Uncovering a novel mechanism: Butyrate induces estrogen receptor alpha activation independent of estrogen stimulation in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Butyrate is a promising candidate for an antitumoral drug, as it promotes cancer cell apoptosis and reduces hormone receptor activity, while promoting differentiation and proliferation in normal cells. However, the effects of low-dose butyrate on breast cancer cell cultures are unclear. We explored the impact of sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate on estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) transcriptional activity in MCF-7 cells, using RT-qPCR, Western blot, wound-healing assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation. Our results showed that sub-therapeutic doses of sodium butyrate (0.1 - 0.2 mM) increased the transcription of ESR1, TFF1, and CSTD genes, but did not affect ERα protein levels. Moreover, we observed an increase in cell migration in wound-healing assays. ChIP assays revealed that treatment with 0.1 mM of sodium butyrate resulted in estrogen-independent recruitment of ERα at the pS2 promoter and loss of NCoR. Appropriate therapeutic dosage of butyrate is essential to avoid potential adverse effects on patients' health, especially in the case of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors. Sub-therapeutic doses of butyrate may induce undesirable cell processes, such as migration due to low-dose butyrate-mediated ERα activation. These findings shed light on the complex effects of butyrate in breast cancer and provide insights for research in the development of antitumoral drugs.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Mexican Oregano Essential Oil, Extracted from Plants Occurring Naturally in Semiarid Areas and Cultivated in the Field and Greenhouse in Northern Mexico.

In recent years, the determination of the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of essential oils in wild plants, such as Mexican oregano (Lippia graveolens Kunth), has become increasingly important. The objective was to compare the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Mexican oregano essential oil obtained from plants occurring naturally in semiarid areas (Wild1 and Wild2), and those cultivated in the field (CField) and greenhouse (CGreenhouse) in northern Mexico. The Mexican oregano essential oil extraction was performed using the hydrodistillation method, the antioxidant activity was determined using the ABTS method, and the antibacterial activity was assessed through bioassays under the microwell method at nine different concentrations. The aim was to determine the diameter of the inhibition zone and, consequently, understand the sensitivity level for four bacterial species. The results revealed an antioxidant activity ranging from 90% to 94% at the sampling sites, with Wild1 standing out for having the highest average antioxidant activity values. Likewise, six out of the nine concentrations analyzed showed some degree of sensitivity for all the sampling sites. In this regard, the 25 µL mL-1 concentration showed the highest diameter of inhibition zone values, highlighting the Wild2 site, which showed an average diameter greater than 30 mm for the four bacteria tested. Only in the case of S. typhi did the CGreenhouse site surpass the Wild2, with an average diameter of the inhibition zone of 36.7 mm. These findings contribute to the search for new antioxidant and antibacterial options, addressing the challenges that humanity faces in the quest for opportunities to increase life expectancy.

Efectos del danazol y hemisuccinato de danazol sobre la presión de perfusión y resistencia vascular / Effects of danazol and danazol hemisuccinate on perfusión pressure and vascular resistance

Estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos sugieren que el danazol ha sido considerado como un factor de riesgo para desarrollar hipertensión. Para proporcionar información adicional acerca de este fenómeno, en este trabajo fue caracterizado el efecto inducido por el danazol y el hemisuccinato de danazol sobre la presión de perfusión y la resistencia vascular en corazón aislado de rata a flujo constante (modelo de Langendorff). Los resultados, mostraron que; 1) el hemisuccinato de danazol [10-9 M] incrementa la presión de perfusión en comparación con el danazol [10-9 M]; 2) los efectos del derivado de danazol [10-9 M - 10-4 M] sobre la presión de perfusión fueron inhibidos por flutamida [10-6 M]; 3) la nifedipina [10-6 M], bloqueó los efectos ejercidos por el hemisuccinato de danazol [10-9 M -10-4 M] sobre la presión de perfusión y 4) el efecto del derivado de danazol [10-9 M - 10-4 M] sobre la presión de perfusión en presencia del montelukast [10-6 M] fue inhibido significativamente (p=0,008). En conclusión, los efectos inducidos por el danazol y hemisuccinato de danazol sobre la presión de perfusión y la resistencia vascular podrían depender de su estructura química. Este fenómeno podría involucrar la interacción del receptor de andrógenos e indirectamente la activación de la síntesis de leucotrienos D4 (LTD4) y consecuentemente inducir variaciones en la presión de perfusión.

Epidemiological and clinical studies suggest that danazol has been considered a risk factor for hypertension development. In order to provide additional information about this phenomenon, the effect induced by both danazol and hemisuccinate of danazol on perfusion pressure and vascular resistance was characterized in isolated rat heart at constant flow (Langendorff model) and it was evaluated in this work.The results showed that; 1) hemisuccinate of danazol [10-9 M] increases perfusion pressure and vascular resistance in comparison with danazol [10-9 M]; 2) the effects of danazol-derivative [10-9 M - 10-4 M] on perfusion pressure were inhibited by flutamide [10-6 M]; 3) nifedipine [10-6 M] blockaded the effects exerted by hemisuccinate of danazol [10-9 M -10-4 M] on perfusion pressure; and 4) the effect of danazol-derivative [10-9 M - 10-4 M] on perfusion pressure in presence of montelukast [10-6 M] was significantly inhibited (p=0.008). In conclusion, the effects induced by both danazol and hemisuccinate of danazol on perfusion pressure and vascular resistance could depend on their chemical structure. This phenomenon could involve the interaction of androgene steroid-receptor and indirect activation of leukotriene D4 (LTD4) synthesis and consequently, induce variations in the perfusion pressure.

Efectos inducidos por Ruta graveolens L., Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh y Citrus aurantium L. sobre los niveles de glucosa, colesterol y triacilglicéridos en un modelo de rata diabética / Efeitos induzidos por Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae, Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh, Euphorbiaceae, e Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae, nos níveis de glucose, colesterol e triacilglicerídeos num modelo do rato diabético / Induced effects by Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae, Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh, Euphorbiaceae, and Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae, on glucose, cholesterol and triacylglycerides levels in a diabetic rat model

Varias plantas con propiedades hipoglucemicas se han utilizado en medicina popular y sistemas curativos tradicionales en todo el mundo. El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos inducidos por Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae, Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh, Euphorbiaceae, y Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae, en un modelo de rata diabética, a la que se le cuantificaron los niveles de glucosa cada 24 horas por un mes después de la administración gástrica del extracto de las plantas. Además, el colesterol y los triglicéridos fueron evaluados usando técnicas enzimáticas. Los resultados mostraron que la administración de Cnidoscolus chayamansa a dosis de 0.5 a 1.5 g/kg induce un aumento hipoglucemico (< 200 mg/dL). Otros datos indican que Cnidoscolus chayamansa ejerce variaciones en los niveles de triacilglicéridos (80-90 mg/dL) y colesterol (88-96 mg/dL). Sin embargo, la administración de Citrus aurantium en las mismas dosis no fue suficiente para disminuir los niveles de glucosa (> 200 mg/dL). Otros resultados, mostraron que Citrus aurantium ejerce cambios en la concentración de triacilglicéridos (158-172 mg/dL) y colesterol (120-128 mg/dL). Finalmente, la administración de Ruta graveolens a dosis de 0.5 g/kg induce un efecto hipoglucemico (< 200 mg/dL). Además, Ruta graveolens a dosis de 0.5 a 1.5 g/kg induce variaciones en los niveles de triacilglicéridos (110-120 mg/dL) y colesterol (116-124 mg/dL). En conclusión la administración de Cnidoscolus chayamansa ejerce efectos hipoglucemicos en una manera dosis dependiente en comparación con Ruta graveolens y Citrus aurantium. Además, las plantas evaluadas inducen cambios en los niveles de lípidos dependiente de la dosis.

Diversas plantas com propriedades hipoglicêmicas foram usadas na medicina popular e em sistemas tradicionais de curas em torno do mundo. A finalidade deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos induzidos por Ruta graveolens L, Rutaceae, Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh, Euphorbiaceae, e Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae, em modelo do rato diabético onde níveis da glucose foram determinados a cada 24 h em um mês antes da administração gástrica do extrato das plantas. Colesterol e triacilglicerídeos foram avaliados usando técnicas enzimáticas. Os resultados mostraram que a administração de Cnidoscolus chayamansa a dose de 0,5 a 1,5 g/kg induz um aumento hipoglicêmico (< 200 mg/dL). Outros dados indicam que Cnidoscolus chayamansa exerce variações nos níveis de triacilglicerídeos (80-90 mg/dL) e colesterol (88-96 mg/dL). A administração de Citrus aurantium nas mesmas doses não foi suficiente para diminuir os níveis de glucose (> 200 mg/dL). Outros resultados, mostraram que Citrus aurantium exerce mudanças na concentração de triacilglicerídeos (158-172 mg/dL) e colesterol (120-128 mg/dL). Finalmente, a administração de Ruta graveolens na dose de 0.5 g/kg induziu um efeito hipoglicêmico (< 200 mg/dL). Ruta graveolens, na dose de 0.5 a 1.5 g/kg, induziu variações nos níveis de triacilglicerídeos (110-120 mg/dL) e colesterol (116-124 mg/dL). Em conclusão, a administração de Cnidoscolus chayamansa exerce efeitos hipoglicêmicos numa maneira dose dependente em comparação com Ruta graveolens e Citrus aurantium. As plantas avaliadas induzem mudanças nos níveis de lipídeos dependente da dose.

Several plants with hypoglycemic properties have been used in folk medicine and traditional healing systems around the world. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effects of Ruta graveolens L., Rutaceae, Cnidoscolus chayamansa McVaugh, Euphorbiaceae, and Citrus aurantium L., Rutaceae, in a diabetic rat model to which the glucose levels were quantified every 24 hours by one month before of gastric administration of plants extract. Additionally, the cholesterol and triacylglycerides were evaluated using standard enzymatic techniques. The results showed that increases in the dose (0.5 to 1.5 g/kg) of Cnidoscolus chayamansa induce a high hypoglycemic effect (< 200 mg/dL). Another data indicate that Cnidoscolus chayamansa exerts variations in triacylglycerides (80-90 mg/dL) and cholesterol (88-96 mg/dL). Nevertheless, the administration of Citrus aurantium in the same doses was not sufficient for diminish the glucose levels (> 200 mg/dL). Other results, showed that Citrus aurantium exert changes in the concentration of triacylglycerides (158-172 mg/dL) and cholesterol (120-128 mg/dL). Finally, the administration of Ruta graveolens at dose of 0.5 mg/kg induces a hypoglycemic effect (< 200 mg/dL). Additionally, Ruta graveolens at dose of 0.5 to 1.5 g/kg induce variations in the triacylglycerides (110-120 mg/dL) and cholesterol (116-124 mg/dL) levels. In conclusion the administration of Cnidoscolus chayamansa it exerts hypoglycemic effects in a manner dose-dependent in comparison with both Ruta graveolens and Citrus aurantium. In addition, the plants evaluated induce changes in lipids levels dose-dependent.