Utilidad de la ecografía transvaginal para la predicción de parto prematuro luego de un cerclaje cervical: revisión de la literatura / Value of transvaginal ultrasound for preterm labour prediction after a cervical cerclage: a review of the literature

Introducción : el tratamiento de la insuficiencia cervical es el cerclaje cervical. Pese a este tratamiento el riesgo de parto prematuro persiste elevado en mujeres con insuficiencia cervical. La mejor forma y utilidad del seguimiento ecográfico de mujeres cercladas es desconocida. El objetivo de esta revisión fue evaluar la capacidad pronóstica de la ecografía transvaginal para predecir riesgo de parto prematuro luego de un cerclaje cervical. Materiales y métodos : realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura incluyendo estudios que evaluaran el valor pronóstico de la ecografía transvaginal luego de un cerclaje cervical, para predecir parto prematuro. Resultados : incluimos 14 estudios en la revisión. El parámetro más frecuentemente asociado con parto prematuro fue la longitud cervical posterior al cerclaje, aunque con capacidad predictiva moderada. El punto de corte para definir pacientes en riesgo varió entre 15-28 mm. Conclusión : la longitud cervical disminuida posterior a un cerclaje se asocia con mayor riesgo de parto prematuro. No se ha establecido un valor de corte único ni la utilidad clínica del seguimiento ecográfico de mujeres cercladas.

Introduction : The management of cervical insufficiency involves a cervical cerclage. Despite this treatment, patients with cervical insufficiency remain at high risk of preterm delivery. The best method and utility of ultrasound monitoring for women with cervical cerclage is unknown. The objective of this revision was to evaluate the prognostic performance of ultrasonographic cervical assessment to predict preterm labor after a cervical cerclage. Material and methods : We conducted a systematic literature review, including studies that assessed the prognostic value of transvaginal ultrasound after cervical cerclage in predicting premature birth. Results : We included 14 studies in our review. The most frequently evaluated parameter was cervical length after the cerclage, although with only moderate predictive capacity. The length used to define prognosis varied from 15 to 28 mm. Conclusion : Short cervical length after a cerclage is associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. A single cutoff value and the clinical utility of ultrasound monitoring for women with cervical cerclage have not been established.

Exploratory study of ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation and age of onset of bipolar disorder.

BACKGROUND: Sunlight contains ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation that triggers the production of vitamin D by skin. Vitamin D has widespread effects on brain function in both developing and adult brains. However, many people live at latitudes (about > 40 N or S) that do not receive enough UVB in winter to produce vitamin D. This exploratory study investigated the association between the age of onset of bipolar I disorder and the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production in a large global sample. METHODS: Data for 6972 patients with bipolar I disorder were obtained at 75 collection sites in 41 countries in both hemispheres. The best model to assess the relation between the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production and age of onset included 1 or more months below the threshold, family history of mood disorders, and birth cohort. All coefficients estimated at P ≤ 0.001. RESULTS: The 6972 patients had an onset in 582 locations in 70 countries, with a mean age of onset of 25.6 years. Of the onset locations, 34.0% had at least 1 month below the threshold for UVB sufficient for vitamin D production. The age of onset at locations with 1 or more months of less than or equal to the threshold for UVB was 1.66 years younger. CONCLUSION: UVB and vitamin D may have an important influence on the development of bipolar disorder. Study limitations included a lack of data on patient vitamin D levels, lifestyles, or supplement use. More study of the impacts of UVB and vitamin D in bipolar disorder is needed to evaluate this supposition.

Postcardiac Surgery Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Patients on Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) use and complications (euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis [eDKA] rate, mortality, infection, hospital, and cardiovascular intensive care unit [CVICU] length of stay [LOS]) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. DESIGN: A retrospective study. SETTING: At an academic university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery. INTERVENTIONS: SGLT2i use versus no SGLT2i use. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The authors evaluated patients undergoing cardiac surgery within 24 hours of hospital admission (between February 2, 2019 to May 26, 2022) for SGLT2i prevalence and eDKA frequency. The outcomes were compared using Wilcoxon rank sum and chi-square testing as appropriate. The cohort included 1,654 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, of whom 53 (3.2%) were prescribed an SGLT2i before surgery; 8 (15.1%) of 53 had eDKA. The authors found no differences between patients with and without SGLT2i use in hospital LOS (median [IQR]: 4.5 [3.5-6.3] v 4.4 [3.4-5.6] days, p = 0.46) or CVICU LOS (median [IQR]: 1.2 [1.0-2.2] v 1.1 [1.0-1.9] days, p = 0.22), 30-day mortality (1.9% v 0.7%, p = 0.31), or sternal infections (0.0% v 0.3%, p = 0.69). Among patients prescribed an SGLT2i, those with and without eDKA had similar hospital LOS (5.1 [4.0-5.8] v 4.4 [3.4-6.3], p = 0.76); however, CVICU LOS was longer in patients with eDKA (2.2 [1.5-2.9] v 1.2 [0.9-2.0], p = 0.042). Mortality (0.0% v 2.2%, p = 0.67) and wound infections (0.0% v 0.0%, p > 0.99) were similarly rare. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative eDKA occurred in 15% of patients on an SGLT2i prior to cardiac surgery, and was associated with longer CVICU LOS. Future studies into SGLT2i management perioperatively are important.

Estado de situación de las áreas de investigación provinciales / Progress report on provincial health research areas

INTRODUCCIÓN: A través de la Red Ministerial de Investigación en Salud (REMINSA) se actualizó el estado de situación de las áreas provinciales de investigación en salud pública. MÉTODOS: Se realizaron reuniones virtuales de debate con los referentes REMINSA y una encuesta en Google Forms® sobre funcionamiento normativo, organizacional, presupuestario, alcance de tareas y necesidades de mejoras. RESULTADOS: Se recibieron 21 respuestas de un total de 21 provincias con referentes. Se verificó la existencia de un amplio marco de normativas regulatorias de la investigación en salud humana y, en menor medida, para impulsar la investigación en el marco de la salud pública. El 71% tiene cierta estructura institucional, el 20% ofrece becas de investigación, y el 20% posee residencias con perfil en investigación. La principal actividad es la regulación o participación en comités de ética. La promoción, difusión de resultados y elaboración de proyectos de investigación basada en evidencia quedaron relegadas (20%). Las áreas de investigación están consolidadas en la mayoría de las provincias. DISCUSIÓN: El desafío consiste en promover el desarrollo de estos sistemas en las provincias que no cuentan con áreas ministeriales y fortalecer las provincias que sí las poseen. REMINSA ha identificado oportunidades de mejorar la comunicación entre jurisdicciones, las normativas de promoción de la investigación y el trabajo en red para la investigación, la gestión y la toma de decisiones.

A new non-aggregative splicing isoform of human Tau is decreased in Alzheimer's disease.

Tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with Tau pathology (FTLD-tau), are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by Tau hyperphosphorylation. Post-translational modifications of Tau such as phosphorylation and truncation have been demonstrated to be an essential step in the molecular pathogenesis of these tauopathies. In this work, we demonstrate the existence of a new, human-specific truncated form of Tau generated by intron 12 retention in human neuroblastoma cells and, to a higher extent, in human RNA brain samples, using qPCR and further confirming the results on a larger database of human RNA-seq samples. Diminished protein levels of this new Tau isoform are found by Westernblotting in Alzheimer's patients' brains (Braak I n = 3; Braak II n = 6, Braak III n = 3, Braak IV n = 1, and Braak V n = 10, Braak VI n = 8) with respect to non-demented control subjects (n = 9), suggesting that the lack of this truncated isoform may play an important role in the pathology. This new Tau isoform exhibits similar post-transcriptional modifications by phosphorylation and affinity for microtubule binding, but more interestingly, is less prone to aggregate than other Tau isoforms. Finally, we present evidence suggesting this new Tau isoform could be linked to the inhibition of GSK3ß, which would mediate intron 12 retention by modulating the serine/arginine rich splicing factor 2 (SRSF2). Our results show the existence of an important new isoform of Tau and suggest that further research on this less aggregation-prone Tau may help to develop future therapies for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies.

The Prevalence of Anti-Zein Antibodies: A Comparative Study between Celiac Disease and Irritable Bowel Syndrome.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated enteropathy triggered by exposure to dietary gluten in genetically predisposed individuals. In contrast, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting the large intestine, without an autoimmune component. Here, we evaluated the prevalence of IgA and IgG antibodies to maize zeins (AZA) in patients with CD and IBS. Using an in-house ELISA assay, the IgA and IgG anti-zein antibodies in the serum of 37 newly diagnosed CD (16 biopsy proved and 21 serological diagnosis) and 375 IBS patients or 302 healthy control (HC) subjects were measured. Elevated levels of IgA AZA were found in CD patients compared with IBS patients (p < 0.01) and HC (p < 0.05). CD patients had the highest prevalence (35.1%), followed by IBS (4.3%) and HCs (2.3%) (p < 0.0001). IgG AZA antibodies were not found in any CD patients, IBS patients, or HC subjects. A significant positive correlation was found between IgA AZA with IgA anti-gliadin (AGA, r = 0.34, p < 0.01) and IgA anti-deaminated gliadin peptides (DGP, r = 0.42, p < 0.001) in the celiac disease group. Taken together, our results show for the first time a higher prevalence of AZA IgA antibodies in newly diagnosed CD patients than in IBS patients, confirming a biased immune response to other gliadin-related prolamins such as maize zeins in genetically susceptible individuals.

Huntington's disease-specific mis-splicing unveils key effector genes and altered splicing factors.

Correction of mis-splicing events is a growing therapeutic approach for neurological diseases such as spinal muscular atrophy or neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 7, which are caused by splicing-affecting mutations. Mis-spliced effector genes that do not harbour mutations are also good candidate therapeutic targets in diseases with more complex aetiologies such as cancer, autism, muscular dystrophies or neurodegenerative diseases. Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has boosted investigation of global mis-splicing in diseased tissue to identify such key pathogenic mis-spliced genes. Nevertheless, while analysis of tumour or dystrophic muscle biopsies can be informative on early stage pathogenic mis-splicing, for neurodegenerative diseases, these analyses are intrinsically hampered by neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in post-mortem brains. To infer splicing alterations relevant to Huntington's disease pathogenesis, here we performed intersect-RNA-seq analyses of human post-mortem striatal tissue and of an early symptomatic mouse model in which neuronal loss and gliosis are not yet present. Together with a human/mouse parallel motif scan analysis, this approach allowed us to identify the shared mis-splicing signature triggered by the Huntington's disease-causing mutation in both species and to infer upstream deregulated splicing factors. Moreover, we identified a plethora of downstream neurodegeneration-linked mis-spliced effector genes that-together with the deregulated splicing factors-become new possible therapeutic targets. In summary, here we report pathogenic global mis-splicing in Huntington's disease striatum captured by our new intersect-RNA-seq approach that can be readily applied to other neurodegenerative diseases for which bona fide animal models are available.

Update process ofthe National Agenda for Public Health Research 2021-2022 / Proceso de actualización de la agenda nacional de investigación en salud pública 2021-2022

RESUMEN INTRODUCCIÓN : Una Agenda Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (ANISP) participativa y con priorización temática constituye un elemento estratégico para generar recomendaciones y políticas públicas basadas en evidencia, que imparten positivamente en la salud de las poblaciones y permitan lograr los objetivos sanitarios. En la actualización de la ANISP participaron la Dirección de Investigación en Salud (DIS) del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (MSAL), a través de la Red Ministerial de Investigación en Salud (REMINSA), y actores de los niveles gubernamentales provinciales y nacionales pertenecientes a los sectores público, privado, de la salud, académico y de investigación. Se adaptó la herramienta original propuesta por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, utilizada en el proceso en 2019. La actualización abarcó diferentes etapas. La selección de los temas contó con la legitimidad, reconocimiento y participación de los actores vinculados a la salud, a la gestión gubernamental y privada y a la investigación científica; se trabajó de manera federal y transversal, por consenso con las redes provinciales y un Comité Central Asesor en el MSAL. A partir de los lineamientos preliminares obtenidos, se elaboró una encuesta en línea semiestructurada, que fue distribuida a todos los actores federales y recibió 431 respuestas. El proceso resultó en 55 lineamientos priorizados, divididos en 6 áreas temáticas y 33 subtemas, seleccionados por votación según importancia, impacto y factibilidad.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION : A participatory National Public Health Research Agenda (ANISP) with thematic prioritization is a strategic element to generóte evidence-based recommendations and public policies that have a positive impact on the health of populations and enable to achieve health objectives. The Directorate of Health Research (DIS) ofthe Argentine Ministry of Health (MSAL), through the Ministerial NetWork of Health Research (REMINSA), along with adors from the provincial and national government levels belonging to public, privóte, health, academic and research sectors participated in the update of the ANISP. They adapted the original tooI proposed by the Pan American Health Organizatlon and used in the process in 2019. The update included different stages. The selection ofthe topics had the legitimacy, recognition and participation ofthe actors involved, related to health, to government and privóte management and to scientific research; the work was conducted in a federal and transversal manner by consensus with the provincial networks and a Central Advisory Committee in the MSAL. Based on the preliminary guidelines obtained, a semi-structured online survey was developed and distributed to all federal actors, receiving 431 responses. The process resulted in 55 priorilized guidelines, divided into 6 thematic oreas and 33 sub-themes, selected by voting according to importance, impact and feasibility.

Proceso de actualización de la Agenda Nacional de Investigación Salud Pública 2021-2022 / Update process of the National Agenda for Public Health Research 2021-2022

INTRODUCCIÓN: Una Agenda Nacional de Investigación en Salud Pública (ANISP) participativa y con priorización temática constituye un elemento estratégico para generar recomendaciones y políticas públicas basadas en evidencia, que impacten positivamente en la salud de las poblaciones y permitan lograr los objetivos sanitarios. En la actualización de la ANISP participaron la Dirección de Investigación en Salud (DIS) del Ministerio de Salud de la Nación (MSAL), a través de la Red Ministerial de Investigación en Salud (REMINSA), y actores de los niveles gubernamentales provinciales y nacionales pertenecientes a los sectores público, privado, de la salud, académico y de investigación. Se adaptó la herramienta original propuesta por la Organización Panamericana de la Salud, utilizada en el proceso en 2019. La actualización abarcó diferentes etapas. La selección de los temas contó con la legitimidad, reconocimiento y participación de los actores vinculados a la salud, a la gestión gubernamental y privada y a la investigación científica; se trabajó de manera federal y transversal, por consenso con las redes provinciales y un Comité Central Asesor en el MSAL. A partir de los lineamientos preliminares obtenidos, se elaboró una encuesta en línea semiestructurada, que fue distribuida a todos los actores federales y recibió 431 respuestas. El proceso resultó en 55 lineamientos priorizados, divididos en 6 áreas temáticas y 33 subtemas, seleccionados por votación según importancia, impacto y factibilidad

Analysis of the Gene Expression Profile of Stromal Pro-Tumor Factors in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts from Luminal Breast Carcinomas.

Luminal tumors are the most frequent type of breast carcinomas showing less tumor aggressiveness, although heterogeneity exists in their clinical outcomes. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a key component of the tumor stroma which contribute to tumor progression. We investigated by real-time PCR the gene expression of 19 factors implicated in tumor progression. Those factors included the calcium-binding protein S100A4, several growth factors (FGF2, FGF7, HGF, PDGFA, PDGFB, TGFß, VEGFA, and IGF2), and we also studied inflammatory cytokines (IL6 and IL8), chemokines (CCL2, CXCL12), important proteases (uPA, MMP2, MMP9 and MMP11), the nuclear factor NFκB, and the metalloprotease inhibitor TIMP1, from luminal A and luminal B breast carcinoma CAFs. We performed a similar analysis after co-culturing CAFs with MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines. MMP-9 and CCL2 gene expressions were higher in CAFs from luminal B tumors. We also found different patterns in the induction of pro-tumoral factors from different CAFs populations co-cultured with different cancer cell lines. Globally, CAFs from luminal B tumors showed a higher expression of pro-tumor factors compared to CAFs from luminal A tumors when co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, we found that CAFs from metastatic tumors had higher IGF-2 gene expression, and we detected the same after co-culture with cell lines. Our results show the variability in the capacities of CAFs from luminal breast carcinomas, which may contribute to a better biological and clinical characterization of these cancer subtypes.

Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection and Perforated Viscus After Suction-Assisted Lipectomy.

Suction-assisted lipectomy (SAL) is a commonly performed cosmetic surgery in the United States and has been steadily increasing in popularity over the past few years. As more of these surgeries are performed, several rare but life-threatening complications are being recognized, including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs). NSTIs require rapid surgical intervention but can be challenging to diagnose, as skin manifestations may be difficult to differentiate from normal post-SAL changes. We present a case of a 44-year-old female who presented with signs of septic shock after SAL of her abdomen and back. She was ultimately found to have an NSTI of her abdominal wall, likely due to perforated viscus that occurred as a complication of her procedure. This case demonstrates the significance of recognizing NSTIs as a potential complication of SAL in ill-appearing patients with non-specific symptoms and septic shock.

Pathogenic SREK1 decrease in Huntington's disease lowers TAF1 mimicking X-linked dystonia parkinsonism.

Huntington's disease and X-linked dystonia parkinsonism are two monogenic basal ganglia model diseases. Huntington's disease is caused by a polyglutamine-encoding CAG repeat expansion in the Huntingtin (HTT) gene leading to several toxic interactions of both the expanded CAG-containing mRNA and the polyglutamine-containing protein, while X-linked dystonia parkinsonism is caused by a retrotransposon insertion in the TAF1 gene, which decreases expression of this core scaffold of the basal transcription factor complex TFIID. SRSF6 is an RNA-binding protein of the serine and arginine-rich (SR) protein family that interacts with expanded CAG mRNA and is sequestered into the characteristic polyglutamine-containing inclusion bodies of Huntington's disease brains. Here we report decreased levels of the SRSF6 interactor and regulator SREK1-another SR protein involved in RNA processing-which includes TAF1 as one of its targets. This led us to hypothesize that Huntington's disease and X-linked dystonia parkinsonism pathogeneses converge in TAF1 alteration. We show that diminishing SRSF6 through RNA interference in human neuroblastoma cells leads to a decrease in SREK1 levels, which, in turn, suffices to cause diminished TAF1 levels. We also observed decreased SREK1 and TAF1 levels in striatum of Huntington's disease patients and transgenic model mice. We then generated mice with neuronal transgenic expression of SREK1 (TgSREK1 mice) that, interestingly, showed transcriptomic alterations complementary to those in Huntington's disease mice. Most importantly, by combining Huntington's disease and TgSREK1 mice we verify that SREK1 overexpression corrects TAF1 deficiency and attenuates striatal atrophy and motor phenotype of Huntington's disease mice. Our results therefore demonstrate that altered RNA processing upon SREK1 dysregulation plays a key role in Huntington's disease pathogenesis and pinpoint TAF1 as a likely general determinant of selective vulnerability of the striatum in multiple neurological disorders.

Large pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm in a patient with Behçet's disease treated with an Amplatzer vascular plug.

This is the case of a 33-year-old man with Behçet's disease who presented with recurrent haemoptysis and a rapidly expanding right pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm. Due to the significant risk of major bleeding and death, he was promptly treated with an Amplatzer vascular plug.

Percepción de la persona adulta mayor acerca de los factores que determinan la participación al predeportivo voliocho del Cantón de Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica / Older Adults' Perception of the of the Factors that Determine Participation to the Pre-Sport Voliocho in Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica / Percepção da pessoa idosa sobre os fatores que determinam a participação no ginásio voliocho do Cantão De Santo Domingo De Heredia, Costa Rica

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue conocer los factores que determinan la participación de la persona adulta mayor en el predeportivo voliocho del cantón de Santo Domingo de Heredia. Este es un estudio de teoría fundamentada, con enfoque cualitativo. Participaron 20 personas adultas mayores con edades entre los 65 y 81 años, con 7 años o más de practicar el juego pre-deportivo del voleibol, llamado "voliocho". Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las técnicas de historia de vida, la entrevista semiestructurada y la observación pasiva. El análisis fue realizado por medio de la codificación en categorías establecidas por la Teoría Social Cognitiva de Bandura (1986). Los resultados muestran que los principales factores que determinan la participación son la autoeficacia percibida, los beneficios esperados, el autocontrol, las habilidades motrices, las relaciones del entorno social y el ambiente físico. En conclusión, se puede apreciar la importancia que tienen los factores personales, conductuales y ambientales, para poder iniciar y mantener, con el tiempo, cualquier programa físico-deportivo para las personas adultas mayores.

Abstract The objective of this research was to know the factors that determine the participation of the old people in the pre-sport voliocho at the canton of Santo Domingo, Heredia, Costa Rica. This is a grounded theory-based study with a qualitative approach. Twenty older adults participated, aged between 65 and 81 years, practicing pre-sport games for seven years or more. A life story methodology, a semi-structured interview, and the passive observation were used to collect the data. The analysis was carried out by means of the codification in categories established by the Social Cognitive Theory of Bandura (1986). The results show that the main factors of adherence are perceived self-efficacy, expected benefits, self-control, motor skills, social environment relationships, and physical environment. In conclusion, we can appreciate the importance of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors in order to initiate and maintain any physical-sport program in older adults over time.

Resumo O objetivo desta investigação foi conhecer os fatores que determinam a participação da pessoa idosa no ginásio voliocho do cantão de Santo Domingo de Heredia. Este é um estudo baseado em teoria com uma abordagem qualitativa. Participaram 20 pessoas idosas com idades entre 65 e 81 anos, com 7 anos ou mais de prática do jogo de vôlei, denominado "voliocho". Para a coleta dos dados, foram utilizadas as técnicas de história de vida, a entrevista semiestruturada e a observação passiva. A análise foi realizada por meio de codificação em categorias estabelecidas pela Teoria Social Cognitiva de Bandura (1986). Os resultados mostram que os principais fatores que determinam a participação são a auto eficácia percebida, os benefícios esperados, o autocontrole, as habilidades motoras, as relações do meio social e o ambiente físico. Em conclusão, se destaca a importância de fatores pessoais, comportamentais e ambientais, a fim de iniciar e manter qualquer programa de esportes físicos para pessoas idosas ao longo do tempo.

Relationship between volatile compounds and consumer-based sensory characteristics of bacon smoked with different Brazilian woods.

Bacon is a product made from pork meat that is subjected to curing, drying, and smoking. Researchers aim to associate the worldwide high-acceptance of such a product with the sensory and chemical properties of bacon. In this context, the objective of the present study was to characterize bacon samples smoked with different woods from reforestation using chemical and sensory methodologies, which were subsequently correlated by means of statistical multi-block analysis. Volatile compounds (VCs) of the smoked bacons were studied using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and the consumer sensory perception was explored by the Napping technique. VCs were identified in smoked samples, which triggered sensory attributes related to odor, flavor, and texture, such as "smoky flavor", "salty taste", "pleasant taste", "woodsy flavor", and "hard texture". Multi-block analysis showed that the sensory attributes were associated with a group of VCs and not by a single compound.

Descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of Brazilian consumers for smoked bacon.

The descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of bacon manufactured using different smoking processes was studied. Six bacon samples were evaluated: three manufactured with woods, two with liquid smokes, and a commercial bacon. Consumers rated their overall liking (OL) and responded the check-all-that-apply (CATA) questions coupled with ideal profile method (IPM).1 The preliminary result showed that LS2 and Bamboo were the best-rated bacons. However, data analysis indicated two segments of consumers (both n = 50), with significant differences in the OL. The first segment liked fatty and smoked bacons, while the second valued the texture and appearance. The drivers of liking in both segments were the attributes related to texture, juiciness and the smoky aroma. The use of different woods in the bacon smoking process modified the descriptive and hedonic sensory perception of consumers.

Psicoeducación en trastorno bipolar. Programa de Enfermedades Afectivas (PEA) / Psychoeducation in bipolar disorder Affective Diseases Program (PEA)

El trastorno afectivo bipolar es una patología mental que afecta al estado del ánimo y que normalmente se desarrolla a una edad temprana, aunque entre la aparición de los primeros síntomas y la instauración del diagnóstico y el tratamiento existe un retraso de varios años, provocando un deterioro a nivel biopsicosocial y un desconocimiento general de la patología. Para evitar esta circunstancia es esencial la aplicación de un tratamiento de forma precoz, compuesto por una terapia farmacológica acompañada de psicoterapia, una vez establecido el diagnóstico. Dentro de esta terapia, encontramos que la psicoeducación es la opción principal, ya que diversos estudios demuestran su eficacia a corto, medio y largo plazo en cuanto al estado de salud general del paciente, así como en la adherencia al tratamiento farmacológico, datos que se reflejan en un menor número de recaídas, episodios agudos y hospitalizaciones. Es imperativo que los médicos y pacientes reciban información actualizada sobre nuevas herramientas para la gestión del trastorno bipolar. De hecho, dado que los recursos de atención de salud mental son limitados y con los avances continuos en tecnología, el uso del aprendizaje y tratamiento autodirigido en el espacio en línea está captando impulso. La psicoeducación como terapia adyuvante para el trastorno bipolar ha evolucionado desde proporcionar a los pacientes información exclusivamente relacionada con una comprensión biológica del trastorno y tratamientos farmacológicos relacionados hasta un enfoque integrador que enfatiza la conciencia de la enfermedad y los síntomas, adherencia al tratamiento, autogestión, la importancia de los hábitos regulares, evitando el abuso de drogas y promoviendo una buena salud física.

La formación y adquisición de conocimiento para entrenar y dirigir de los entrenadores del fútbol élite de Costa Rica

El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar aspectos relacionados con la formación y las fuentes de conocimiento que hoy en día poseen los entrenadores de futbol élite costarricense, tanto para dirigir como para entrenar, y que ejercen influencias en la toma de sus decisiones de su entorno deportivo. Para ello, se ha realizado una investigación cualitativa, en la cual la recolección de los datos se hizo a través del método denominado triangulación metodológica. Este consistió en la aplicación de 2 herramientas metodológicas, la entrevista y el cuestionario, cuyos resultados al final fueron comparados entre sí. La población del estudio fue de 10 entrenadores de la liga de primera división del fútbol costarricense. Los resultados indicaron que los entrenadores basan su labor de dirigir y entrenar en casi todas las subcategorías de adquisición de conocimientos que se plantearon en el estudio; sin embargo, las subcategorías de experiencia como jugador, experiencia profesional y el manejo de herramientas tecnológicas fueron a las que le asignaron mayor valor, sobre todo para el ámbito de dirigir en la competencia. Al mismo tiempo, se encuentra que la subcategoría interacción entre colegas fue a la que le asignaron el menor valor. Las conclusiones del estudio deberían ser tomadas en consideración a la hora del diseño curricular en la formación de entrenadores de fútbol.

This study aimed to explore the aspects related to the formation and sources of knowledge that Costa Rican elite soccer coaches have in order to coach and train, and how those aspects influence the decision-making process of soccer coaches' in their sport environment. For this purpose, a qualitative research project has been carried out, where data was collected through the method specifically known as methodological triangulation, which consisted in the application of two methodological tools, the interview and the questionnaire, whose final results were compared with each other. The study population consisted of 10 coaches of the Costa Rican First Division Soccer League. The results indicate that coaches base their work of coaching and training on almost all subcategories of acquisition of knowledge that were raised in the study. However, the subcategories of experience as a player, professional experience, and the use of technological tools were assigned a greater value, especially regarding the field of coaching in competition. At the same time, the subcategory interaction between colleagues was assigned the lowest value. The conclusions of the study should be analyzed when designing curricula in the training of soccer coaches.

O objetivo deste estudo foi explorar aspectos relacionados com a capacitação e às fontes de conhecimento que os técnicos de futebol de primeira divisão da Costa Rica possuem atualmente, tanto para dirigir e treinar, quanto para exercer influências na tomada de decisões no seu ambiente desportivo. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, na qual a coleta de informações foi realizada por meio do método conhecido como triangulação metodológica, que consistiu na aplicação de dois instrumentos metodológicos, a entrevista e o questionário, cujos resultados foram comparados ao final. A população do estudo foi de 10 treinadores da primeira divisão do futebol costa-riquenho. Os resultados indicaram que os treinadores baseiam seu trabalho de dirigir e treinar, em quase todas as subcategorias de aquisição de conhecimento que foram levantadas no estudo, no entanto, as subcategorias de experiência como jogador, experiência profissional e uso de ferramentas tecnológicas foram as que mais atribuíram valor, especialmente ao campo de dirigir para competência. Ao mesmo tempo, verifica-se que a subcategoria interação entre os colegas recebeu o menor valor. As conclusões do estudo devem ser levadas em consideração ao projetar currículos na capacitação de treinadores de futebol.

First Insights into the Gut Microbiota of Mexican Patients with Celiac Disease and Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity.

Gluten-related disorders (GRDs) are common chronic enteropathies and increasing evidence suggests an involvement of the gut microbiota. We examined the gut microbiota in Mexican people afflicted with GRDs. Ultra-high-throughput 16S marker sequencing was used to deeply describe the duodenal and fecal microbiota of patients with celiac disease (CD, n = 6), non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS, n = 12), and healthy subjects (n = 12) from our local area. Additionally, we also investigated the changes in gut microbiota after four weeks on a gluten-free diet (GFD) in a subset of patients from whom paired samples were available. Despite a high inter-individual variability, significant differences in various microbial populations were identified. The linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) method revealed that the genus Actinobacillus and the family Ruminococcaceae were higher in the duodenal and fecal microbiota of NCGS patients, respectively, while Novispirillum was higher in the duodenum of CD patients (p < 0.05, LDA score > 3.5). Interestingly, paired samples from NCGS patients showed a significant difference in duodenal Pseudomonas between the baseline period (median: 1.3%; min/max: 0.47⁻6.8%) and the period after four weeks on GFD (14.8%; 2.3⁻38.5%, p < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test). These results encourage more research on GRDs in México.

La termografía infrarroja como herramienta efectiva para detectar áreas músculares dañadas después de correr una maratón / Infrared thermography as an effective tool to detect damaged muscle areas after running a marathon

Resumen Introducción. La termografía infrarroja (TI) es un equipo de imagen que capta las radiaciones de calor emitidas por los cuerpos y las recoge en valores de temperatura. En el ámbito deportivo se utiliza para identificar daños en estructuras músculo-esqueléticas a partir de la variación de la temperatura corporal en zonas anatómicas afectadas. Objetivo. Valorar la efectividad de la TI como herramienta para detectar músculos dañados después de correr una maratón. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 17 corredores antes y después de correr una maratón (42.196 km) utilizando un equipo termográfíco. Resultados. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre la temperatura previa y posterior a correr una maratón. Se presentó una diferencia entre la medición previa y posterior >1°C en el vasto lateral, vasto medial, recto femoral y aductor de la pierna dominante, lo que, basados en parámetros clínicos, representa un daño en estos músculos. Los aumentos de temperatura se mostraron de manera heterogénea entre las zonas anatómicas. Conclusiones. La TI es una herramienta efectiva para detectar zonas musculares dañadas en corredores después de participar en una maratón.

Abstract Introduction: Infrared thermography (IT) is an imaging technique that detects heat radiation emitted by an object and collects it to convert it into temperature values. In sports, it is used to identify damage to musculoskeletal structures based on the variation of body temperature in affected anatomical areas. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of IT as a tool to detect damaged muscles after running a marathon. Materials and methods: 17 runners were assessed before and after running a marathon (42.196 km) using thermographic equipment. Results: Statistically significant temperature differences were found before and after running a marathon. There was a difference between previous and posterior measurement >1°C in the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, rectus femoris and adductor of the dominant leg, which, based on clinical parameters, indicates damage in these muscles. Increases in temperature were heterogeneous among anatomical areas. Conclusions: IT is an effective tool for detecting damaged muscle areas in runners after participating in a marathon.