Bidirectional causal relationship between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis: A univariate and multivariate Mendelian randomization study.

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown associations between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis (OA). However, the causal impact of different psychiatric disorder types on specific sites of osteoarthritis remains unclear. This study aimed to comprehensively understand the potential causal associations between psychiatric disorders and osteoarthritis using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS: We collected data from genome-wide association studies of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) (n = 403,124), hip osteoarthritis (HOA) (n = 393,873), osteoarthritis of the knee or hip (KHOA) (n = 417,596), as well as three psychiatric disorders: bipolar disorder (n = 41,917), major depressive disorder (n = 170,756), and schizophrenia (n = 76,755) among European populations. We applied bidirectional univariate and multivariate MR analyses, including inverse variance weighted, Mendelian randomization-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode. We considered p < .05 as a criterion for identifying potential evidence of association. Bonferroni correction was used for multiple tests. RESULTS: Our univariate MR analysis results demonstrated that bipolar disorder is a protective factor for KOA (OR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.83 to 0.97, p = 0.0048) and may also be protective for KHOA (p = 0.02). Conversely, major depression has a positive causal effect on both KOA (OR = 1.27; 95% CI = 1.08 to 1.49; p = 0.0036) and KHOA (OR = 1.24; 95% CI = 1.12 to 1.37; p = 3.62×10-05 ). Furthermore, our analysis suggested that KHOA may be a risk factor for major depression (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.12; p = 0.0469) in reverse MR. After adjusting smoking (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.19 to 1.65; p = 0.0032) and body mass index (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.81; p = 8.56×10-04 ), the casual association between major depression and KHOA remained. CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that major depression is a great risk factor for KHOA, increasing the likelihood of their occurrence. However, further in-depth studies will be required to validate these results and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Late contralateral recurrence of retinal detachment in incontinentia pigmenti: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked genetic disease. It mainly manifests as skin lesions and causes problems in the eyes, teeth, bones, and central nervous system. Of the various ocular manifestations, the most severe with difficult recovery is retinal detachment (RD). Here, we report an unusual case of bilateral asymmetrical RD. CASE SUMMARY: We present the case of an 11-year-old Chinese girl with IP who complained of sudden blurring of vision in the left eye. At that time, she had been blind in her right eye for 4 years. RD with traction was observed in both eyes. A massive retinal proliferative membrane, exudation, and hemorrhage were seen in the left eye. We performed vitrectomy in her left eye. Her visual acuity recovered to 20/50, and her retina had flattened within 2 d after surgery. During the 3-mo follow-up, we performed retinal laser treatment of the non-perfused retinal area in her left eye. Eventually, her visual acuity returned to 20/32, and no new retinal abnormalities developed. CONCLUSION: In patients with IP with fundal abnormalities in one eye, it is important to focus on the rate of fundal change in the other eye. RD in its early stages can be effectively treated with timely vitrectomy and laser photocoagulation.