Construction of multifunctional porous silica nanocarriers for pH/enzyme-responsive drug release.

pH/enzyme-responsive nanocarriers based on porous silica (pSiO2) nanospheres (NSs) were developed for controlled release of drug. The pSiO2 NSs present uniform spheres and have an average diameter of 100nm. The pSiO2 NSs with high specific surface area (835m2·g-1) and the pore volume (1.24cm3·g-1) are suitable for drug loading and the loading capacity reaches to 29% for amoxicillin (AMX) model drug. In this system, protocatechuic acid (PCA) and L-glutamic acid (Glu) as linkers were grafting onto the surface of pSiO2 NSs to conjugate the capping lids. Acid-decomposable ZnO quantum dots (QDs) were introduced to block the partial pores of pSiO2 via amido bonds, which could act as gates and fluorescence probes. To minimize the premature release, hyaluronic acid (HA) was further coating on the outer surface of pSiO2, which would be degraded by over-expressed hyaluronidase (Hyal-1) in the tumor microenvironment. The controlled release of the drug from the ZnO/HA-gated delivery system was realized by the acidic dissolution of ZnO QDs and enzymatic hydrolysis of HA. The obtained ZnO/HA-gated pSiO2 delivery system would achieve minimized premature release and responsive release under a physiological environment.

Fabrication of autofluorescent porous silica nanoparticles for redox-responsive drug release.

Porous silica nanoparticles were prepared by emulsion-condensation route. The silica nanoparticles with diameter of 50nm have both accessible center-radial large pore channels (19.9nm) and small pore size of 3.5nm. The hierarchical porous structure endows them large pore volume for loading drugs and sustained release property. The silica nanoparticles were further modified with glucose-oxidized glutathione. The formulated Schiff base and disulfide bonds render the silica nanoparticles auto-fluorescent and redox-responsive properties. The cleavage of disulfide bonds caused by reactive thiols facilitates aminomethylbenzoic acid (AMA) release. The release of drug leads to the loss of fluorescence, which would be used to monitor the drug delivery and carrier distribution.