Cardiac Surgery Outcomes in Patients Receiving Hemodialysis Versus Peritoneal Dialysis.

Rationale & Objective: We sought to compare outcomes of patients receiving dialysis after cardiothoracic surgery on the basis of dialysis modality (intermittent hemodialysis [HD] vs peritoneal dialysis [PD]). Study Design: This was a retrospective analysis. Setting & Participants: In total, 590 patients with kidney failure receiving intermittent HD or PD undergoing coronary artery bypass graft and/or valvular cardiac surgery at Cleveland Clinic were included. Exposure: The patients received PD versus HD (intermittent or continuous). Outcomes: Our primary outcomes were in-hospital and 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, days in the intensive care unit, the number of intraoperative blood transfusions, postsurgical pericardial effusion, and sternal wound infection, and a composite of the following 4 in-hospital events: death, cardiac arrest, effusion, and sternal wound infection. Analytical Approach: We used χ2, Fisher exact, Wilcoxon rank sum, and t tests, Kaplan-Meier survival, and plots for analysis. Results: Among the 590 patients undergoing cardiac surgery, 62 (11%) were receiving PD, and 528 (89%) were receiving intermittent HD. Notably, 30-day Kaplan-Meier survival was 95.7% (95% CI: 93.9-97.5) for HD and 98.2% (95% CI: 94.7-100) for PD (P = 0.30). In total, 75 patients receiving HD (14.2%) and 1 patient receiving PD (1.6%) had a composite of 4 in-hospital events (death, cardiac arrest, effusion, and sternal wound infection) (P = 0.005). Out of 62 patients receiving PD, 16 (26%) were converted to HD. Limitations: Retrospective analyses are prone to residual confounding. We lacked details about nutritional data. Intensive care unit length of stay was used as a surrogate for volume status control. Patients have been followed in a single health care system. The HD cohort outnumbered the PD cohort significantly. Conclusions: When compared with PD, HD does not appear to improve outcomes of patients with kidney failure undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. Patients receiving PD had a lower incidence of a composite outcome of 4 in-hospital events (death, cardiac arrest, pericardial effusion, and sternal wound infections).

Patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD) are frequently switched to hemodialysis (HD) around the time of an open-heart surgery. More times than not, this is driven by the preference of nonkidney doctors, because HD is perceived to control toxins and fluids better. PD is, however, more advantageous and can achieve similar results while being gentler. In an effort to keep patients on their home PD, we analyzed how they fared when compared with their HD counterparts. Patients maintained on PD did just as well if not better around and after their open-heart surgery. Given the expected increase in patients treated with PD, efforts should be made to maintain them on their home modality even around major surgeries.

Comparison of Radiation Exposure for Pregnant Patients Requiring Intervention for Suspected Obstructing Nephrolithiasis.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences in radiation exposure per suspected stone episode between percutaneous nephrostomy tube (PCN), stent, and primary ureteroscopy (URS).The incidence of nephrolithiasis in pregnancy is low; however, repercussions for both mother and fetus can be significant. In cases of suspected obstructing nephrolithiasis, intervention may be required, including ureteral stent, PCN, or URS, with the potential for multiple subsequent procedures that often utilize fluoroscopy. METHODS: Pregnant patients who required an intervention (stent, PCN, or URS) for suspected obstructing nephrolithiasis were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome was total fluoroscopy exposure per suspected stone episode. Secondary outcomes included fluoroscopic exposure per procedure and number of procedures required. RESULTS: After excluding patients with renal anomalies and incomplete radiation data, 78 out of 100 patients were included in the analysis. Forty patients (51.3%) underwent initial stent placement, 22 (28.2%) underwent initial PCN placement, and 16 (20.5%) underwent primary URS. Total mean radiation exposure per stone episode was significantly higher in patients who underwent PCN, (286.9 mGy vs 3.7 mGy (stent) and 0.2 mGy (URS), P <.001). In addition, patients who underwent initial PCN placement had significantly more procedures (P <.001) and mean radiation exposure per procedure was higher (P <.001). More than 40% of PCNs experienced dysfunction, and mean duration between PCN exchanges was 16.5 days. CONCLUSION: In pregnant patients with suspected obstructing nephrolithiasis requiring intervention, initial PCN placement was associated with a significantly higher number of procedures, radiation exposure per procedure, and total radiation exposure per suspected stone episode compared to stent and URS.

Carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections among children with cancer or post-haematopoietic stem cell transplant: a retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Risk factors for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales bloodstream infections among children with cancer or post-HSCT have not been thoroughly explored. METHODS: All children with cancer or post-HSCT who developed Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in two cancer referral centres in major Colombian cities between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively examined. When the infection episode occurred, carbapenem resistance mechanisms were evaluated according to the available methods. Data were divided in a training set (80%) and a test set (20%). Three internally validated carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) prediction models were created: a multivariate logistic regression model, and two data mining techniques. Model performances were evaluated by calculating the average of the AUC, sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. RESULTS: A total of 285 Enterobacterales bloodstream infection episodes (229 carbapenem susceptible and 56 carbapenem resistant) occurred [median (IQR) age, 9 (3.5-14) years; 57% male]. The risk of CRE was 2.1 times higher when the infection was caused by Klebsiella spp. and 5.8 times higher when a carbapenem had been used for ≥3 days in the previous month. A model including these two predictive variables had a discriminatory performance of 77% in predicting carbapenem resistance. The model had a specificity of 97% and a negative predictive value of 81%, with low sensitivity and positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Even in settings with high CRE prevalence, these two variables can help early identification of patients in whom CRE-active agents are unnecessary and highlight the importance of strengthening antibiotic stewardship strategies directed at preventing carbapenem overuse.

Renal Genetics Clinic: 3-Year Experience in the Cleveland Clinic.

Rationale & Objective: There has been an increasing demand for the expertise provided by a renal genetics clinic. Such programs are limited in the United States and typically operate in a genomics research setting. Here we report a 3-year, real-world, single-center renal genetics clinic experience. Study Design: Retrospective cohort. Setting & Participants: Outpatient cases referred to the renal genetics clinic of the Cleveland Clinic between January 2019 and March 2022 were reviewed. Analytical Approach: Clinical and laboratory characteristics were analyzed. All genetic testing was performed in clinical labs. Results: 309 new patients referred from 15 specialties were evaluated, including 118 males and 191 females aged 35.1 ± 20.3 years. Glomerular diseases were the leading presentation followed by cystic kidney diseases, electrolyte disorders, congenital anomalies of kidneys and urinary tract, nephrolithiasis, and tubulointerstitial kidney diseases. Dysmorphic features were noted in 27 (8.7%) patients. Genetic testing was recommended in 292 (94.5%) patients including chromosomal microarray (8.9%), single-gene tests (19.5%), multigene panels (77.3%), and exome sequencing (17.5%). 80.5% of patients received insurance coverage for genetic testing. 45% (115/256) of patients had positive results, 25% (64/256) had variants of unknown significance, and 22.3% (57/256) had negative results. 43 distinct monogenic disorders were diagnosed. Family history of kidney disease was present in 52.8% of patients and associated with positive genetic findings (OR, 2.28; 95% CI, 1.40-3.74). 69% of patients with positive results received a new diagnosis and/or a change in the diagnosis. Among these, 39.7% (31/78) of patients received a significant change in disease management. Limitations: Retrospective and single-center study. Conclusions: The renal genetics clinic plays important roles in the diagnosis and management of patients with genetic kidney diseases. Multigene panels are the most frequently used testing modality with a high diagnostic yield. Family history of kidney disease is a strong indication for renal genetics clinic referral.

Endometriosis screening in patients attending an IVF clinic: a proof-of-concept retrospective cohort study.

Given that (i) endometriosis affects approximately 40% of women diagnosed with fertility problems and (ii) this condition may be an underestimated cause of idiopathic infertility, it is essential to identify high-risk patients for laparoscopic screening and reduce the diagnostic delay. We performed a retrospective analysis of 312 women (208 diagnosed with endometriosis and 104 controls) admitted to an in vitro fertilisation (IVF) unit in the city of Brest (France) between June 2007 and July 2014. As part of the women's infertility treatment, levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) were assayed in blood samples collected on the day of oocyte retrieval. Surplus serum was used to set up a new sperm agglutination test. It was observed that sperm agglutination was significantly correlated with endometriosis and CA-125 levels (p < 0.01 for both). By building a decision tree, we identified a subpopulation of patients with low CA-125 levels and a high risk of endometriosis. This proof-of-concept study constitutes a first step towards a high-quality, controlled, multi-centre trial. If our preliminary results are confirmed, the decision tree should improve the medical care given to women in IVF programmes by identifying potential endometriosis sufferers for laparoscopic examination and enabling them to be counselled about precautionary measures.

Correlación de displasia de cadera con factores de riesgo Hospital Municipal Achacachi / Correlation of hip dysplasia with risk factors Hospital Municipal Achacachi

INTRODUCCIÓN: la displasia de cadera es una de las causas más importantes y prevenibles de discapacidad durante la primera infancia. Es una enfermedad que se presenta en niños menores de 1 año, pero puede tener consecuencias importantes en la edad adulta, incluso puede desencadenar una osteoartrosis de cadera y/o invalidez en adultos jóvenes. OBJETIVO: determinar la correlación entre displasia de cadera con sus factores de riesgo en lactantes de 2 a 12 meses, evaluados en consultorio externo de Traumatología del Hospital Municipal Achacachi en el periodo de mayo ­ 2017 hasta abril ­ 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: el tipo de investigación es descriptivo, diseño de tipo caso ­ control. Se estudiaron 128 pacientes lactantes de ambos sexos, que asistieron a su control en el consultorio de traumatología. La correlación entre factores de riesgo y displasia de cadera se determinó mediante la fórmula de Odds Ratio. RESULTADOS: el género femenino es el factor de riesgo con mayor asociación con la displasia de cadera, con un Odds Ratio de 139.04 veces más de padecer de displasia de cadera, seguida de la presentación podálica o transversa (12.58), las gestantes primíparas (4.52), los productos gemelares (3.71), los antecedentes familiares (2.54) y el Oligohidramnios (2.06). CONCLUSIÓN: existe relación importante entre los factores de riesgo (clínicos, obstétricos y fetales), con el desarrollo de displasia de cadera.(AU)

INTRODUCTION: hip dysplasia is one of the most important and preventable causes of disability during early childhood. It is a disease that occurs in children younger than 1 year, but it can have important consequences in adulthood, it can even trigger hip osteoarthritis and / or disability in young adults. OBJECTIVE: to determine the correlation between Hip Dysplasia with its risk factors in infants from 2 to 12 months, evaluated in an external Traumatology office of the Hospital Municipal Achacachi in the period from May - 2017 to April - 2018. MATERIAL AND METHODS: the type of research is descriptive, case control type design. 128 lactating patients of both sexes were studied, who attended their control in the traumatology office. The correlation between risk factors and hip dysplasia was determined using the Odds Ratio formula. RESULTS: female gender is the risk factor with the highest association with hip dysplasia, with an Odds Ratio of 139.04 times more than having Hip dysplasia, followed by breech or transverse presentation (12.58), primiparous pregnant women (4.52), twin products (3.71), Family History (2.54) and Oligohydramnios (2.06). CONCLUSIONS: there is an important relationship between risk factors (clinical, obstetric and fetal), with the development of Hip Dysplasia.(AU)

Infectious complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in children in a bone marrow transplant unit in Colombia.

OBJECTIVE: There is a relative lack of information about infections occurring in children following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) in developing countries. Herein, we describe the incidence rates of different infections according to the transplant period and baseline condition in Colombia. METHODS: In a retrospective cohort study of all children who underwent allo-HSCTs from 2012 to 2017 in a hospital in Cali, Colombia, we reviewed medical records from the first post-transplant day until day + 365 to describe microbiologically confirmed incidence rates of infections and deaths during three post-transplant periods and according to baseline condition. RESULTS: Most allo-HSCT (n = 144, 96%) were followed by infections over the following year, mostly due to bacteria and cytomegalovirus (4.3 and 3.3 per 1000 patient-days, respectively). Children were at the highest risk for infection in the first 30 days post-HSTC, but mortality was highest after 100 days. Overall, high mortality (n = 44, 31.7%) was associated with infections, especially from extensively drug-resistant bacteria, adenovirus, and aspergillosis. Infection rates were similar independent of the baseline condition. CONCLUSION: Almost all children in this cohort developed infections post allo-HSCT. Describing the distribution of infections throughout the first post allo-HSCT year allows clinicians to narrow the differential diagnosis of infections according to the post-transplant period. This is especially useful when prioritizing interventions in children receiving HSCT in stringent healthcare systems in developing countries.

Influencia de la autoestima en el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de la carrera de medicina de la Universidad Mayor de San Andrés / Influence of the self esteem on the academic achievement of medicine student at San Andres Univerity

Introducción: Durante el desarrollo del proceso educativo en la Carrera de Medicina, todo docente en algun momento tropezó con inmunerables obstáculos relacionados con el bajo rendimiento académico de sus alumnos, atribuyendose esta situación a la falta de capacidad, irresponsabilidad e interés entre otros factores, sin embargo jamás se tomó en cuenta de elementos subjetivos del educando como lo es la autoestima.

Correlación de valores B-HCG y ultrasonografia intraoperatoria en embarazo ectópico / CORRELATION OF ß-HCG LEVELS AND INTRA-OPERATIVE ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN ECTOPIC PREGNANCY

Introducción: El diagnóstico del embarazo ectópico puede no resultar fácil y se debe realizar con rapidez y seguridad, pues una demora puede conllevar a la ruptura, la hemorragia y poner en peligro la vida de la paciente. Objetivo: Determinar el grado de correlación de valores de β-hCG y ultrasonografía con los hallazgos intra-operatorios de pacientes con diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal y retrospectivo. Se estudiaron 115 pacientes con diagnóstico de embarazo ectópico, internadas en el Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés, durante el periodo 2010 - 2014. Resultados: La población con mayor frecuencia afectada, es de 20 a 30 años de edad (88,7%). La mayor cantidad de población, se observó durante el año 2014 (47%). La validez de los hallazgos ultrasonográficos es de: Sensibilidad = 98,2% y Especificidad = 75%. La seguridad de los hallazgos ultrasonográficos es de: Valor Predictivo Positivo = 99,1% y Valor Predictivo Negativo = 60%. La validez de los hallazgos ultrasonográficos combinado con la cuantificación sérica de β-hCG es de: Sensibilidad = 99,1% y Especificidad = 100%. La seguridad de los hallazgos ultrasonográficos combinado con la cuantificación sérica de β-hCG es de: Valor Predictivo Positivo = 100% y Valor Predictivo Negativo = 80%. Conclusión: El test diagnóstico ultrasonográfico combinado con la cuantificación sérica de β-hCG tiene mayor validez y seguridad que el test diagnóstico ultrasonográfico solo.

Introduction: The diagnosis for ectopic pregnancy may be difficult, and must be carried out quickly and safely since a delay can lead to rupture, bleeding and endanger the life of the patient. Objective: To determine the correlation degree of β-hCG levels and ultrasonography with the intra-operative findings of patients with ectopic pregnancy diagnosis in the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service at Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study that included 115 patients with ectopic pregnancy diagnosis, and admitted in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Service at Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés during the period 2010-2014. Results: The most frequently affected population was 20 to 30 years old (88.7%). Most of the cases were observed during 2014 (47%). Validity of ultrasound findings reflected 98.2% of sensitivity and 75 % of specificity. Safety of ultrasound findings reflected Positive Predictive Value of 99.1 % and Negative Predictive Value of 60 %. Validity of ultrasound findings combined with β-hCG serum quantification displayed a sensitivity of 99.1 % and specificity of100%. Safety of ultrasound findings combined with β-hCG serum quantification displayed a Positive Predictive Value of 100 % and Negative Predictive Value of 80 %. Conclusions: The ultrasonographic diagnostic test combined with the β-hCG serum quantification has better validity and safety than the ultrasonographic test alone.

Eficacia del cianoacrilato en el cierre de heridas de pacientes intervenidas mediante cesarea segmentaria, en el Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés durante el periódo de Septiembre a Diciembre del 2015 / EFFICACY OF THE CYANOACRYLATE IN THE CLOSING OF INJURIES OF PATIENTS INTERVENED BY MEANS OF SEGMENTARY CAESAREAN SECTION, IN THE HOSPITAL MUNICIPAL BOLIVIANO HOLANDES OVER THE COURSE OF SEPTEMBER TO DECEMBER OF 2015

Introducción: Para la sintesis de tejidos existe diversidad de materiales, los más conocidos son los hilos de sutura (absorbible y no absorbible); sin embargo exisen otras alternativas de sutura, como son los adhesivos tisulares en base a cianoacrilato. Objetivo: Determinar la eficacia del cianoacrilato en el cierre de heridas de pacientes intervenidas mediante cesárea segmentaria en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Municipal Bolivano Holandés durante la gesión 2015. Material y métodos: Ensayo clinico ciego simple, longitudinal, prospectivo . Se estudiaron 82 pacientes de 16 a 45 años de edad, internadas en el servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Municipal Boliviano Holandés, durante el periodo del 1° de Septiembre hasta el 31 de Diciembre del año 2015. Se congregaron en 2 grupos: 34 pacientes en las que se empleo el cianoacrilato (caso) y 48 pacientes en las que se realizó la técnica de sutura intradérminac on nylon 3-0 (control), para posteriormente valorar el tiempo de cierre de la herida quirúrgica, reacción de la epidermis y complicaciones postoperatorias en cada grupo. Resultados: En cuanto al tiempo de cierre de la herida quirúrgica: 7 días con cianoacrilato(61.77%) y 7 días con nylon (77.08%); presencia de cicatriz hipertrofica: 0.00% con cianoacrilato y 4.17 % con nylon: y complicaciones 26.47% con cianoacrilato y 0.00 % con nylon. Conclusión: El cianoacrilato no es más eficaz que la sutura convencional en el cierre de heridas de pacientes intervenidas mediante cesárea segmentaria

Deciphering the Dark Proteome: Use of the Testis and Characterization of Two Dark Proteins.

For the C-HPP consortium, dark proteins include not only uPE1, but also missing proteins (MPs, PE2-4), smORFs, proteins from lncRNAs, and products from uncharacterized transcripts. Here, we investigated the expression of dark proteins in the human testis by combining public mRNA and protein expression data for several tissues and performing LC-MS/MS analysis of testis protein extracts. Most uncharacterized proteins are highly expressed in the testis. Thirty could be identified in our data set, of which two were selected for further analyses: (1) A0AOU1RQG5, a putative cancer/testis antigen specifically expressed in the testis, where it accumulates in the cytoplasm of elongated spermatids; and (2) PNMA6E, which is enriched in the testis, where it is found in the germ cell nuclei during most stages of spermatogenesis. Both proteins are coded on Chromosome X. Finally, we studied the expression of other dark proteins, uPE1 and MPs, in a series of human tissues. Most were highly expressed in the testis at both the mRNA and protein levels. The testis appears to be a relevant organ to study the dark proteome, which may have a function related to spermatogenesis and germ cell differentiation. The mass spectrometry proteomics data have been deposited with the ProteomeXchange Consortium under the data set identifier PXD009598.

Evaluación de la costo-efectividad de un modelo integral de tratamiento ambulatorio en pacientes con síndrome coronario agudo: aplicación de un modelo de Markov probabilístico / Evaluation of the cost-effectiveness of an integral model of ambulatory treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: application of a probabilistic Markov model / Avaliação da relação custo-eficácia de um modelo integral de tratamento ambulatorial em pacientes com síndrome coronariana aguda: aplicação de um modelo probabilístico de Markov

RESUMEN Objetivo Evaluar la costo-efectividad de un modelo integral de tratamiento ambulatorio en pacientes que presentaron un síndrome coronario agudo. Métodos Se realizó una evaluación económica a partir de un estudio de intervención cuasi-experimental, que incluyó 442 pacientes con edades entre 30 y 70 años, quienes presentaron un síndrome coronario agudo. El grupo de intervención (n = 165) recibió un modelo integral de tratamiento ambulatorio fundamentado en el cuidado gestionado (disease management), mientras que el grupo control (n = 277) recibió rehabilitación cardiovascular convencional. Durante un año de seguimiento, se evaluó la presentación de reeventos cardiovasculares y hospitalizaciones. Se desarrolló un modelo de Markov probabilístico. La perspectiva de estudio se aplicó dentro del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud Colombiano, incluidos los costos sanitarios directos; el horizonte temporal fue de 50 años con descuentos de 3,42% para costos y efectividades; y la medida de efectividad fue los años de vida ganados ajustados por calidad. Se realizó un análisis de sensibilidad probabilístico y multivariante mediante de la simulación de Montecarlo. Resultados Durante el año de seguimiento, los costos directos relacionados con el valor pagado fueron en promedio de USD 2 577 para el grupo control y USD 2 245 para el grupo de intervención. En el análisis de sensibilidad probabilístico, 91,3% de las simulaciones se ubicaron en el cuadrante correspondiente a costos incrementales negativos y efectividades incrementales positivas (intervención evaluada de menor costo, más efectiva). En las simulaciones, se observó un ahorro promedio anual por paciente de USD 1 215 por cada año de vida ganado ajustado por calidad. Conclusiones El modelo integral de tratamiento ambulatorio implementado en pacientes que sufrieron un síndrome coronario agudo mostró ser menos costoso y más efectivo en comparación con el cuidado convencional. Por ser una alternativa dominante, se recomienda como modelo de cuidado en esta población.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of an integral model of ambulatory treatment in patients who presented an acute coronary syndrome. Methods An economic evaluation was made from a quasi-experimental intervention study, which included 442 patients aged 30 to 70 years who presented an acute coronary syndrome. The intervention group (n = 165) received an integral model of ambulatory treatment based on managed care (disease management), while the control group (n = 277) received conventional cardiovascular rehabilitation. During one year of follow-up, the presentation of cardiovascular events and hospitalizations was evaluated. A probabilistic Markov model was developed. The study perspective was applied within the General System of Health Social Security in Colombia, including the direct health costs; the time horizon was 50 years with discounts of 3.42% for costs and effectiveness; and the measure of effectiveness was quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). A probabilistic and multivariate sensitivity analysis was performed using the Montecarlo simulation. Results During the year of follow-up, the direct costs related to the value paid were, on average, USD 2 577 for the control group and USD 2 245 for the intervention group. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, 91.3% of the simulations were located in the quadrant corresponding to incremental negative costs and positive incremental effectiveness (evaluated intervention at a lower cost, more effective). In the simulations, an average annual savings per patient of USD 1 215 per QALY was observed. Conclusions The integral model of ambulatory treatment implemented in patients who suffered an acute coronary syndrome was found to be less expensive and more effective compared to conventional care. Considering it is a dominant alternative, it is recommended as a model of care in this population.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a relação custo-eficácia de um modelo integral de tratamento ambulatorial em pacientes que apresentaram síndrome coronariana aguda. Métodos Uma avaliação econômica foi feita a partir de um estudo de intervenção quase experimental, que incluiu 442 pacientes com idade entre 30 a 70 anos que apresentaram síndrome coronariana aguda. O grupo de intervenção (n = 165) recebeu um modelo integral de tratamento ambulatorial com base em cuidados gerenciados (gerenciamento de doenças), enquanto o grupo controle (n = 277) recebeu reabilitação cardiovascular convencional. Durante um ano de acompanhamento, foi avaliada a apresentação de eventos cardiovasculares e hospitalizações. Um modelo probabilístico de Markov foi desenvolvido. A perspectiva do estudo foi aplicada no Sistema Geral de Segurança Social na Saúde da Colômbia, incluindo os custos diretos de saúde; o horizonte temporal foi de 50 anos com descontos de 3,42% em custos e efetividade; e a medida de eficácia foi os anos de vida ajustados pela qualidade (QALY). Uma análise de sensibilidade probabilística e multivariada foi realizada utilizando a simulação de Montecarlo. Resultados Durante o ano de acompanhamento, os custos diretos relacionados ao valor pago foram, em média, USD 2 577 para o grupo controle e USD 2 245 para o grupo de intervenção. Na análise de sensibilidade probabilística, foram localizadas 91,3% das simulações no quadrante correspondente a custos negativos incrementais e eficácia incremental positiva (intervenção avaliada a menor custo, mais efetiva). Nas simulações, observou-se uma economia anual média por paciente de US $ 1 215 por QALY. Conclusões O modelo integral de tratamento ambulatorial implementado em pacientes que sofreram síndrome coronariana aguda foi considerado menos caro e mais eficaz em comparação com os cuidados convencionais. Por ser uma alternativa dominante, é recomendado como modelo de cuidados nesta população.

Caso Clínico: Quiste de Colédoco Tipo IA, Resolución Quirúrgica / Case Report: Type IA Choledochal Cyst, Surgical Resolution

INTRODUCCIÓN: El quiste del colédoco es una malformación congénita de etiología desconocida, caracterizada por diversos grados de dilatación del sistema biliar. El examen inicial para la valoración de la vía biliar debe ser una ecografía abdominal,sin embargo, la resonancia magnética con contraste es el estudio de elección para valorar estas estructuras. El tratamiento quirúrgico final depende del grado de dilatación quística y generalmente está basado en la escisión completa de la vía biliar extrahepática. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de sexo femenino de 27 años con dolor abdominal tipo cólico a nivel de epigastrio e hipocondrio derecho de 7 días de evolución. Se realizaron exámenes de Imagenología (ecografía­ TAC ­colangio RM)que reportaron colédoco con marcada dilatación fusiforme en toda su extensión, en relación a quiste de colédoco tipo IA. EVOLUCIÓN: Se planificó la exéresis del quiste de colédoco, anastomosis bilio-digestiva en «Y de Roux¼ y colecistectomía. El procedimiento quirúrgico no tuvo complicaciones. La paciente permaneció hospitalizada por 5 días con adecuada evolución y tolerancia a dieta. CONCLUSIÓN: El quiste de colédoco es una patología congénita infrecuente en la edad adulta generalmente diagnosticada como un hallazgo incidental. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno aseguran el éxito del procedimiento quirúrgico y evita la aparición de complicaciones graves (colangiocarcinoma); con la escisión completa el pronóstico es excelente, la mortalidad posoperatoria es mínima. (au)

BACKGROUND: The choledochal cyst is a congenital malformation of unknown etiology characterized by different grades of dilatation of the biliary system. The first exam to evaluate the bile duct should be the abdominal ultrasound, which suggests the diagnosis of choledochal cyst. However, the magnetic resonance imagin with contrast is the gold standard to assess these structures. The final surgery treatment depends of the grade of cyst dilatation, the main procedure is based on the complete excision of the extrahepatic bile duct. CASE REPORT: A female 27-years old patient who reffered colic abdominal pain localized in epigastrium and right hypochondrium for 7 days. Imaging exams were performed (US­CT Scan­ choledochal MRI) which reported the bile duct with a severe fusiform dilatation, in complete extension related to type IA choledochal cyst. EVOLUTION: Choledocal cyst exeresis, «Roux-en-Y¼ bilio digestive anastomosis and cholecystectomy were planned. Surgical procedure had no complications. Patient was hospitalized for 5 days with proper evolution and oral diet tolerance. CONCLUSION: The choledochal cyst is a rare congenital disease in adult hood mostly diagnosed as an incidental finding. Early diagnosis and treatment ensure the success of the surgical procedure and prevents appearance of serious complications (cholangiocarcinoma).The prognosis after complete excision is excellent with minimal postoperative mortality(au)

Caso Clínico: Quiste de Uraco en un Paciente Adulto, Resolución Laparoscópica / Case Report: Urachal Cyst of an Adult Patient, Laparoscopic Resolution

INTRODUCCIÓN: La patología por remanente de uraco representa un fracaso en el proceso de obliteración, es una anomalía rara congénita que se diagnostica en el 1.6 % de los niños menores a 15 años y en el 0.063 % de los adultos. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 42 años, sexo masculino, intervenido por laparoscopía por apendicitis aguda complicada. Durante el procedimiento se encontró una masa a nivel de la pared abdominal anterior en contacto con la vejiga. Mediante exámenes complementarios se diagnosticó quiste de uraco. EVOLUCIÓN: Se planificó la exéresis del quiste de uraco por vía laparoscópica, el procedimiento se realizó sin complicaciones obteniéndose un quiste de 6 x 4 cm de diámetro, remanante del ligamento umbilical. No fue necesaria la resección de la cúpula vesical. El posquirúrgico evolucionó de manera favorable y el paciente se mantuvo hospitalizado durante 2 días antes de ser dado de alta. CONCLUSIÓN: La resolución laparoscópica es una técnica segura y efectiva de elección para la exéresis del quiste del uraco en adultos. Presenta ventajas en relación a la cirugía convencional por la disminución del riesgo de infección del sitio quirúrgico, disminuye el dolor posquirúrgico, disminuye la estancia hospitalaria y permite la reincorporación laboral temprana.(au)

BACKGROUND: Remnant urachal pathology represents an obliteration failure, it is a rare congenital anomaly diagnosed in 1.6 % of under 15-years and 0.063 % of adult patients. CASE REPORT: A 42-years old male patient who underwent laparoscopic surgery because of an acute complicated appendicitis. During procedure, a mass was found near to anterior abdominal wall, it had contact with the urinary bladder's wall. Complementary exams were performed and an urachal cyst w pically and was found to be an incidental mass at the level of the anterior abdominal wall in acontact with the bladder. Urachal cyst was diagnosed based on complementary studies. EVOLUTION: Laparoscopic exeresis of the urachal cyst was planned. The procedure had no complications and a 6 x 4 cm urachal cyst was obtained (umbilical ligament remnant). Urinary bladder's dome resection was not required. The postoperative was favorable and the patient stood hospitalized for 2 days before he was discharged. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic resolution is a safe and effective technique to perform an urachal cyst exeresis in adults. It has some advantages over conventional surgery as lower surgical site infection risk, less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay and early return to work.(au)

Video. Caso Clínico. Cirugía Laparoscópica: Tratamiento Laparoscópico de Hernias Incisionales Ventrales / Case Report: Laparoscopic Surgery Video: Laparoscopic Treatment o Incisional Ventral Hernia

La patología herniaria ha captado la atención de los diferentes grupos quirúrgicos por su impacto en la frecuencia e incapacidad laboral, social y sus complicaciones relacionadas. Las hernias de pared abdominal se presentan con una frecuencia de entre 10 % y 15 % de la población general. La hernioplastia es una de las 2 principales intervenciones quirúrgicas electivas en los servicios de cirugía general. El desarrollo de nuevas técnicas de diagnóstico así como la creación de un gran número de materiales protésicos y accesorios para la fijación de los mismos, ha mejorado el tratamiento quirúrgico por laparoscopía.(AU)

The hernia pathology has captured the attention of the different surgical groups due to their impact on the frequency and incapacity of work, social and related complications. Abdominal wall hernias occur with a frequency of between 10 % and 15 % of the general population. Herniaplasty is one of the 2 main elective surgical interventions in general surgery services. The development of new diagnostic techniques as well as the creation of a large number of prosthetic materials and accessories to fix them, has improved the surgical treatment by laparoscopy.(AU)

Right hepatic artery aneurysm.

We report a case of an aneurysm of the right hepatic artery and its multidisciplinary management by general surgery, endoscopy and radiology services. Being a case of extremely low incidence, it is important to show its diagnostic and therapeutic approach. RESUMO Relatamos um caso de aneurisma da artéria hepática direita conduzido de forma multidisciplinar pelos Serviços de Cirurgia Geral, Endoscopia e Radiologia. Em se tratando de caso de incidência baixíssima, é importante mostrar o enfoque diagnóstico e terapêutico usado em seu manejo.

Right hepatic artery aneurysm / Aneurisma de artéria hepática direita

ABSTRACT We report a case of an aneurysm of the right hepatic artery and its multidisciplinary management by general surgery, endoscopy and radiology services. Being a case of extremely low incidence, it is important to show its diagnostic and therapeutic approach.

RESUMO Relatamos um caso de aneurisma da artéria hepática direita conduzido de forma multidisciplinar pelos Serviços de Cirurgia Geral, Endoscopia e Radiologia. Em se tratando de caso de incidência baixíssima, é importante mostrar o enfoque diagnóstico e terapêutico usado em seu manejo.

Dipstick spot urine pH does not accurately represent 24 hour urine PH measured by an electrode

ABSTRACT Objectives To determine whether spot urine pH measured by dipstick is an accurate representation of 24 hours urine pH measured by an electrode. Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed urine pH results of patients who presented to the urology stone clinic. For each patient we recorded the most recent pH result measured by dipstick from a spot urine sample that preceded the result of a 24-hour urine pH measured by the use of a pH electrode. Patients were excluded if there was a change in medications or dietary recommendations or if the two samples were more than 4 months apart. A difference of more than 0.5 pH was considered an inaccurate result. Results A total 600 patients were retrospectively reviewed for the pH results. The mean difference in pH between spot urine value and the 24 hours collection values was 0.52±0.45 pH. Higher pH was associated with lower accuracy (p<0.001). The accuracy of spot urine samples to predict 24-hour pH values of <5.5 was 68.9%, 68.2% for 5.5 to 6.5 and 35% for >6.5. Samples taken more than 75 days apart had only 49% the accuracy of more recent samples (p<0.002). The overall accuracy is lower than 80% (p<0.001). Influence of diurnal variation was not significant (p=0.588). Conclusions Spot urine pH by dipstick is not an accurate method for evaluation of the patients with urolithiasis. Patients with alkaline urine are more prone to error with reliance on spot urine pH.

Comparación de apendicectomía laparoscópica de puerto único con abordaje de 3 puertos, Hospitales "Jose Carrasco Arteaga" y "Vicente Corral Moscoso", 2013 / Comparison of laparoscopic appendicectomy of single port with approach of 3 ports, Hospitals "José Carrasco Arteaga" and "Vicente Corral Moscoso", 2013

Objetivo: Comparar la apendicectomía laparoscópica de puerto único con la de 3 puertos en pacientes con apendicitis aguda, de los hospitales "Vicente Corral Moscoso" y "José Carrasco Arteaga" durante el primer semestre del año 2013. Materiales y método: Estudio experimental que incluyó 170 pacientes de emergencia de los hospitales "Vicente Corral Moscoso" y "José Carrasco Arteaga"; al 50% se le realizó apendicectomía con puerto único (grupo 1) y al restante, se le realizó apendicectomía con 3 puertos (grupo 2). Resultados: De 18 a 25 años fue el grupo mayormente afectado, el sexo masculino predominó en ambos grupos. El tiempo quirúrgico de 61 a 120 minutos fue 61.2% en el grupo 1, el grupo 2 del 55.3%. Dolor posoperatorio leve se presentó en el grupo 1 en 63.5% y en el grupo 2, 41.2%, estancia hospitalaria de 13 a 24 horas en grupo 1 de 62.4%, en el grupo 2, de 25 a 36 horas en 47.1%. Los resultados del puerto único para menor tiempo quirúrgico encontramos un RR de 0,71 (IC ­95% 0.4-1.2), RRR 0.29, RAR 0,07 y NNT 15; para intensidad del dolor (leve) RR de 1.54 (IC 95% 1.1-2), RRR -0.54, RAR -0.22 y NNT 5 y para menor estancia hospitalaria (menor a 12 horas) RR = 3.5 de 0.71 (IC 95% 0.75-12.3), RRR -2.5, RAR 0.06 y NNT 17. Conclusión: La apendicectomía laparoscó-pica con puerto único presenta beneficio únicamente en la intensidad de dolor, en comparación con el acceso de 3 puertos.

Objective: To compare the single-port la-paroscopic appendectomy with 3 ports sur-gery in patients with acute appendicitis from the hospitals "Vicente Corral Moscoso" and "José Carrasco Arteaga" during 2013.Materials and Methods: An experimental study was done in which were included 170 emergency patients from the hospitals "Vi-cente Corral Moscoso" and "José Carras-co Arteaga"; half of them, underwent the appendectomy with single port (group 1) and the other half underwent the appen-dectomy with 3 ports (group 2).Results: The most affected age group was between 18 and 25 years, and the male gen-der predominates in both groups. The ope-rating time of 61-120 minutes was 61.2 % in group 1, in group 2 was 55.3 %. The mild pain postoperative was presented in group 1 in 63.5% and in group 2 was 41.2%, with a hos-pital stance of 13-24 hours in the group 1 with 62.4%. Meanwhile in group 2, about 25 to 36 hours with 47.1%. Analyzing the results of the single port with less surgical time, we found an RR of 0.71 (95% CI 0.4-1.2), RRR 0.29, NNT 15, RAR 0.07; for pain intensity (mild) RR of 1.54 (CI 95% 1.1-2), RRR -0.54, RAR -0.22 and NNT 5 and for shorter hospital stay (less than 12 hours) RR = 3.5 0.71 (95% CI 0.75 to 12.3) -2.5 RRR, NNT 17 RAR 0.06.Conclusion: The single port laparoscopic appendectomy has similar results with inter-national research only on postoperative pain compared to 3 port access.

Urinary podocyte excretion and proteinuria in patients treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor therapy for solid tumor malignancies.

BACKGROUND: Urinary podocyte excretion (podocyturia) may function as a more specific marker of ongoing glomerular damage. This study sought to analyze the relationship between proteinuria and podocyturia in cancer patients treated with antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients treated with anti-VEGF medications were analyzed in a single-institution, cross-sectional study. Podocyte cultures were performed on random urine collections (50-100 ml), and podocytes were identified by positive podocin staining. The corresponding urine samples were analyzed for protein and creatinine (Cr) measurements. RESULTS: Proteinuria ≥0.5 g/g Cr was found in 30% of the patients (median, 0.12; interquartile range, 0.04-0.86), and 62% had podocyturia. There was a significant difference in the amount of podocyturia between patients with proteinuria ≥0.5 g/g Cr and those with a value <0.5 g/g Cr (median podocyturia, 1.08 cells/mg Cr, range, 0-14.55 vs. 0.03 cells/mg Cr, range, 0-1.64, respectively; p < 0.001). A statistically significant correlation was observed between the cumulative dose of bevacizumab and both proteinuria (r = 0.48, p = 0.004) and podocyturia (r = 0.34, p = 0.045) as well as between proteinuria and podocyturia (r = 0.63, p < 0.001), suggesting that these are mechanistically related. DISCUSSION: Ongoing podocyte loss may be mechanistically related to the onset and severity of proteinuria in patients treated with anti-VEGF agents.