Epithelial cyst following subepithelial connective tissue graft: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Various surgical approaches have been employed to manage gingival recession, including subepithelial connective tissue grafting, which has yielded favorable outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: We present the case of a 17-year-old patient who developed gingival recession on tooth #6 following an esthetic crown lengthening procedure. The recession was treated with a subepithelial connective tissue graft; however, this case details the occurrence of two epithelial cysts adjacent to the region subjected to the surgical procedure, 6 months after surgery. The treatment involved periodontal surgical intervention, during which the lesions were completely excised and the associated osseous defect was filled using an inorganic bovine bone matrix along with a collagen membrane. The healing progressed without any complications. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of cystic lesions, which were characterized by a cystic cavity lined with stratified orthokeratinized epithelium with cuboidal cells in some areas surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. The patient's progress was monitored through tomography performed 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years post-procedure, all of which demonstrated the absence of any signs of lesion recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case study emphasizes the effectiveness and predictability of subepithelial connective tissue grafting in the treatment of gingival recession. However, dental professionals should be cautious about the potential risk of gingival recession following esthetic crown lengthening procedures and recognize the potential complications associated with subepithelial connective tissue grafting, such as the observed development of epithelial cysts in this specific case. KEY POINTS: Why is this case new information? We present a case of an epithelial cyst following a subepithelial connective tissue graft, which resulted in buccal cortical bone resorption. The treatment involved excisional biopsy and the use of an inorganic bovine bone matrix with a collagen membrane. What are the keys to the successful management of this case? Successful treatment included periodontal surgery, bone defect filling using an inorganic bovine bone matrix and a collagen membrane, and regular monitoring with CT scans at 6 months, 1 year, and 5 years post-surgery; all showed no recurrence. Success factors included careful surgery, appropriate biomaterial usage, and ongoing follow-up. What are the primary limitations to success in this case? The limitations involve potential complications from subepithelial connective tissue grafting such as cyst development. This report stresses the importance of meticulous patient selection and periodontal phenotype evaluation to minimize risks. Continuous follow-up is critical to detect recurrence and other issues.

Oral lichen planus in a young patient: a case report with nine-year follow-up / Líquen plano oral em paciente jovem: um relato de caso com acompanhamento de nove anos

INTRODUCTION: Oral lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that affects the stratified squamous epithelium of the oral mucosa. It occurs more frequently in female patients and it is rarely observed in children, adolescents, or young adults. This study aims to report a case of oral lichen planus in a young patient with a nine-year followup. CASE REPORT: A 19-year-old man reported to the Dentistry Department with a complaint of an asymptomatic white lesion on the dorsum and left lateral border of his tongue, which had appeared a few weeks before. Two weeks later, a second lesion, very similar to the previous one, appeared on the central region of his tongue. An incisional biopsy was performed. The histological slides were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and the expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1ß) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) was assessed by immunohistochemistry. No pharmacological treatment was prescribed. The clinical and histopathological findings were suggestive of oral lichen planus. The IL-1ß/TNF-α expression was low. There was a spontaneous regression of the lesions after approximately one year. The nine-year follow-up showed no signs of recurrence. CONCLUSION: This case presents atypical features such as the age of the patient and the spontaneous remission of the lesions.

INTRODUÇÃO: O líquen plano oral é uma condição inflamatória que acomete o epitélio escamoso estratificado da mucosa oral. Ocorre mais frequentemente em pacientes do gênero feminino e é raramente encontrado em pacientes pediátricos ou juvenis. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de líquen plano oral em um paciente jovem com acompanhamento de nove anos. RELATO DE CASO: Um rapaz de 19 anos procurou atendimento no Departamento de Odontologia com a queixa de uma lesão branca assintomática em região de dorso e borda lateral esquerda de sua língua, com tempo de evolução de algumas semanas. Duas semanas depois, uma segunda lesão, muito similar à primeira, apareceu na região central de sua língua. Uma biópsia incisional foi realizada. As lâminas histológicas foram coradas com hematoxilina-eosina e a expressão de interleucina-1beta (IL-1ß) e de fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNF-α) foram avaliadas por imunohistoquímica. Nenhum tratamento farmacológico foi prescrito. Os achados clínicos e histopatológicos foram sugestivos de líquen plano oral. A expressão de IL-1ß/TNF-α foi baixa. Houve uma regressão espontânea das lesões após aproximadamente um ano. O acompanhamento de nove anos não detectou sinais de recorrência. CONCLUSÃO: Esse caso apresenta características atípicas, como a idade do paciente e a remissão espontânea das lesões.

Effect of bioactive glasses used as dentin desensitizers on the dentin-pulp complex in rats.

Bioactive glasses have been recommended for the occlusion of dentinal tubules in treating cervical dentin hypersensitivity. This study evaluates an in vivo model of dentin exposure, and tests the efficacy of bioglass treatments. Thirty male Wistar rats received gingival recession surgery on the upper left first molar. The treatments were applied over the surface of the exposed dentin every 4 days for 28 days. The groups were as follows: Naive; Gingival recession; Cavity varnish; Biosilicate®; Strontium bioglass; and Potassium bioglass. Changes in the dentin-pulp complex, and the presence of substance P, were evaluated through hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical staining. The groups had similar results. Teeth with exposed dentinal tubules in rats showed a typical pattern in the dentin-pulp complex and immunotracing for substance P. The materials did not cause pulp damage. The effects of gingival recession and open dentinal tubules on pulp tissue require further clarification.

IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF L CELLS IN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT MUCOSA OF PATIENTS AFTER SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CONTROL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS.

OBJECTIVE: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of global impact that has led to an increase in comorbidities and mortality in several countries. Immunoexpression of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (3-36) (PYY3-36) can be used as a scorer in the gastrointestinal tract to analyze L-cell activity in response to T2DM treatment. This study aimed to investigate the presence, location, and secretion of L cells in the small intestine of patients undergoing the form of bariatric surgery denominated adaptive gastroenteromentectomy with partial bipartition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis were performed on samples of intestinal mucosa from patients with T2DM in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All results were consistent and indicated basal expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 incretins by L cells. A greater density of cells was demonstrated in the most distal portions of the small intestine. No significant difference was found between GLP-1 and PYY3-36 expression levels in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of prolonged fasting during which the samples were collected. CONCLUSION: The greater number of L cells in activity implies better peptide signaling, response, and functioning of the neuroendocrine system.

Dental management in the Intensive Care Unit in the treatment of toxic epidermal necrolysis associated with phenytoin: case report / Manejo odontológico na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva no tratamento da necrólise epidérmica tóxica associada a fenitoína: relato de caso

ABSTRACT Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are adverse reactions, usually medicine-related, in which extensive and painful mucocutaneous lesions are formed. Oral lesions are characterized by the presence of erosions and ulcers. The treatment usually requires intensive care in a hospital setting, where the Dentist is essential in the multidisciplinary team, as he will act in the treatment of oral lesions. In this article, a 26-year-old female patient was reported, who presented TEN-compatible mucocutaneous lesions associated with the drug Phenytoin and required admission to a Teaching Hospital. The treatment consisted of the immediate suspension of the Phenytoin use and systemic therapy with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Oral lesions were monitored by the hospital dentistry team. The procedures adopted were: oral hygiene with 0.12% non-alcoholic Chlorhexidine Digluconate solution, hydration of the oral tissue with an essential fatty acid, application of frozen chamomile tea, and prescription of topical Triamcinolone Acetonide. Also, low-level laser therapy sessions (red and infrared) were performed. Oral lesions evolved with significant improvement. In this case, the importance of the Dentist in the multi-professional team is demonstrated. Although there is no protocol, the procedures used in the present case can be an alternative to therapies used in SSJ and TEN oral lesions.

RESUMO A Síndrome de Stevens Johnson (SSJ) e a Necrólise Epidérmica Tóxica (NET) são reações adversas, geralmente medicamentosas. Na pele, formam-se máculas que se tornam pápulas, vesículas e bolhas, além de eritema extenso e desprendimento da epiderme. As lesões bucais caracterizam-se pela presença de erosões e úlceras dolorosas. O tratamento geralmente é realizado em âmbito hospitalar, com necessidade de cuidados intensivos, onde o Cirurgião-dentista é fundamental na equipe multiprofissional, pois atuará na terapêutica das lesões bucais. Neste artigo foi relatado o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, de 26 anos, a qual apresentou lesões mucocutâneas compatíveis com NET associadas ao medicamento Fenitoína e necessitou de internamento em um Hospital Universitário. O tratamento realizado foi a suspensão imediata do fármaco desencadeador, além de terapia sistêmica com corticóide e imunossupressor. As lesões bucais foram acompanhadas pela equipe de odontologia hospitalar. As condutas adotadas foram: higiene bucal com solução de Digluconato de Clorexidina 0,12% não alcoólica, hidratação da mucosa bucal com Ácido Graxo Essencial, aplicação de raspas de chá de gelo de camomila e prescrição de Triancinolona Acetonida tópica. Além disso, foram realizadas sessões de laserterapia de baixa intensidade (vermelho e infravermelho). As lesões bucais evoluíram com melhora significativa. A paciente permaneceu internada durante 22 dias, sendo 12 em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Este caso demonstra a importância do Cirurgião-dentista na equipe multiprofissional. Apesar de não haver um protocolo para as lesões bucais, as condutas utilizadas no presente caso podem ser uma alternativa de terapêuticas utilizadas em lesões de SSJ e NET.

Immunohistochemical detection of l cells in gastrointestinal tract mucosa of patients after surgical treatment for control of type 2 diabetes mellitus / Detecção imunohistoquímica de células l na mucosa do trato gastrointestinal de pacientes após tratamento cirúrgico para controle de diabetes mellitus tipo 2

ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disease of global impact that has led to an increase in comorbidities and mortality in several countries. Immunoexpression of the incretin hormones such as glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (3-36) (PYY3-36) can be used as a scorer in the gastrointestinal tract to analyze L-cell activity in response to T2DM treatment. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the presence, location, and secretion of L cells in the small intestine of patients undergoing the form of bariatric surgery denominated adaptive gastroenteromentectomy with partial bipartition. METHODS: Immunohistochemical assays, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and Western blot analysis were performed on samples of intestinal mucosa from patients with T2DM in both the preoperative and postoperative periods. RESULTS: All results were consistent and indicated basal expression and secretion of GLP-1 and PYY3-36 incretins by L cells. A greater density of cells was demonstrated in the most distal portions of the small intestine. No significant difference was found between GLP-1 and PYY3-36 expression levels in the preoperative and postoperative periods because of prolonged fasting during which the samples were collected. CONCLUSION: The greater number of L cells in activity implies better peptide signaling, response, and functioning of the neuroendocrine system.

RESUMO - RACIONAL: O diabetes tipo 2 (DM2) é uma doença de impacto mundial que tem levado ao aumento de comorbidades e mortalidade em vários países. A imunoexpressão dos hormônios incretínicos glp-1 e pyy3-36, pode ser usada como marcador no trato gastrointestinal para analisar a atividade da célula L em resposta ao tratamento do DM2. OBJETIVO: O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a presença, localização e secreção de células L no intestino delgado de pacientes submetidos à forma de cirurgia bariátrica denominada gastroenteromentectomia adaptativa com bipartição parcial. MÉTODOS: Ensaios imunohistoquímicos, reação quantitativa em cadeia de polimerase em tempo real (qPCR) e análise de manchas ocidentais foram realizados em amostras de mucosa intestinal de pacientes com diabetes tipo 2 nos períodos pré- e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: Todos os resultados foram consistentes e indicaram expressão basal e secreção de peptídeos glucagon-1 (GLP-1) e peptídeos YY (PYY3-36) incretinas por células L. Uma maior densidade de células foi demonstrada nas porções mais distais do intestino delgado. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os níveis de expressão GLP-1 e PYY3-36 nos períodos pré-operatório e pós-operatório, provavelmente devido ao estado de jejum prolongado durante o qual as amostras foram coletadas CONCLUSÃO: O maior número de células L em atividade implica melhor sinalização de peptídeo, resposta e funcionamento do sistema neuroendócrino.

Characterization of the Activity of Croton tiglium Oil in Hetter's Very Heavy Phenol-Croton Oil Chemical Peels.

BACKGROUND: Croton oil (CO) is used by dermatologists and plastic surgeons in deep chemical peels. It is mixed with phenol, water, and a soap in Baker-Gordon's or Hetter's formulas. There is controversy as to whether CO or phenol is the active agent in the dermal effect of deep chemical peels. OBJECTIVE: To better clarify the role of CO in deep peels, by identification of active compounds in commercially available CO in the United States and biological effects in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry on CO and a domestic pig model experiment using 3 different formulas: G1: 5% Septisol (SEP), G2: 1.6% croton oil in 35% phenol with 5% SEP, and G3: 35% phenol with 5% SEP. RESULTS: Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of phorbol esters. G1 was null overall. Extent of the coagulative necrosis: G2 > G3. Vascular ectasia: G2 > G3. Inflammation pattern: intense neutrophilic inflammatory band in G2 versus mild, sparse, perivascular mononuclear cell infiltrate in G3. Neocollagenesis: pronounced in G2, negligible in G3. CONCLUSION: Coagulative necrosis of the epidermis, superficial fibroblasts, and vasculature can be attributed to the action of phenol. Phorbol esters on CO could be responsible for the dense deep acute inflammation and the distinctive neocollagenesis.

Desenvolvimento de um manual ilustrado para o cirurgião-dentista da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva: relato de experiência / Development of an illustrated manual for the Intensive Care Unit surgeondentist: experience report / Desarrollo de un manual ilustrado para el cirujano-dentista de la Unidad de Terapia Intensiva: relato de experiencia

Este relato objetiva apresentar o processo de desenvolvimento de um material escrito e ilustrado voltado para o dentista atuante em Unidades de Terapia intensiva, bem como os motivos e justificativas que levaram à decisão de sua necessidade. O cirurgião-dentista tem ampliado sua área de atuação e, por isso, necessita de materiais didáticos que forneçam uma base para essa nova forma de pensar a Odontologia, com um caráter integral e multiprofissional. Por não haver contato dos cirurgiões-dentistas com o ambiente hospitalar durante a graduação, salvo raras exceções, o material didático nesta área foi planejado para abranger desde os conhecimentos básicos até situações que envolvem maior conhecimento para a tomada de decisão. A metodologia utilizada foi o levantamento bibliográfico e a montagem de material escrito na forma de manual, além da produção e tratamento de fotografias ilustrativas, obtidas em um Hospital Universitário durante o processo de cuidado odontológico de pacientes críticos.

This report aims to present the process of developing a written and illustrated material for the dentist in intensive care units, as well as the reasons and justifications that led to the decision of their need. The dental surgeon has expanded his area of practice and, therefore, needs didactic materials that provide a basis for this new way of thinking about Dentistry, with an integral and multiprofessional character. Due to the lack of contact between dental surgeons and the hospital environment during graduation, with few exceptions, the teaching material in this area was designed to cover everything from basic knowledge to situations involving greater knowledge for decision making. The methodology used was the bibliographical survey and the assembly of written material in manual form, as well as the production and treatment of illustrative photographs obtained at a University Hospital during the dental care process of critical patients.

Este relato tiene como objetivo presentar el proceso de desarrollo de un material escrito e ilustrado orientado hacia el dentista actuante en Unidades de Terapia intensiva, así como los motivos y justificaciones que llevaron a la decisión de su necesidad. El cirujano-dentista ha ampliado su área de actuación y, por eso, necesita materiales didácticos que proveen una base para esa nueva forma de pensar la Odontología, con un carácter integral y multiprofesional. Por no haber contacto de los cirujanos-dentistas con el ambiente hospitalario durante la graduación, salvo raras excepciones, el material didáctico en esta área fue planeado para abarcar desde los conocimientos básicos hasta situaciones que involucran mayor conocimiento para la toma de decisión. La metodología utilizada fue el levantamiento bibliográfico y el montaje de material escrito en la forma de manual, además de la producción y tratamiento de fotografías ilustrativas, obtenidas en un Hospital Universitario durante el proceso de cuidado odontológico de pacientes críticos.

Analysis of temperature increase in swine gingiva after exposure to a Polywave® LED light curing unit.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the temperature increase in swine gingival temperature after exposure to light emitted by a Polywave® LED light curing unit (LCU, Bluephase 20i, Ivoclar Vivadent). METHODS: After local Ethics Committee approval (protocol 711/2015), 40 pigs were subjected to general anesthesia and the LCU tip was placed 5mm from the buccal gingival tissue (GT) close to lower lateral incisors. A thermocouple probe (Thermes WFI, Physitemp) was inserted into the gingival sulcus before and immediately after exposure to light. Real-time temperature (°C) was measured after the following exposure modes were applied: High Power (20s-H, 40s-H, and 60s-H) or Turbo mode (5s-T), either with or without the presence of rubber dam (RD) interposed between the LCU tip and GT (n=10). The presence of gingival lesions after the exposures was also evaluated. Peak temperature (°C) and the temperature increase during exposure over that of the pre-exposure baseline value (ΔT) data were analyzed using 2-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni's post-hoc test (α=5%). A binary logistic regression analysis determined the risk of gingival lesion development. RESULTS: Without RD, no significant difference in ΔT was observed among 20s-H, 40s-H, and 60s-H groups, which showed the highest temperature values, while the 5s-T exposure showed the lowest ΔT, regardless of RD. RD reduced ΔT only for the 20s-H group (p=0.004). Gingival lesions were predominantly observed using 40s-H, with RD, and 60s-H, with and without RD. SIGNIFICANCE: Exposure to a LCU light might be harmful to swine gingiva only when high radiant exposure values are delivered, regardless of the use of RD.

Anti-ulcer mechanisms of polyphenols extract of Euphorbia umbellata (Pax) Bruyns (Euphorbiaceae).

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Euphorbia umbellata (leitosinha) is used in southern Brazilian folk medicine to treat gastric problems, as well as for its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM OF STUDY: To evaluate the anti-ulcer effects of methanolic bark fraction (MF) against in vivo and in vitro assays, as well as an antioxidant, antibacterial and chromatographic study of this fraction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo anti-ulcer activity was performed using ethanol and indomethacin models with different MF concentrations (50, 100 or 200mg/Kg). The stomachs of the animals were applied to histological evaluation, and the serum to evaluate the ABTS(•+) radical capture. The 200mg/Kg dose was used to analyze the mechanisms involved in antiulcerogenic properties of methanolic fraction. The in vitro activity was performed using several different antioxidant assays, in addition to anti-Helicobacter pylori and anti-urease experiments. The chromatographic study was carried out by LC-MS analysis. RESULTS: Pharmacological investigation of the MF showed an anti-ulcer potential in ethanol and indomethacin in vivo assays. The material presented a high antioxidant activity for several oxidant in vitro systems (DPPH(•), ABTS(•+), O2(•-), HOCl, TauCl and HRP), as well as an ABTS(•+) capture increasing (7.5%) by the treated animals serum (when compared to the negative control). Prostaglandins, nitric oxide/ cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway and involvement of the protein components of the glutathione complex are some of the mechanisms related with this potential anti-ulcer action. The histological examination of the stomachs of the animals showed that the MF also prevents local action of offensive agents. Chemical analysis using LC-QTOF-MS revealed the presence of ellagic and gallic acid derivatives and flavonols. CONCLUSION: The findings provide scientific basis to the ethnopharmacological purpose of the studied plant and the biological activities of MF of E. umbellata stem bark may be due to the presence of phenolic compounds.

Nasolabial Cyst Associated with Odontogenic Infection.

The nasolabial cyst or Klestadt cyst is a relatively uncommon nonodontogenic cyst that develops in the nasal alar region; it has uncertain pathogenesis. This lesion has slow growth and variable dimensions and is characterized clinically by a floating tumefaction in the nasolabial fold area around the bridge of the nose, causing an elevation of the upper lip and relative facial asymmetry. Diagnosis is primarily made clinically; if necessary, this is complemented by imaging. This paper reports the case of a 39-year-old male patient who complained of pain in the right upper premolar region and poor aesthetics due to a firm tumor in the right wing of the nose. Initially, this was thought to be due to an odontogenic abscess; however, the differential diagnosis was that a nasolabial cyst was communicating with the apex of teeth 14 and 15. Surgical treatment was carried out, followed by histopathological examination and concomitant endodontic treatment of the teeth involved.

Effect of sealing infected dentin with glass ionomer cement on the abundance and localization of MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9 in young permanent molars in vivo.

BACKGROUND: The study of MMPs' behavior in carious lesions contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in dentin reorganization after restoration. AIM: To compare the abundance and localization of MMPs 2, 8, and 9 in infected dentin before and after restoration. DESIGN: The sample consisted of 23 young permanent molars with active deep carious lesions. Infected carious dentin samples were collected from the same tooth at baseline and 60 days after cavity lining with GIC and composite resin restoration and processed for immunohistochemistry assays. After digital images were obtained, two calibrated operators analyzed the samples according to the immunostaining intensity and the MMPs' localization. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The intensity of immunostaining for MMP-8 was reduced after 60 days (P = 0.02), and no difference was observed for MMP-2 (P = 0.32) and MMP-9 (P = 0.14). The MMPs' distribution was generalized in the intertubular dentin and absent or located in the intratubular dentin, regardless of the period. CONCLUSION: The sealing of infected carious dentin in young permanent molars reduced the expression of MMP-8, which is consistent with the initial remodeling process of the dentin matrix.

Frequency of micronucleus in oral epithelial cells after exposure to mate-tea in healthy humans.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of technique simplification for cytology slides in order to evaluate the frequency of micronuclei (FMic) and conduct a experiment looking to know the FMic of oral epithelial cells of healthy volunteers exposed to mate tea (Ilex paraguarariensis). MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a laboratorial and nonrandomized trial (quasi-experiment), where the nonusers subjects were exposed to mate-tea, consumed in the traditional way, two drinks, two times a day for a single week. Two cytology of exfoliated epithelial cells were obtained before and after the mate tea exposition. RESULTS: The sample was composed by 10 volunteers. The age ranged from 18 to 33 years (Mean 23; SD5.5). The use of mate tea did not showed significant variation in the FMic (Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test p= .24). CONCLUSIONS: The proposed technique simplification showed to be reliable, without losses when compared to the conventional technique and with the advantage of eliminate toxic substances, becoming simple and practical tool for research in dentistry. The acute exposure to mate tea did not induce an increase of FMic in exfoliated buccal cells of healthy nondrinkers and nonsmokers subjects and may not have genotoxic effect. More human studies are needed before a conclusion can be made on the oral carcinogenic risk of mate tea to humans.

Effects of an orabase formulation with ethanolic extract of Malva sylvestris L. in oral wound healing in rats.

Malva sylvestris L. is widely used in medicine for treatment of inflammatory processes. The plant has anti-inflammatory properties due to substances such as mucilage, flavonoids, and tannins. A mouthwash with leaves from the plant can be used for the treatment of wounds in the oral mucosa. The aim of this study was to assess the wound healing effect of Malva sylvestris L. on a palate mucosa wound in rats. After intraperitoneal anesthesia, a 4-mm-diameter excisional wound was made in the center of the palatal mucosa of 136 rats, using a punch-out biopsy tool. Eight animals were used as baseline wound. The remaining rats were divided into four groups: CO, control; OB, orabase vehicle; CX, 2% chlorhexidine; and MA, 20% Malva in orabase. At 24 h postoperatively, the animals were immobilized without anesthetic to apply 25 mg of each substance twice a day, totaling 50 mg daily. The wound areas were measured photographically and the reepithelialization rates were determined histologically (%) after 0, 3, 7, 15, and 21 days. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. Similar healing pattern was observed among the groups (P>.05; ANOVA). According to the methodology, Malva sylvestris L. extract had no effect on wound healing in the palatal mucosa of rats.

Antitumoural effect of Synadenium grantii Hook f. (Euphorbiaceae) latex.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Synadenium grantii Hook f. has traditionally been used to treat various neoplastic diseases in southern Brazil. AIM OF STUDY: Evaluation of the antitumoural potential of Synadenium grantii latex against B16F10 melanoma cell line using in vitro and in vivo models, as well as a phytochemical study of the latex. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro antitumoural activity was performed using MTT and trypan blue assays with different latex concentrations (1.7 µg-7.0 µg/well and 1.22 mg-4.88 mg/well). Flow cytometry was used to determine the progression of the cell cycle. The in vivo activity was performed by subcutaneously injecting melanoma cells in the dorsum of C57BL6 mice, followed by treating the mice with a popular form of use of the latex (garrafada) administered orally. After sacrificing the animals, histological analysis of the organs was performed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The phytochemical study of the latex was performed by NMR and chromatographic procedures and the extracts and isolated substances were evaluated by IR, 1D and 2D NMR analysis. RESULTS: The Synadenium grantii latex exhibited decreased cell viability of the melanoma line in a concentration and time-dependent manner, and also cell cycle arrest in the S-G2/M phase. The latex caused a 40% reduction in the volume of tumours of the mice with melanomas. Histological examination of the organs of these animals showed no differences between groups. The phytochemical investigation resulted in the isolation and identification of triterpene euphol and the steroid citrostadienol, which were tested against the strain of melanoma. Euphol showed no antitumoural activity, while the steroid citrostadienol showed reduced cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION: The Synadenium grantii latex presented in vitro and in vivo cytotoxic effects with antitumoural activity against B16F10 melanoma cells.

Comparação Entre a Citologia em Base Líquida e a Citologia Esfoliativa Convencional no Diagnóstico de Carcinomas da Região de Cabeça e Pescoço / Comparison between Liquid-based Cytology and Conventional Exfoliative Cytology in the Diagnosis of Head and Neck Carcinomas

Objetivo: Comparar a citologia esfoliativa em base líquida em relação à citologia convencional no diagnóstico de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Cento e duas lâminas obtidas de 19 indivíduos portadores de neoplasias malignas foram examinadas. As amostras foram divididas em três grupos: grupo 1 - esfregaços de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço obtidos pela citologia em base líquida; grupo 2 (controle) - amostras de citologia em base líquida provenientes de tecido sadio (região anatômica oposta) e grupo 3 - esfregaços de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço obtidos pela citologia esfoliativa convencional. Os esfregaços foram processados em laboratório e avaliados por meio da microscopia de luz. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes do Qui-quadrado (X2), Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey-Kramer (P<0,05). Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação às alterações celulares sugestivas de malignidade (p<0,05). As lâminas preparadas por meio da citologia em base líquida evidenciaram melhores as células neoplásicas. As células epiteliais encontraram-se mais dissociadas e a amostra foi mais representativa. Houve uma redução de 54,6% no número de amostras insatisfatórias e um ganho de sensibilidade de 53% ao se utilizar a citologia em base líquida. Esta técnica permitiu a obtenção de esfregaços mais homogêneos e lâminas de melhor qualidade proporcionando uma redução no número de amostras insatisfatórias e um aumento de sensibilidade do exame. Conclusão: A citologia esfoliativa em base líquida pode ser indicada como um recurso auxiliar no diagnóstico de lesões bucais, principalmente nos casos de neoplasias malignas de natureza epitelial.

Objective: To compare the liquid-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck carcinomas. Methods: One hundred and two slides obtained from 19 individual with malignant neoplasias were examined. The samples were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - head and neck carcinoma smears obtained by liquid-based cytology; group 2 (control) - liquid-based cytology samples obtained from healthy tissue (opposed anatomic region), and group 3 - head and neck carcinoma smears obtained by conventional exfoliative cytology. The smears were processed in laboratory and evaluated by light microscopy. Data were subjected to the chi-square (X2), ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). Results: There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the groups for the cellular alterations suggestive of malignancy. The slides prepared by liquid-based cytology permitted better visualization of the neoplastic cells. The epithelial cells were more dissociated and the sample was more representative. The number of unsatisfactory samples decreased by 54.6% and the sensitivity increased by 53% when liquid-based cytology was used. This technique permitted obtaining more homogeneous smears and slides with better quality, reducing the number of unsatisfactory samples and increasing the sensitivity of the exam. Conclusion: Liquid-based cytology can be indicated as an auxiliary resource in the diagnosis of oral lesions, especially in the cases of malignant neoplasias of epithelial origin.

Comparação entre a citologia em base líquida e a citologia esfoliativa convencional no diagnóstico de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço / Comparison between liquid-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck carcinomas

Objetivo: Comparar a citologia esfoliativa em base líquida em relação à citologia convencional no diagnóstico de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Cento e duas lâminas obtidas de 19 indivíduos portadores de neoplasias malignas foram examinadas. As amostras foram divididas em três grupos: grupo 1 - esfregaços de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço obtidos pela citologia em base líquida; grupo 2 (controle) - amostras de citologia em base líquida provenientes de tecido sadio (região anatômica oposta) e grupo 3 - esfregaços de carcinomas da região de cabeça e pescoço obtidos pela citologia esfoliativa convencional. Os esfregaços foram processados em laboratório e avaliados por meio da microscopia de luz. Os dados foram submetidos aos testes do Qui-quadrado (X2), Análise de Variância (ANOVA) e Teste de Tukey-Kramer (P<0,05). Resultados: Houve uma diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação às alterações celulares sugestivas de malignidade (p<0,05). As lâminas preparadas por meio da citologia em base líquida evidenciaram melhores as células neoplásicas. As células epiteliais encontraram-se mais dissociadas e a amostra foi mais representativa. Houve uma redução de 54,6% no número de amostras insatisfatórias e um ganho de sensibilidade de 53% ao se utilizar a citologia em base líquida. Esta técnica permitiu a obtenção de esfregaços mais homogêneos e lâminas de melhor qualidade proporcionando uma redução no número de amostras insatisfatórias e um aumento de sensibilidade do exame. Conclusão: A citologia esfoliativa em base líquida pode ser indicada como um recurso auxiliar no diagnóstico de lesões bucais, principalmente nos casos de neoplasias malignas de natureza epitelial.

Objective: To compare the liquid-based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of head and neck carcinomas. Methods: One hundred and two slides obtained from 19 individual with malignant neoplasias were examined. The samples were divided into 3 groups: group 1 - head and neck carcinoma smears obtained by liquid-based cytology; group 2 (control) - liquid-based cytology samples obtained from healthy tissue (opposed anatomic region), and group 3 - head and neck carcinoma smears obtained by conventional exfoliative cytology. The smears were processed in laboratory and evaluated by light microscopy. Data were subjected to the chi-square (X2), ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer test (p<0.05). Results: There was statistically significant difference (p<0.05) among the groups for the cellular alterations suggestive of malignancy. The slides prepared by liquid-based cytology permitted better visualization of the neoplastic cells. The epithelial cells were more dissociated and the sample was more representative. The number of unsatisfactory samples decreased by 54.6% and the sensitivity increased by 53% when liquid-based cytology was used. This technique permitted obtaining more homogeneous smears and slides with better quality, reducing the number of unsatisfactory samples and increasing the sensitivity of the exam. Conclusion: Liquid-based cytology can be indicated as an auxiliary resource in the diagnosis of oral lesions, especially in the cases of malignant neoplasias of epithelial origin.

Descontaminação de escovas dentais utilizadas por crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais: análise microbiológica / Decontamination of toothbrushes used by children with special needs: microbiological analysis

INTRODUÇÃO: Crianças portadoras de necessidades especiais apresentam higiene bucal deficiente. Portanto, suas escovas dentais tornam-se altamente contaminadas e constituem fontes de disseminação de diferentes patógenos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a contaminação e a descontaminação de escovas dentais usadas por crianças com necessidades especiais. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: Escovas dentais de 30 indivíduos, após 30 dias de uso, foram armazenadas em ágar nutriente estéril e incubadas (37ºC, por 24 horas). A seguir, 100 µl das diluições (1:10 e 1:100) foram semeados em ágar MacConkey (bactérias gram-negativas), ágar Mitis Salivarius (Streptococcus spp.) e ágar Sabouraud (Candida spp.) e incubados (37ºC, por 48 horas). Dividiram-se de modo aleatório as amostras em três grupos para descontaminação com três soluções, aplicadas com spray (seis borrifadas por escova) antes da análise microbiológica: clorexidina (GC - digluconato de clorexidina a 0,12 por cento), hipoclorito (GH - hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento) e água destilada (GA - controle). Para a análise estatística dos dados, recorreu-se aos testes não paramétricos exato de Fisher e Wilcoxon (α = 0,05). RESULTADOS: A primeira avaliação microbiológica evidenciou crescimento bacteriano nas 30 escovas. Detectaram-se níveis superiores a > 300 x 10³ UFC/ml em 80 por cento das amostras para estreptococos, 60 por cento para gram-negativos e 47 por cento para cândida. Após a desinfecção, apenas o GC apresentou redução significativa na turvação do meio (p = 0,04) e nos níveis de gram-negativos (p = 0,04) e cândida (p = 0,005). Quanto aos outros grupos, o processo de descontaminação não foi estatisticamente expressivo na diminuição dos níveis dos microrganismos pesquisados. CONCLUSÃO: Entre os agentes testados, somente a clorexidina demonstrou eficiência na redução dos bacilos gram-negativos e das leveduras do gênero Candida spp., e nenhuma das soluções se mostrou eficaz contra Streptococcus spp.

INTRODUCTION: Children with special needs generally present poor oral hygiene, consequently, their toothbrushes become highly infected, acting as a reservoir for dissemination of different pathogens. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination and decontamination of toothbrushes used by children with special needs. acting as a reservoir for dissemination of different pathogens. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Toothbrushes were retrieved from 30 children after 30 days of use, stored in tubes containing nutrient agar and incubated for 24 h (37ºC). After, 100 µl of the dilutions (1:10 and 1:100) were plated on MacConkey agar (Gram negative bacteria), Mitis Salivarius agar (Streptococcus spp.), and Saboroud agar (Candida spp.) and incubated (37ºC, 48 h). The toothbrushes were randomly divided into 3 groups for decontamination procedures using 0.12 percent chlorhexidine (GC); 1 percent sodium hypochlorite (GH) and distilled water (GA - control). The solutions were sprayed 6 times onto the bristles and the toothbrushes were submitted to microbiological analysis. Statistical analysis used non-parametric tests (Fisher's exact and Wilcoxon) (α = 0.05). RESULTS: The initial microbiological analysis showed a bacterial growth in all samples. Microorganisms levels higher than > 300 x 10³ CFU/mL were detected in 80 percent of the samples for Streptococcus spp.; 60 percent for Gram negative bacteria e 47 percent for Candida spp. After decontamination, there was significant reduction for GC when considering turbidity (p = 0.04) and at the levels of Gram negative bacteria (p = 0.04) and Candida spp. (p = 0.005). For GH e GA, the decontamination procedures were not significant. CONCLUSION: Chlorhexidine solution was the only agent effective against Gram negative bacteria and Candida spp. None of the solutions tested was effective against Streptococcus spp.

Comparação entre a citologia em base líquida e a citologia esfoliativa convencional no diagnóstico da candidose bucal / Comparison between liquid based cytology and conventional exfoliative cytology in the diagnosis of oral candidoses

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a eficácia da citologia esfoliativa em base-líquida (CBL) e da citologia esfoliativa convencional (CEC) no diagnóstico da candidose bucal. Material e método: a amostra foi dividida em dois grupos: a) grupo experimental - formado por 27 indivíduos com candidose bucal (submetidos a CBL e CEC) e b) grupo controle - composto por 30 indivíduos sem nenhuma lesão bucal (submetidos a CBL). Além de avaliar a eficácia dos métodos no diagnóstico de candidose bucal, procurou-se comparar a qualidade das imagens microscópicas, a associação da presença de hifas e/ou pseudohifas com o tipo de célula epitelial e a eficácia de aplicação dos dois métodos após o tratamento com antifúngico. Os esfregaços foram processados em laboratório, analisados por microscopia de luz e submetidos à análise estatística por meio do teste do Qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). Resultado: Os resultados mostraram que a CBL foi mais eficaz do que a CEC devido ao maior número de lâminas contendo hifas e/ou pseudohifas, bem como pela quantidade e dispersão mais uniformes das células epiteliais, o que caracterizou a qualidade superior das imagens neste método. Ao se avaliar a associação de hifas e/ou pseudohifas com o tipo de célula epitelial mais encontrado, observou-se que tanto na CBL quanto na CEC as referidas estruturas estavam mais associadas com células das camadas superficial nucleada e intermediária. Conclusão: embora a citologia em base líquida tenha sido tecnicamente superior à citologia esfoliativa convencional na confecção de lâminas com melhor qualidade e favorecendo a detecção de hifas e pseudohifas, a CBL não demonstrou resultados satisfatórios como um método seguro para o diagnóstico da candidose oral.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency of the liquid based cytology (LBC) and conventional exfoliative cytology (CEC) in the diagnosis of oral candidosis. Material and method: The sample was divided in two groups: a) experimental group - composed by 27 individuals with oral candidosis (submitted to LBC and CEC) and b) control group - composed by 30 individuals with no oral lesion (submitted to LBC). Besides, the quality of the cytological smears; the association between hyphae and/or pseudohyphae with the type of epithelial cell; and the efficacy of the two methods after the treatment with antifungal medication were evaluated. The smears were processed in the laboratory, analyzed by light microscopy and submitted to statistical analysis using Chi-square test (P < 0.05). Result: There were more smears exhibiting hyphaes and/or pseudohyphaes in LBC than CEC. Besides, the quantity and the more uniform dispersion of the epithelial cells on the slide were more present. Thus, this method showed the best quality of the cytological smears. When the association between hyphae and/or pseudohyphae with the type of epithelial cell was analyzed, both LBC (experimental and control groups) and CEC demonstrated that these structures were more associated with nucleated superficial and intermediary epithelial cells. Conclusion: Even so LBC has been technically superior than CEC to the preparing of best quality slides and favoring to the detection of hyphae and/or pseudohyphae. Nevertheless, it did not show satisfactory results as a safe method to the diagnosis of oral candidosis.