that HCMV is involved in tumor progression.Studies demonstrated that the viral DNA and proteins are present in many types of cancer tissues; viral proteins are able to interfere with cell cycle, apoptosis and the immune system.In addition, there are indications that the infection of tumor cells by HCMV increases their malignity. These evidences led to the creation of the term oncomodulation, defined as the abilityof the virus to promote tumor progression. The studies ofthe HCMV role in the process of tumor malignity are rapidlyadvancing and a better understanding of the oncomodulation phenomenon is essential to clarify the participation of HCMV in malignancy and for the determination of specific viral proteins that can be therapeutic targets in certain tumor types. This review discusses the mechanisms of tumor progression and oncomodulation promoted by HCMV in malignant gliomas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Citomegalovirus , Glioma , OncogenesRESUMO
Os autores descrevem o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, de 66 anos de idade, com lesão neoplásica gástrica Borrmann IV, desde 2 cm do cárdia até a região pré-pilórica, cujo exame anatomopatológico revelou adenocarcinoma tubulopapilífero pouco diferenciado. O mesmo paciente era portador de gioblastoma multiforme do lobo temporal esquerdo. Neoplasias malignas orimárias múltipals que incluam neoplasias cerebrais primárias são raras, havendo apenas 17 casos descritos na literatura. Os autores discutem a etiopatogenia dessa infrequente patologia.